scholarly journals A Mathematical Model Relating Pitocin Use during Labor with Offspring Autism Development in terms of Oxytocin Receptor Desensitization in the Fetal Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Duke University

This paper develops a mathematical model describing the potential buildup of high oxytocin concentrations in the maternal circulation during labor in terms of continuous Pitocin infusion rate, half-life, and maternal weight. Oxytocin override of the degradation of oxytocin by placental oxytocinase is introduced to model the potential transfer of oxytocin from the maternal circulation across the placenta into the fetal circulation and from there into the brain of the fetus. The desensitization unit D equal to 1.8E6 (pg·min)/ml is employed to establish a desensitization threshold and by extension, a downregulation threshold as a function of oxytocin override concentration and continuous Pitocin infusion time, that could be a factor in the subsequent development of autism among offspring. Epidemiological studies by Duke University [1], Yale University [2], and Harvard University [3] are discussed regarding Pitocin use and offspring autism development for an explanation of the weak correlations they identified. The findings of the Harvard epidemiological study are reinterpreted regarding Pitocin use and its conclusion questioned. Further evaluations of the findings of these three epidemiological studies are called for to incorporate medical information on quantity of Pitocin used, continuous Pitocin infusion rate, length of labor, and maternal weight to determine if a correlation can be established with offspring autism development above an empirically determined desensitization threshold for Pitocin use. Suggestions for research are discussed, including an alternative to continuous Pitocin infusion, pulsatile infusion of Pitocin during labor induction, which may mitigate possible offspring autism development.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model Relating Pitocin Use During Labor with Offspring Autism Development in Terms of Oxytocin Receptor Desensitization in the Fetal Brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
List Type ◽  
Receptor Desensitization ◽  
Infusion Time ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Maternal Circulation

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a mathematical model describing the potential buildup of high oxytocin concentrations in the maternal circulation during labor in terms of continuous Pitocin infusion rate, half-life and maternal weight. Oxytocin override of the degradation of oxytocin by placental oxytocinase is introduced to model the potential transfer of oxytocin from the maternal circulation across the placenta into the fetal circulation, and from there into the brain of the fetus. The desensitization unit D equal to 1.8E6 (pg-min)/ml is employed to establish a desensitization threshold, and by extension; a down-regulation threshold as a function of oxytocin override concentration and continuous Pitocin infusion time, that could be a factor in the subsequent development of autism among offspring. Epidemiological studies by Duke University (S.G. Gregory, 2013), Yale University (O. Weisman, 2015) and Harvard University (A.S. Oberg, 2016) are discussed regarding Pitocin use and offspring autism development for an explanation of the weak correlations they identified. The findings of the Harvard epidemiological study are re-interpreted regarding Pitocin use, and its conclusion questioned. Further evaluations of the findings of these three epidemiological studies are called for to incorporate medical information on quantity of Pitocin used, continuous Pitocin infusion rate, length of labor and maternal weight to determine if a correlation can be established with offspring autism development above an empirically determined desensitization threshold for Pitocin use. Suggestions for research are discussed, including an alternative to continuous Pitocin infusion, pulsatile infusion of Pitocin during labor induction, that may mitigate possible offspring autism development.HIGHLIGHTSBuildup of oxytocin (OT) in the maternal circulation mathematically modeled.Relationship of OT half-life and OT concentration in maternal circulation identified.OTR Desensitization related to Pitocin infusion time and OT override concentration.Weak correlations for autism development in epidemiological studies explained.Examination called for of medical records of Pitocin use in epidemiological studies.OUTLINE OF PAPERIntroductionDevelopment and application of mathematical model – Sections 1 through 6, notably: Figures 1 through 4Discussion of oxytocin receptor desensitization as it pertains to mathematical model – Sections 7 and 8Influence of mathematical model on interpretation of epidemiological studies – Sections 9 and 10Research considerations – Section 11, notably:Subsection 11.1 – Call for detailed epidemiological analysis of selected medical information indicated by mathematical model Subsection 11.2 – Review of pulsatile Pitocin infusion to mitigate possible offspring autism development indicated by mathematical model

scholarly journals Examining Political Change and Presidential Power in the US

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN DUMBRELL
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Paperback Edition ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Liberalism ◽  
Duke University ◽  
Level Of Analysis

