scholarly journals Exercise Dose Effects on Body Fat 12 Months after an Exercise Intervention: Follow-up from a Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Friedenreich ◽  
Yibing Ruan ◽  
Aalo Duha ◽  
Kerry S. Courneya
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Background. Exercise interventions can result in weight loss, which is associated with reductions in disease risk. It is unknown how the volume of exercise prescribed in a one-time exercise intervention impacts long-term body fatness. We compared 24-month body fat changes among postmenopausal women previously prescribed 300 versus 150 minutes/week of exercise in a year-long exercise intervention trial. Methods. The Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA) was a two-centred randomized controlled trial in Alberta, Canada. The trial consisted of a 12-month intervention and 12-month observation period. For the intervention, participants were randomized to either a moderate-volume exercise group (150 min/week) or a high-volume exercise group (300 min/week). Participants in this study were 334 inactive postmenopausal women who had been followed-up to 24 months. The primary outcome for this study was 24-month change in total body fat using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. Other measures included weight, waist and hip circumferences, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat from computed tomography scans, and lean mass. Researchers were blinded to randomization group when measuring body fat. Results. Both groups self-reported ∼180 minutes/week moderate–vigorous activity at 24 months. No statistically significant difference was found in total body fat at 24 months between the two groups. Statistically significant effects (comparing high versus moderate groups) were found for BMI (least-square mean change (95% CI): −0.66 (−0.97, −0.36) versus −0.25 (−0.55, 0.05) kg/m2, P=0.04), waist-to-hip ratio (−0.033 (−0.040, −0.026) versus −0.023 (−0.030, −0.016), P=0.05), and subcutaneous abdominal fat area (−32.18 (−39.30, −25.06) versus −22.20 (−29.34, −15.05) cm2, P=0.04). Conclusion. Prescribing 300 versus 150 minutes/week of exercise to inactive postmenopausal women resulted in some long-term greater decreases in measures of body composition but no overall differences in total body fat loss. This trail is registered with NCT01435005.

Effect of Exercise on Postmenopausal Sex Hormone Levels and Role of Body Fat: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 4492-4499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. Monninkhof ◽  
Miranda J. Velthuis ◽  
Petra H.M. Peeters ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Albertine J. Schuit
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Home Based

Purpose To examine the effects of a 1-year exercise intervention on sex hormone levels in postmenopausal women and whether any effects are mediated by changes in body fat composition. Methods We randomly assigned 189 sedentary postmenopausal women (age 50 to 69 years, body mass index of 22 to 40 kg/m2) to an exercise intervention (n = 96) or a control group (n = 93). The intervention combined aerobic and strength training and comprised supervised group sessions and home-based exercises (a total of 2.5 h/wk). Between-group differences in sex hormone levels (at baseline and 4 and 12 months) were examined with generalized estimating equations. Results In total, 183 women (97%) completed the study. Overall, the exercise intervention did not result in favorable effects on sex hormone levels. Among women who lost more than 2% body fat, declines in all estrogens were not significantly different between exercisers and controls. Androgen levels decreased significantly in the exercise group who lost body fat compared with their peers in the control group. Furthermore, this study confirmed that fat loss was significantly associated with declines in postmenopausal estrogen levels. Although not significant, a similar trend was observed for the androgens. Conclusion This study confirms that fat loss is associated with changes in postmenopausal sex hormone levels and suggests that exercise may be effective in inducing favorable changes in these hormones.

scholarly journals Total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution and surrogate markers for health related to adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) in children

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Dencker ◽  
Anton Danielson ◽  
Magnus K. Karlsson ◽  
Per Wollmer ◽  
Lars B. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

