scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Virulence Factors of S. aureus Isolated from Food, Humans, and Animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Roberto Adame-Gómez ◽  
Natividad Castro-Alarcón ◽  
Amalia Vences-Velázquez ◽  
Jeiry Toribio-Jiménez ◽  
Abigail Pérez-Valdespino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Multiple Environments

Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal bacterium in humans and animals able to adapt to multiple environments. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity and virulence profiles of strains of S. aureus isolated from food (29 strains), humans (43 strains), and animals (8 strains). 80 lipase-producing strains belonging to a biobank of 360 isolates, identified phenotypically as S. aureus, were selected. Confirmation of the species was made by amplifying the spA gene and 80% (64/80) of the strains were confirmed within this species. The virulence profile of each of the isolates was determined by PCR. The seA gene coding for enterotoxin A was found in 53.1% of the strains, the saK gene, which codes for Staphylokinase, was amplified in 57.8% of the strains, and, finally, the hlB gene coding for β-Hemolysin was amplified in 17.2%. The profile of antimicrobial resistance was determined by the Kirby Bauer method showing that the strains from food presented greater resistance to erythromycin (40.7%) and ciprofloxacin (18.5%) while in strains isolated from humans were to erythromycin (48.4%) and clindamycin (21.2%). Also, in strains from animals, a high resistance to erythromycin was observed (75%). The frequency of MRSA was 12.5% due to the presence of the mec gene and resistance to cefoxitin. Of the total strains, 68.7% were typed by PCR-RFLP of the coa gene using the AluI enzyme; derived from this restriction, 17 profiles were generated. Profile 4 (490 bp, 300 bp) was the most frequent, containing a higher number of strains with a higher number of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, which is associated with greater adaptation to different environments. In this study, a wide genetic diversity of strains of S. aureus from different foods, humans, and animals was found. This demonstrates evolution, genetic versatility, and, therefore, the adaptation of this microorganism in different environments.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin (-Like) Genes sey, selw, selx, selz, sel26 and sel27 in Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiji Soe Aung ◽  
Noriko Urushibara ◽  
Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya ◽  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
Satoshi Habadera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Features

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus associated with various toxic diseases due to their emetic and superantigenic activities. Although at least 27 SE(-like) genes have been identified in S. aureus to date, the newly identified SE(-like) genes have not yet been well characterized by their epidemiological features. In this study, the prevalence and genetic diversity of SE gene sey and SE-like genes selw, selx, selz, sel26, and sel27 were investigated for 624 clinical isolates of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA). The most prevalent SE(-like) gene was selw (92.9%), followed by selx (85.6%), sey (35.4%) and selz (5.6%), while sel26 and sel27 were not detected. Phylogenetically, sey, selw, selx, and selz were discriminated into 7, 10, 16, and 9 subtypes (groups), respectively. Among these subtypes, sey was the most conserved and showed the highest sequence identity (>98.8%), followed by selz and selx. The SE-like gene selw was the most divergent, and four out of ten genetic groups contained pseudogenes that may encode truncated product. Individual subtypes of SE(-like) genes were generally found in isolates with specific genotypes/lineages of S. aureus. This study revealed the putative ubiquity of selw and selx and the prevalence of sey and selz in some specific lineages (e.g., ST121) in CA-MRSA, suggesting a potential role of these newly described SEs(-like) in pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 2111-2122
Author(s):  
Verónica K. C. Pérez ◽  
Dircéia A. C. Custódio ◽  
Eduarda M. M. Silva ◽  
Julia de Oliveira ◽  
Alessandro S. Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bovine Mastitis

