scholarly journals Carnosol Improved Lifespan and Healthspan by Promoting Antioxidant Capacity in Caenorhabditis elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxiu Lin ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Zuanxian Su ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
Muwen Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Oxidative Stress Condition ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Mda Content

Carnosol, a phenolic diterpene, is one of the main constituents of Rosmarinus. It is known to possess a range of bioactivities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, the antiaging effects of carnosol have received little attention. This study first indicated that carnosol increased the healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). First, compared with the control condition, carnosol treatment effectively decreased ROS accumulation under normal or oxidative stress condition, significantly increased several key antioxidant enzyme activities, and significantly decreased MDA content. Second, carnosol effectively prolonged lifespan under normal and stress conditions and slowed aging-related declines, including mobility, age pigmentation, and neurodegenerative disease, but had no effect on fertility and fat deposition. Finally, carnosol-mediated longevity required the upregulated expression of sod-3, sod-5, hsf-1, hsp-16.1, and hsp-16.2 and was dependent on the hsf-1 gene. Increased DAF-16 translocation was observed, but daf-16 was independent of the effects on lifespan induced by carnosol. These results suggested that carnosol might serve as a good source of natural antioxidants, and in particular, carnosol could be explored as a potential dietary supplement to slow aging.

The SOD-2 protein is the single active SOD enzyme in C. elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourds M. Fernando ◽  
Silwat Adeel ◽  
Mohammed Abul Basar ◽  
Anna K. Allen ◽  
Atanu Duttaroy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mutant Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Stress Condition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Aerobic Organism

ABSTRACTThe nematode C. elegans has a contingent of five sod genes, one of the largest among aerobic organism. Earlier studies revealed each of the five sod genes is capable of making perfectly active SOD proteins in heterologous expressions systems therefore none appears to be a pseudogene. Yet deletion of the entire contingent of sod genes fails to impose any effect on the survival of C. elegans except these animals appear more sensitive to extraneously applied oxidative stress condition. We asked how many of the five sod genes are actually active in C. elegans through an in-gel SOD activity analysis. Here we provide evidence that out of the five genes only the mitochondrial SOD gene is active in C. elegans, albeit at a much lesser amount compared to D. melanogaster and E. coli. Mutant analysis further confirmed that among the mitochondrial forms, SOD-2 is the only naturally active SOD in C. elegans.

Streblus asper Lour. exerts MAPK and SKN-1 mediated anti-aging, anti-photoaging activities and imparts neuroprotection by ameliorating Aβ in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mani Iyer Prasanth ◽  
James Michael Brimson ◽  
Dicson Sheeja Malar ◽  
Anchalee Prasansuklab ◽  
Tewin Tencomnao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transgenic Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Streblus Asper

BACKGROUND: Streblus asper Lour., has been reported to have anti-aging and neuroprotective efficacies in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anti-aging, anti-photoaging and neuroprotective efficacies of S. asper in Caenorhabditis elegans. METHODS: C. elegans (wild type and gene specific mutants) were treated with S. asper extract and analyzed for lifespan and other health benefits through physiological assays, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The plant extract was found to increase the lifespan, reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin and modulate the expression of candidate genes. It could extend the lifespan of both daf-16 and daf-2 mutants whereas the pmk-1 mutant showed no effect. The activation of skn-1 was observed in skn-1::GFP transgenic strain and in qPCR expression. Further, the extract can extend the lifespan of UV-A exposed nematodes along with reducing ROS levels. Additionally, the extract also extends lifespan and reduces paralysis in Aβ transgenic strain, apart from reducing Aβ expression. CONCLUSIONS: S. asper was able to extend the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans which was independent of DAF-16 pathway but dependent on SKN-1 and MAPK which could play a vital role in eliciting the anti-aging, anti-photoaging and neuroprotective effects, as the extract could impart oxidative stress resistance and neuroprotection.

scholarly journals Effects of CaMKII Regulation on Atrial Action Potential Under Oxidative Stress Condition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Sui ◽  
Qince Li ◽  
Kuanquan Wang ◽  
Funebi Francis Ijebu ◽  
Yongfeng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Oxidative Stress Condition

Oenothein B boosts antioxidant capacity and supports metabolic pathways that regulate antioxidant defense in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9157-9167
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Ziyin Li ◽  
Ming-Jun Peng ◽  
Xiaoying Zhang ◽  
Yunjiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Oenothein B

This study provides new insights into the effects of OEB treatment on antioxidant capacity and metabolism that suggest that OEB could be used as a good source of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide exposure induces oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans: protective effects of carnosine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Xiaoyuan Xu ◽  
Ranran Wang ◽  
Haijing Yan ◽  
Huijuan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Apoptosis Related Gene