AbstractBackground:The aim of the study was to assess possible relationships between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) and total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions and the increase in body fat over 2 years in a community sample of children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was used in a community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8–11 years. TBF and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBF was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VOResults:Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex, between FABP4 vs. ln TBF, ln BF%, ln AFM, AFM/TBF and VOConclusions:Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that increased body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, low fitness, more LVM and increased LA, increased SBP and PP were all associated with increased levels of FABP4. Increase in TBF and abdominal fat over 2 years were also associated with increased levels of FABP4.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Standardized Physical Therapy Exercises for Patients With Difficulty Returning to Usual Activities After Decompression Surgery for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Høyrup Christiansen ◽  
Poul Frost ◽  
Deborah Falla ◽  
Jens Peder Haahr ◽  
Lars Henrik Frich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Subacromial Decompression ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Little is known about the effectiveness of exercise programs after decompression surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome. For patients with difficulty returning to usual activities, special efforts may be needed to improve shoulder function. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness at 3 and 12 months of a standardized physical therapy exercise intervention compared with usual care in patients with difficulty returning to usual activities after subacromial decompression surgery. Design A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted. Setting The study was conducted in 6 public departments of orthopedic surgery, 2 departments of occupational medicine, and 2 physical therapy training centers in Central Denmark Region. Patients One hundred twenty-six patients reporting difficulty returning to usual activities at the postoperative clinical follow-up 8 to 12 weeks after subacromial decompression surgery participated. Intervention A standardized exercise program consisting of physical therapist–supervised individual training sessions and home training was used. Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the Oxford Shoulder Score. Secondary outcome measures were the Constant Score and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. Results At 3 and 12 months, follow-up data were obtained for 92% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Intention-to-treat analyses suggested a between-group difference on the Oxford Shoulder Score favoring the exercise group at 3 months, with an adjusted mean difference of 2.0 (95% confidence interval=−0.5, 4.6), and at 12 months, with an adjusted mean difference of 5.8 (95% confidence interval=2.8, 8.9). Significantly larger improvements for the exercise group were observed for most secondary and supplementary outcome measures. Limitations The nature of the exercise intervention did not allow blinding of patients and care providers. Conclusion The standardized physical therapy exercise intervention resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in shoulder pain and function at 12 months compared with usual care.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Multicomponent Dual-Task Exercise on Cortical Thickness in Older Adults with Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Seongryu Bae ◽  
Kenji Harada ◽  
Sangyoon Lee ◽  
Kazuhiro Harada ◽  
Keitaro Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled

The aim of this study was to examine cortical thickness changes associated with a multicomponent exercise intervention combining physical exercise and cognitive training in older adults with cognitive decline. This study involved a secondary analysis of neuroimaging data from a randomized controlled trial with 280 older adults having cognitive decline who were randomly assigned to either a multicomponent exercise group (n = 140) that attended weekly 90-minute exercise and cognitive training sessions or a health education control group (n = 140). The cortical thickness and cognitive performance were assessed at the baseline and at trial completion (10 months). The cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal regions was determined using FreeSurfer software. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT). The cortical thickness significantly increased in the middle temporal (p < 0.001) and temporal pole (p < 0.001) in the multicomponent exercise group compared with the control group. Cortical thickness changes were significantly associated with change in trail making test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, and story memory after a 10-month multicomponent exercise intervention. This study suggests that multicomponent exercise programs combining physical exercise and cognitive training have important implications for brain health, especially in providing protection from age-related cortical thinning.

scholarly journals Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Improves Shoulder Function in Women Who Are Overweight or Obese and Have Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1334-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C Sweeney ◽  
Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽  
Kerry S Courneya ◽  
Nathalie Sami ◽  
Kyuwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Shoulder Function ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Active Range Of Motion ◽  
The Mean