H. W. Brands, The Strange Death of American Liberalism (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, paperback edition, 2003, £9.95). Pp. 200. ISBN 0 300 098 24 3.Michael J. Gerhardt, The Federal Appointments Process: A Constitutional and Historical Analysis (Durham NC and London: Duke University Press, revised and expanded paperback edition, 2003, £18.50). Pp. 406. ISBN 0 8223 3199 3.William G. Howell, Power without Persuasion: The Politics of Direct Presidential Action (Princeton NJ and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2003, cloth £29.95, paper £12.95). Pp. 239. ISBN 0 691 10269, 0 691 10270 8.Drew Noble Lanier, Of Time and Judicial Behavior: United States Supreme Court Agenda – Setting and Decision-Making, 1888–1997 (Selinsgrove PA: Susquehanna University Press and London: Associated University Presses, 2003, $42.50). Pp. 276. ISBN 1 57591 067 5.Byron E. Shafer, The Two Majorities and the Puzzle of Modern American Politics (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2003, cloth $35, paper $19.95). Pp. 356. ISBN 0 7006 1235 1, 0 7006 1236 X.One does not have to be an especially sophisticated philosopher of explanatory method to appreciate that, in explaining change in human affairs, much depends on the situation of and level of analysis adopted by the would-be explainer. Do the dots connect or are they mostly what they appear to be – just dots? Reality, according to Bertrand Russell's famous aphorism, is either a bowl of connected jelly or a bucket of disconnected shot. It all depends on the observer, who, of course, is also part of the reality being considered.

OGO 6355 Mathematical model of foeto-maternal circulation: Application to the hypoxic situations

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S108
Author(s):  
E. Ménigault ◽  
B. Lepoivre ◽  
P. Vieyres ◽  
J.L. Lacaze ◽  
M. Berson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Maternal Circulation

scholarly journals Book Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-263
Author(s):  
Natalie Bump Vena ◽  
Paige Dawson ◽  
Thomas De Pree ◽  
Sarah Hitchner ◽  
George Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Superior ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
The World ◽  
Duke University ◽  
Tibetan Herders

Langston, Nancy. 2017. Sustaining Lake Superior: An Extraordinary Lake in a Changing World. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 292 pp. ISBN 978-0-300-21298-3.Moore, Margaret. 2019. Who Should Own Natural Resources? Cambridge, MA: Polity Press. 140 pp. ISBN 978-1-509-52916-2.Middleton Manning, Beth Rose. 2018. Upstream: Trust Lands and Power on the Feather River. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 244 pp. ISBN 978-0-8165-3514-9.Van de Graaf, Thijs, and Benjamin K. Sovacool. 2020. Global Energy Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. ISBN 978-1-5095-3048-9.Wapner, Paul. 2020. Is Wildness Over? Cambridge, MA: Polity Press. ISBN 978-1-5095-3212-4.DeSombre, Elizabeth R. 2020. What Is Environmental Politics? Cambridge: Polity Press. 202 pp. ISBN 978-1-5095-3413-5.Ptáčková, Jarmila. 2020. Exile from Grasslands: Tibetan Herders and Chinese Development Projects. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN: 9 78-0-295-74819-1.Liegey, Vincent, and Anitra Nelson. 2020. Exploring Degrowth: A Critical Guide. London: Pluto Press. 224 pp. ISBN 978-0-7453-4201-6.Behringer, Wolfgang. 2019. Tambora and the Year without a Summer: How a Volcano Plunged the World into Crisis. Medford, MA: Polity Press. 334 pp. ISBN 978-1-509-52549-2.Duvall, Chris S. 2019. The African Roots of Marijuana. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 351 pp. ISBN 978-1-4780-0394-6.

Mathematical machine usage in medical information systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
İradə Hətəm qızı Mirzəzadə ◽  
◽  
Gülçin Gülhüseyn qızı Abdullayeva ◽  
Həsənağa Rauf oğlu Nağızadə ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Integral Equations ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Bayes Method ◽  
Medical Information Systems ◽  
Nonlinear Algebra ◽  
Artifical Neural Networks ◽  
Mathematical Machine ◽  
Differential And Integral Equations