Abstract Background The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of carnosine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods C. elegans individuals were stimulated for 24 h with LPS (100 μg/mL), with or without carnosine (0.1, 1, 10 mM). The survival rates and behaviors were determined. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined using the respective kits. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to validate the differential expression of sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, daf-16, ced-3, ced-9, sek-1, and pmk-1. Western blotting was used to determine the levels of SEK1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cleaved caspase3, and Bcl-2. C. elegans sek-1 (km2) mutants and pmk-1 (km25) mutants were used to elucidate the role of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Results Carnosine improved the survival of LPS-treated C. elegans and rescued behavioral phenotypes. It also restrained oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels and increasing SOD, GR, CAT, and GSH levels. RT-PCR results showed that carnosine treatment of wild-type C. elegans up-regulated the mRNA expression of the antioxidant-related genes sod-1, sod-2, sod-3, and daf-16. The expression of the anti-apoptosis-related gene ced-9 and apoptosis-related gene ced-3 was reversed by carnosine. In addition, carnosine treatment significantly decreased cleaved caspase3 levels and increased Bcl-2 levels in LPS-treated C. elegans. Apoptosis in the loss-of-function strains of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway was suppressed under LPS stress; however, the apoptotic effects of LPS were blocked in the sek-1 and pmk-1 mutants. The expression levels of sek-1 and pmk-1 mRNAs were up-regulated by LPS and reversed by carnosine. Finally, the expression of p-p38MAPK and SEK1 was significantly increased by LPS, which was reversed by carnosine. Conclusion Carnosine treatment protected against LPS injury by decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis through the p38 MAPK pathway.

scholarly journals Astragalus Polysaccharide Suppresses 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Li ◽  
Ruona Shi ◽  
Fei Ding ◽  
Hongyu Wang ◽  
Wenjing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Astragalus membranaceus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in China for a variety of conditions, including inflammatory and neural diseases. Astragalus polysaccharides are shown to reduce the adverse effect of levodopa which is used to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the neuroprotective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides per se in PD is lacking. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, we investigated the protective effect of astragalan, an acidic polysaccharide isolated from A. membranaceus, against the neurotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin that can induce parkinsonism. We show that 6-OHDA is able to degenerate dopaminergic neurons and lead to the deficiency of food-sensing behavior and a shorter lifespan in C. elegans. Interestingly, these degenerative symptoms can be attenuated by astragalan treatment. Astragalan is also shown to alleviate oxidative stress through reducing reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and reduce the expression of proapoptotic gene egl-1 in 6-OHDA-intoxicated nematodes. Further studies reveal that astragalan is capable of elevating the decreased acetylcholinesterase activity induced by 6-OHDA. Together, our results demonstrate that the protective effect of astragalan against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity is likely due to the alleviation of oxidative stress and regulation of apoptosis pathway and cholinergic system and thus provide an important insight into the therapeutic potential of Astragalus polysaccharide in neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model Organism to Evaluate the Antioxidant Effects of Phytochemicals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3194
Author(s):  
Begoña Ayuda-Durán ◽  
Susana González-Manzano ◽  
Ana M. González-Paramás ◽  
Celestino Santos-Buelga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
High Degree

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was introduced as a model organism in biological research by Sydney Brenner in the 1970s. Since then, it has been increasingly used for investigating processes such as ageing, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, or inflammation, for which there is a high degree of homology between C. elegans and human pathways, so that the worm offers promising possibilities to study mechanisms of action and effects of phytochemicals of foods and plants. In this paper, the genes and pathways regulating oxidative stress in C. elegans are discussed, as well as the methodological approaches used for their evaluation in the worm. In particular, the following aspects are reviewed: the use of stress assays, determination of chemical and biochemical markers (e.g., ROS, carbonylated proteins, lipid peroxides or altered DNA), influence on gene expression and the employment of mutant worm strains, either carrying loss-of-function mutations or fluorescent reporters, such as the GFP.

scholarly journals The DM Domain Transcription Factor MAB-3 Regulates Male Hypersensitivity to Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 3453-3459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Inoue ◽  
Eisuke Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Gata Factor ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Dm Domain

ABSTRACT Sex differences occur in most species and involve a variety of biological characteristics. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans consists of two sexes, self-fertile hermaphrodites (XX) and males (XO). Males differ from hermaphrodites in morphology, behavior, and life span. Here, we find that male C. elegans worms are much more sensitive than hermaphrodites to oxidative stress and show that the DM domain transcription factor MAB-3 plays a pivotal role in determining this male hypersensitivity. The hypersensitivity to oxidative stress does not depend on the dosage of X chromosomes but is determined by the somatic sex determination pathway. Our analyses show that the male hypersensitivity is controlled by MAB-3, one of the downstream effectors of the master terminal switch TRA-1 in the sex determination pathway. Moreover, we find that MAB-3 suppresses expression of several transcriptional target genes of the ELT-2 GATA factor, which is a global regulator of transcription in the C. elegans intestine, and show that RNA interference (RNAi) against elt-2 increases sensitivity to oxidative stress. These results strongly suggest that the DM domain protein MAB-3 regulates oxidative stress sensitivity by repressing transcription of ELT-2 target genes in the intestine.

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