scholarly journals Effects of Traditional Kampo Drugs and Their Constituent Crude Drugs on Influenza Virus Replication In Vitro: Suppression of Viral Protein Synthesis by Glycyrrhizae Radix

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Toshihito Nomura ◽  
Masaya Fukushi ◽  
Kosuke Oda ◽  
Akifumi Higashiura ◽  
Takashi Irie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Viral Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glycyrrhizae Radix ◽  
Influenza Virus Replication ◽  
Crude Drugs

An influenza virus epidemic is an important issue in public hygiene, and continuous development on an effective drug is required. Kampo medicine is a traditional medicine that is used clinically for treatment of various diseases in Japan and other East Asian countries. We evaluated the effects of the Kampo drugs maoto, kakkonto, senkyuchachosan, jinkokato, and bakumondoto, which are prescribed for treatment of respiratory symptoms including symptoms caused by influenza, on influenza virus replication in cultured cells. Culture media of influenza virus-infected MDCK(+) cells were tested for hemagglutination and infectivity at 24 h after the addition of Kampo drugs at various concentrations, and four of the five Kampo drugs were found to inhibit virus release to the culture media. These drugs inactivated virus infectivity not by acting on virus particles but by acting on virus-infected cells. In addition, when six crude drugs (Atractylodis lanceae rhizome, Citri unshiu pericarpium, Cnidii rhizome, Glycyrrhizae radix, Rehmanniae radix, and Saposhnikoviae radix) that constitute the effective Kampo drugs were examined, the strongest activity was found for Glycyrrhizae radix (IC50 = 0.27 mg/ml), which selectively suppressed viral protein synthesis. Since Glycyrrhizae radix is contained in many Kampo drugs, it may give anti-influenza virus activity to a broad range of Kampo drugs.

scholarly journals The K526R substitution in viral protein PB2 enhances the effects of E627K on influenza virus replication

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Song ◽  
Pui Wang ◽  
Bobo Wing-Yee Mok ◽  
Siu-Ying Lau ◽  
Xiaofeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Influenza Virus Replication

scholarly journals Asparagine Is a Critical Limiting Metabolite for Vaccinia Virus Protein Synthesis during Glutamine Deprivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Pant ◽  
Shuai Cao ◽  
Zhilong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Protein Synthesis ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Efficient Replication

ABSTRACTViruses actively interact with host metabolism because viral replication relies on host cells to provide nutrients and energy. Vaccinia virus (VACV; the prototype poxvirus) prefers glutamine to glucose for efficient replication to the extent that VACV replication is hindered in glutamine-free medium. Remarkably, our data show that VACV replication can be fully rescued from glutamine depletion by asparagine supplementation. By global metabolic profiling, as well as genetic and chemical manipulation of the asparagine supply, we provide evidence demonstrating that the production of asparagine, which exclusively requires glutamine for biosynthesis, accounts for VACV’s preference of glutamine to glucose rather than glutamine’s superiority over glucose in feeding the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Furthermore, we show that sufficient asparagine supply is required for efficient VACV protein synthesis. Our study highlights that the asparagine supply, the regulation of which has been evolutionarily tailored in mammalian cells, presents a critical barrier to VACV replication due to a high asparagine content of viral proteins and a rapid demand of viral protein synthesis. The identification of asparagine availability as a critical limiting factor for efficient VACV replication suggests a new direction of antiviral strategy development.IMPORTANCEViruses rely on their infected host cells to provide nutrients and energy for replication. Vaccinia virus, the prototypic member of the poxviruses, which comprise many significant human and animal pathogens, prefers glutamine to glucose for efficient replication. Here, we show that the preference is not because glutamine is superior to glucose as the carbon source to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle for vaccinia virus replication. Rather interestingly, the preference is because the asparagine supply for efficient viral protein synthesis becomes limited in the absence of glutamine, which is necessary for asparagine biosynthesis. We provide further genetic and chemical evidence to demonstrate that asparagine availability plays a critical role in efficient vaccinia virus replication. This discovery identifies a weakness of vaccinia virus and suggests a possible direction to intervene in poxvirus infection.

scholarly journals Bortezomib inhibits chikungunya virus replication by interfering with viral protein synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0008336
Author(s):  
Parveen Kaur ◽  
Laura Sandra Lello ◽  
Age Utt ◽  
Sujit Krishna Dutta ◽  
Andres Merits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Viral Protein Synthesis

scholarly journals Targeting Cell Division Cycle 25 Homolog B To Regulate Influenza Virus Replication

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (24) ◽  
pp. 13775-13784 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Perwitasari ◽  
A. C. Torrecilhas ◽  
X. Yan ◽  
S. Johnson ◽  
C. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Cell Division Cycle ◽  
Influenza Virus Replication
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