Biosystem of the human body is viewed as a whole. First of all adequate mathematical machine selection and class of biosystems needs to be assigned for creation of mathematical model of biological system. Biosystem has two types of appoach. One of them is supposed to be a simple approach, the other is likely to be very complex – indexed approach. Different biosystems with determination properties are usually described by differential and integral equations, linear and nonlinear algebra. In some cases, algebraic polynoms with timed argument are used for presenting determined biosystem dynamics. Adequate mathematical modeling machine, probability theory, Markov and random processes theory and the laws are applied for the description of likely characterized biosystems. Key words: biosystem, biocybernetic issues, differential and integral equations, mathematical model, Markov chains, Bayes method, artifical neural networks

scholarly journals Bioinformation analysis of rotavirus vaccine efficiency

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
S. O. Soloviov ◽  
I. V. Dziublyk ◽  
V. V. Trokhymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis

A couple of studies have shown that viruses cause from 25 to 60% of acute intestinal infections (AII) cases, among which rotaviruses play a leading role in the structure of children's AII of viral etiology. According to the WHO recommendations, vaccination against rotavirus infection should be included into national immunization programs. Due to a wide diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes, the issue of RVI vaccine efficiency, taking into account the dynamics of the molecular-genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens over time, remains relevant. The aim of the work – мodeling the dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens and bioinformation analysis of f rotavirus vaccine efficiency. The object of the analysis was the results of molecular and epidemiological studies of RVI in Kyiv, conducted from 2007 to 2015. The dynamics of the genotypic spectrum was modeled using a Markov model, which involved replacing shares of the molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses with others ones according to homology with the vaccine strain: homology in both G and P genotypes, homology in G genotype or P genotype, no homology in both G and P genotypes. The method of rotavirus vaccine efficiency evaluation is based on data from clinical observations of vaccine efficiency, where different degrees of its efficiency against severe gastroenteritis caused by rotaviruses with different genotypes were shown. The shares of each genotype group in the general circulation of genotypes were taken as weights of the degree of homology relative to the vaccine strain, and the effectiveness of the vaccine against the strains of a specific homology group was obtained from clinical observations. The results of the analysis based on the constructed distribution curves of the molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses due to rotavirus vaccine strain  homology in Kiev showed that, despite the observed dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens, the expected genotype-specific efficiency of rotavirus vaccine would be constant with a value of 0.835 or 83.5% against rotavirus gastroenteritis with a Vesikari severity of > 11 points. It was proposed mathematical model for prediction of molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses dynamics, taking into account the homology of the genotypes of RVI pathogens with respect to the vaccine strain. According to the literature data of molecular and epidemiological studies of rotaviruses in Kyiv, the parameters of the proposed mathematical model and the dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens were determined. Using mathematical modeling, the expected genotype-specific efficiency of the rotavirus vaccine was determined based on Kyiv regional retrospective molecular and epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Book Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Christos Lynteris ◽  
Joe Ellis
Keyword(s):  
New Haven ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Duke University

Frédéric Keck. Avian Reservoirs: Virus Hunters and Birdwatchers in Chinese Sentinel Posts. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 245. 2020.Lars Højer and Morten Axel Pedersen. Urban Hunters: Dealing and Dreaming in Times of Transition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 270. 2019.

Core Invariants of the Mathematical Model of an Intelligent System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-168
Author(s):  
K. I. Kostenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Fundamental Model ◽  
Knowledge Presentation ◽  
Thinking Processes ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Holistic Description

A holistic description of a universal mathematical model for the concept of an intelligent system is given. It is based on formalized invariants associated with the processes of creating and applying such systems. The core of the model is formed by consistent descriptions for sections of knowledge formalisms, components of multidimensional architecture and knowledge flows processes within it, as well as cybernetic hierarchical multi agents systems that control the intelligent systems subjective existence. The fundamental invariants of the knowledge presentation and processing are directly implemented by these main sections basic elements. Invariants form unified set of intelligent systems general attributes. This set allows carrying out comprehensive formal modelling of the intelligence. These invariants are associated with knowledge aspects. They are developed and used at knowledge areas that deal with exploring the memory structural organization and thinking processes models. The tools for transforming the proposed abstract model into the models of specific intelligent systems are morphisms of homomorphic expansion. These morphisms concretize the content of the main structural and functional elements of the intelligent system fundamental model. At the same time, the varieties of entities implemented by model elements are narrowed to the families of objects that make up applied intelligent systems. These systems inherit the properties of fundamental model common elements. Intermediate models of the processes of converting the original model into applied ones allow studying these models properties by mathematical tools. Intermediate models form the basis for the subsequent development of the technology of creating and applying multilevel intelligent systems.

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