scholarly journals Shear Lag Effects in Angles Welded at Both Legs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abedin ◽  
Shervin Maleki ◽  
Nafiseh Kiani ◽  
Esmail Shahrokhinasab
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Free Length ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Connection Length ◽  
Tension Members

The shear lag phenomenon is known to reduce the tensile capacity of tension members. There are various parameters affecting shear lag that have not been considered before. In addition, previous studies have been conducted mainly on single steel sections. Using numerical methods, the present study investigates the effects of relevant parameters on shear lag in single- and double-angle sections welded at both legs. The studied parameters are connection eccentricity, connection length, gusset plate thickness, member-free length, and connection-free length. The results of the numerical analyses show that, in single-angle connections, the effects of connection length, connection eccentricity, and gusset plate thickness are more pronounced, while in double-angle connections the last parameter is not very critical. Comparing the results with the AISC-LRFD predictions, it is concluded that the specification relations are conservative in most cases. In order to reduce the overconservatism, some new equations for shear lag estimate are introduced.

scholarly journals Net Section Fracture Assessment of Welded Rectangular Hollow Structural Sections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1243-1254
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abedin ◽  
Nafiseh Kiani ◽  
Esmail Shahrokhinasab ◽  
Sohrab Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Hollow Section ◽  
Symmetric Connection ◽  
Plate Connections ◽  
Connection Length

Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) because of their high resistance to tension, as well as compression, are commonly used as a bracing member with slotted gusset plate connections in steel structures. Since in this type of connection only part of the section contributes in transferring the tensile load to the gusset plate, shear lag failure may occur in the connection. The AISC specification decreases the effective section net area by a factor to consider the effect of shear lag for a limited connection configuration. This study investigates the effective parameters on the shear lag phenomenon for rectangular hollow section members connected at corners using a single concentric gusset plate. The results of the numerical analysis show that the connection length and connection eccentricity are the only effective parameters in the shear lag, and the effect of gusset plate thickness is negligible because of the symmetric connection. The ultimate tensile capacity of the suggested connection in this study were compared to the typical RHS connection presented in the AISC and the similar double angle sections connected at both legs. The comparison indicates that tensile performance of the suggested connection in this study because of its lower connection eccentricity is much higher than the typical slotted connection and double angle connections. Therefore, a new equation is suggested based on the finite element analyses to modify the AISC equation for these connections.

The shear lag effects on welded steel single angle tension members

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Zhu, ◽  
Michael C.H. Yam ◽  
Angus C.C. Lam ◽  
V.P. Iu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Lag ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Tension Members

Finite element modelling of the shear lag effects in an HSS welded to a gusset plate

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Girard ◽  
A. Picard ◽  
M. Fafard
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modelling ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Element Modelling ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Hollow Section

The behavior of a typical connection at the ends of an HSS bracing member was investigated with the finite element method. The connection is effected by means of a gusset plate welded into slots in the HSS member. The paper presents the results of the finite element analyses of 25 connections which differed in the values assigned to the three main parameters that were considered. The finite element results are compared with the provisions of CSA Standard S16.1-M89, and some adjustments to these provisions are recommended. Key words: connections, steel, shear lag, finite element, hollow section, gusset.

Strength of slotted tubular tension members

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J. Roger Cheng ◽  
G L Kulak ◽  
Heng-Aik Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Plastic Strain ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Lag Effect ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Tension Members ◽  
Hollow Structural Section