Abtract Background Adverse upper limb musculoskeletal effects occur after surgical procedures and radiotherapy for breast cancer and can interfere with activities of daily living. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a 16-week exercise intervention on shoulder function in women who are overweight or obese and have breast cancer. Design This study was a randomized controlled trial. Setting The study was performed at the Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy at the University of Southern California. Participants One hundred women with breast cancer were randomly allocated to exercise or usual-care groups. The mean (SD) age of the women was 53.5 (10.4) years, 55% were Hispanic white, and their mean (SD) body mass index was 33.5 (5.5) kg/m2. Intervention The 16-week exercise intervention consisted of supervised, progressive, moderate to vigorous aerobic and resistance exercise 3 times per week. Measurements Shoulder active range of motion, isometric muscular strength, and patient-reported outcome measures (including Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and the Penn Shoulder Scale) were assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and at the 3-month follow-up (exercise group only). Differences in mean changes for outcomes were evaluated using mixed-model repeated-measures analysis. Results Compared with the usual-care group, the exercise group experienced significant increases in shoulder active range of motion (the mean between-group differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: shoulder flexion = 36.6° [95% CI = 55.2–20.7°], external rotation at 0° = 23.4° [95% CI = 31.1–12.5°], and external rotation at 90° = 34.3° [95% CI = 45.9–26.2°]), improved upper extremity isometric strength, and improved Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Penn Shoulder Scale scores. Limitations Limitations include a lack of masking of assessors after the intervention, an attention control group, and statistical robustness (shoulder function was a secondary end point). Conclusions A 16-week exercise intervention effectively improved shoulder function following breast cancer treatment in women who were overweight or obese, who were ethnically diverse, and who had breast cancer.

scholarly journals NeuroExercise: The Effect of a 12-Month Exercise Intervention on Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment—A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Stuckenschneider ◽  
Marit L. Sanders ◽  
Kate E. Devenney ◽  
Justine A. Aaronson ◽  
Vera Abeln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Exercise intervention studies in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have demonstrated inconsistent yet promising results. Addressing the limitations of previous studies, this trial investigated the effects of a 12-month structured exercise program on the progression of MCI. The NeuroExercise study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial across three European countries (Ireland, Netherlands, Germany). Hundred and eighty-three individuals with amnestic MCI were included and were randomized to a 12-month exercise intervention (3 units of 45 min) of either aerobic exercise (AE; n = 60), stretching and toning exercise (ST; n = 65) or to a non-exercise control group (CG; n = 58). The primary outcome, cognitive performance, was determined by an extensive neuropsychological test battery. For the primary complete case (CC) analyses, between-group differences were analyzed with analysis of covariance under two conditions: (1) the exercise group (EG = combined AE and ST groups) compared to the CG and (2) AE compared to ST. Primary analysis of the full cohort (n = 166, 71.5 years; 51.8% females) revealed no between-group differences in composite cognitive score [mean difference (95% CI)], 0.12 [(−0.03, 0.27), p = 0.13] or in any cognitive domain or quality of life. VO2 peak was significantly higher in the EG compared to the CG after 12 months [−1.76 (−3.39, −0.10), p = 0.04]. Comparing the two intervention groups revealed a higher VO2peak level in the aerobic exercise compared to the stretching and toning group, but no differences for the other outcomes. A 12-month exercise intervention did not change cognitive performance in individuals with amnestic MCI in comparison to a non-exercise CG. An intervention effect on physical fitness was found, which may be an important moderator for long term disease progression and warrants long-term follow-up investigations.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02913053, identifier: NCT02913053.

Efficacy of a Motorized Mechanical Oscillator in Abdominal Fat, Weight, and Waist Circumference Reduction - Two Case Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Chloe ANG ◽  
Teik Hin KOH
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waist Girth ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Mechanical Oscillators ◽  
Total Body