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken and pig carcasses, and carcass handlers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0232913
Author(s):  
Onyinye J. Okorie-Kanu ◽  
Madubuike U. Anyanwu ◽  
Ekene V. Ezenduka ◽  
Anthony C. Mgbeahuruike ◽  
Dipendra Thapaliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Pig Carcasses

scholarly journals Spectrum of antibiotic resistant bacteria and fungi isolated from chronically infected wounds in a rural district hospital in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Krumkamp ◽  
Kwabena Oppong ◽  
Benedikt Hogan ◽  
Ricardo Strauss ◽  
Hagen Frickmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background: Chronic infected wounds are generally difficult to manage and treatment can be particularly challenging in resource-limited settings where diagnostic testing is not readily available. In this study, the epidemiology of microbial pathogens in chronically infected wounds in rural Ghana was assessed to support therapeutic choices for physicians.Methods. Culture-based bacterial diagnostics including antimicrobial resistance testing were performed on samples collected from patients with chronic wounds at a hospital in Asante Akim North Municipality, Ghana. Fungal detection was performed by broad-range fungal PCR and sequencing of amplicons. Results: In total, 105 patients were enrolled in the study, from which 207 potential bacterial pathogens were isolated. Enterobacteriaceae (n=84, 41%) constituted the most frequently isolated group of pathogens. On species level, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=50, 24%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=28, 14%) were predominant. High resistance rates were documented, comprising 29% methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus as well as resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in 33% and 58% of Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. One Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with carbapenem resistance was identified. The most frequently detected fungi were Candida tropicalis.Conclusions: The pathogen distribution in chronic wounds in rural Ghana matched the internationally observed patterns with a predominance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Very high resistance rates discourage antibiotic therapy but suggest an urgent need for microbiological diagnostic approaches, including antimicrobial resistance testing to guide the management of patients with chronic wounds in Ghana.

scholarly journals Complete genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus: insights into virulence and antimicrobial resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Benjamin Howden ◽  
Tim Stinear ◽  
John K Davies
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Complete Genome Sequencing

Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the most important opportunistic bacterial pathogens of humans. It is characterised by the presence of many virulence factors, as well as an ability to rapidly develop or acquire antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors and Genetic Diversity of Escherichia coli Isolates from Household Water Supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. e61090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Talukdar ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mahdia Rahman ◽  
Ashikun Nabi ◽  
Zhahirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Household Water

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Peru

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willi Quino ◽  
Junior Caro-Castro ◽  
Verónica Hurtado ◽  
Diana Flores-León ◽  
Narjol Gonzalez-Escalona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Campylobacter is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool applied in the study of foodborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to apply WGS to determine the genetic diversity, virulence factors and determinants of antimicrobial resistance of the populations of C. jejuni and C. coli in Peru. A total of 129 Campylobacter strains (108 C. jejuni and 21 C. coli) were sequenced using Illumina Miseq platform. In silico MLST analysis identified a high genetic diversity among those strains with 30 sequence types (STs), several of them within 11 clonal complexes (CC) for C. jejuni, while the strains of C. coli belonged to a single CC with 8 different STs. Phylogeny analysis showed that Peruvian C. jejuni strains were divided into 2 clades with 5 populations, while C. coli formed a single clade with 4 populations. Furthermore, in silico analyses showed the presence of several genes associated with adherence, colonization and invasion among both species: cadF (83.7%), jlpA (81.4%), racR (100%), dnaJ (83.7%), pebA (83.7%), pldA (82.1%), porA (84.5%), ceuE (82.9%), ciaB (78.3%), iamB (86.8%), and flaC (100%). The majority (82.9%) of the Campylobacter strains carried the cdtABC operon which code for cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Half of them (50.4%) carried genes associated with the presence of T6SS, while the frequency of genes associated with T4SS were relatively low (11.6%). Genetic markers associated with resistance to quinolones, tetracycline (tetO, tetW/N/W), beta-lactamases (blaoxa–61), macrolides (A2075G in 23S rRNA) were found in 94.5, 21.7, 66.7, 6.2, 69.8, and 18.6% of strains, respectively. The cmeABC multidrug efflux operon was present in 78.3% of strains. This study highlights the importance of using WGS in the surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with foodborne diseases, providing genomic information on genetic diversity, virulence mechanisms and determinants of antimicrobial resistance. The description of several Campylobacter genotypes having many virulence factors and resistance to quinolones and tetracyclines circulating in Peru provides important information which helps in the monitoring, control and prevention strategies of this emerging pathogen in our country.

scholarly journals Relationship between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 792-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Karen Castro Pérez ◽  
Geraldo Márcio da Costa ◽  
Alessandro Sá Guimarães ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Andrey Pereira Lage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bovine Mastitis
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