An experimental program and associated numerical analysis were undertaken to study the shear-lag effect in round hollow structural section (HSS) tension members that are welded to gusset plates at their ends. The connection is made by slotting the tube longitudinally, inserting the gusset plate, and then placing longitudinal fillet welds at the tube-gusset interface. A total of nine specimens with three different tube sizes (HSS 102 × 6.4, HSS 102 × 4.8, and HSS 219 × 8.0) and various weld lengths were tested in the program. Most of the specimens failed by fracture of the tube somewhere between the two gusset plates, and there was considerable ductility prior to fracture. Most importantly, there was no reduction in the effective net area for the tested specimens, even with a weld length as little as 80% of the distance between the welds. Numerical analyses of the connections were carried out using an elastoplastic model and measured material properties. The studies showed that the restraint provided by the gusset plate at the slotted end effectively increases the load-carrying capacity of the tube as compared with that of the unrestrained portion of the member. In the analysis, fracture is assumed to have occurred when the equivalent plastic strain reaches a critical value. The test results are discussed in light of the requirements in the Canadian standard for design of steel structures.Key words: connections, steel, shear lag, finite element analysis, gusset plates, hollow structural section, tension, welds.

Experimental study on slotted rectangular and square hollow structural section (HSS) tension connections

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1318-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Zhao ◽  
R. F. Huang ◽  
H. A. Khoo ◽  
J. J.R. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Design Standard ◽  
Slot Opening ◽  
Hollow Structural Section ◽  
Longitudinal Welds

An experimental study has been carried out on slotted hollow structural section (HSS) connections with and without welding at the end of the gusset plate. A total of 30 slotted square and rectangular HSS specimens, with 16 different connection configurations, were investigated for effects of weld length ratio, slot orientation, gusset plate thickness, slot opening length, and end welding. Experimental results show that the net section efficiency of the specimen with no end welding was greater than unity for a weld length ratio (L/w), where L is weld length and w is the circumferenctial distance between the longitudinal welds, as low as 0.8, and full net section efficiency was achieved with L/w ratio as low as 0.76 for a square HSS specimen with end welding. These results support findings from other research that show provisions to account for the effect of shear lag in slotted HSS connections are overly conservative in both Canadian and American design standards. Recommendations are provided to improve on provisions to account for shear lag in the Canadian design standard.

Analytical approach for shear lag in welded tension members

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Abi-Saad ◽  
Dominique Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Ultimate Stress ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Tension Members ◽  
Longitudinal Welds

The authors propose an analytical approach for calculating the reduction in strength of steel tension members due to shear lag effects. The approach is based on an assumed distribution of forces along inclined lines in the member ends, somewhat similar to the Whitmore concept used with gusset plates for bracing members. The method is demonstrated for a basic weld in shear at elastic, plastic, and ultimate stress levels. The method is then compared with the recommendations contained in standard CAN/CSA-S16-01 for elements connected by a single longitudinal weld and for elements connected by longitudinal welds along two parallel edges. The predicted strength of tension members with welded connections is compared with results from several laboratory tests. The proposed method could be used for calculating the reduction in strength due to shear lag effects of tension members with different sections.Key words: steel structures, trusses, tension members, welded connections, shear lag, Whitmore.

Investigation of shear-lag in slotted HSS tension members

2021 ◽  
pp. 473-479
Author(s):  
R.M. Korol ◽  
F.A. Mirza ◽  
M.Y. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Shear Lag ◽  
Tension Members

GBT Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams: Recent Developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 2041007
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gonçalves ◽  
Dinar Camotim ◽  
David Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Concrete Cracking ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper reports the most recent developments concerning Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) formulations, and corresponding finite element implementations, for steel-concrete composite beams. These formulations are able to perform the following types of analysis: (i) materially nonlinear analysis, to calculate the beam load-displacement response, up to collapse, including steel plasticity, concrete cracking/crushing and shear lag effects, (ii) bifurcation (linear stability) analysis, to obtain local/distortional bifurcation loads and buckling mode shapes of beams subjected to negative (hogging) bending, accounting for shear lag and concrete cracking effects and (iii) long-term service analysis including creep, cracking and arbitrary cross-section deformation (which includes shear lag) effects. The potential (computational efficiency and accuracy) of the proposed GBT-based finite elements is illustrated through several numerical examples. For comparison purposes, results obtained with standard finite strip and shell/brick finite element models are provided.

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