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The importance of reducing health risk associated with high abdominal fat is frequently emphasized. Consequently, in Singapore, we have witnessed good sales on motorized mechanical oscillators touted to induce slimming based on the principles of acupressure. However, to date, no study has been done to evaluate the efficacy of such equipment. This pilot study aims to examine the efficacy of motorized mechanical oscillators in reducing waist circumference, weight and abdominal fat percentage over 4 weeks as well as augment the data on acupressure for weight reduction. Two male subjects, one mildly overweight and the other severely overweight, were recruited. They were required to keep to their existing lifestyles and dietary habits and were instructed to wear the oscillator belt for 30 minutes each time, twice a day, as per instructions given in the manual. The machine was operated using the automatic mode. The results show a slight decrease in total body fat % ascertained by DEXA scans. There was also a reduction in waist circumference and an increase in lean mass in the trunk area in both subjects. Specifically, one participant (mildly overweight) lost 1.2% of total body fat, and 0.7cm on the waist girth but gained 1 kg of lean trunk mass. The other participant (severely overweight), although having lost only 0.2% of total body fat and 1.3cm on the waist girth, lost 1.7 kg in total body weight. He also gained in trunk lean mass that resulted in trunk fat reduction of 0.4%. There appears to be some success in such treatment modality particularly with regard to reducing abdominal fat. Certainly, more work needs to be done and future studies are being considered that will involve bigger sample sizes.調查顯示腹部脂肪的累積能引起健康危害，因此減少腹部脂肪的重要性需要廣泛重視的。在新加坡，瘦身產品如動力化的機械擺動瘦身帶都獲得非常好的銷售額。此瘦身帶是以穴位理療原理為依據而設計開發的。可是至今，這類產品的瘦身效果還沒得到科學證明。這項中間試驗的目的是研究在超過4個星期的時間裏，這類瘦身帶對減少腰圍，體重和腹部脂肪的百分數效果；同時也希望增添用穴位理療原理在減肥方面的資料。在二位男性患者當中，一位屬於輕微超重，而另一位屬於嚴重超重。在這項中間試驗調查中，二位患者接受了為期四周的治療療程。療程包括每日使用本瘦身帶二次，一次療程三十分鐘。除此以外，患者需要保持原本的生活方式和飲食習慣。並遵循指導手冊方法操作。此瘦身帶的操作是採用自動化的方法。由DEXA結果顯示二位元患者的脂肪都有顯微的下降，腰圍也有所減小，並且腹部的肌肉有明顯的增加。其中一位患者(輕微肥胖者)的脂肪減少了1.2%，腰圍減少了0.7公分，而肌肉增加了1公斤。第二位患者的身體脂肪減少了0.2%，腰圍減少了 1.3公分，體重也減輕了1.7公斤。同時肌肉也增加了，這使到他的腹部的脂肪減少了0.4%。由此可見，這類瘦身方法對減少腹部脂肪似乎有效。所以，這方面的調查和研究需要更多的工作。接下來希望進行更廣泛，更大規模的研究。

scholarly journals Association between changes in fat distribution and biomarkers for breast cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemijn A van Gemert ◽  
Evelyn M Monninkhof ◽  
Anne M May ◽  
Sjoerd G Elias ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

We assessed the associations between changes in total and abdominal fat and changes in biomarkers for breast cancer risk using data of the SHAPE-2 trial. In the SHAPE-2 trial, 243 postmenopausal overweight women were included. The intervention in this trial consisted of 5-6 kg weight loss either by diet only or exercise plus diet. After 16 weeks, we measured serum sex hormones, inflammatory markers, total body fat (measured by DEXA scan) and intra and subcutaneous abdominal fat (measured by MRI). Associations between changes in different body fat depots and biomarkers were analysed by linear regression using the study cohort irrespective of randomisation to make maximal use of the distribution of changes in fat measures. We found that a loss in total body fat was associated with favourable changes in free oestradiol, free testosterone, leptin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The loss of intra-abdominal fat was associated with a decrease in free testosterone, hsCRP and leptin, and an increase in SHBG. In the multivariable analysis, the best fitted models for the biomarkers free oestradiol, SHBG leptin and adiponectin included only total body fat. For free testosterone, this was subcutaneous abdominal fat, and for hsCRP and IL-6, only intra-abdominal fat change was important. For IL-6 and adiponectin, however, associations were weak and not significant. We conclude that, in our population of healthy overweight postmenopausal women, loss of fat at different body locations was associated with changes in different types of biomarkers, known to be related to risk of breast cancer.

567 TOTAL BODY FAT AND ABDOMINAL FAT RELATED TO COMPOSITE RISK FACTOR SCORE FOR CVD IN YOUNGER CHILDREN

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
M. Dencker ◽  
O. Thorsson ◽  
M.K. Karlsson ◽  
C. Lindén ◽  
P. Wollmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Factor Score ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Risk Factor Score
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document