scholarly journals A Heterogeneous IoV Architecture for Data Forwarding in Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Husnain Raza Sherazi ◽  
Zuhaib Ashfaq Khan ◽  
Razi Iqbal ◽  
Shahzad Rizwan ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Seamless Connectivity ◽  
Vehicle To Infrastructure

The Internet of vehicles (IoV) is a newly emerged wave that converges Internet of things (IoT) into vehicular networks to benefit from ubiquitous Internet connectivity. Despite various research efforts, vehicular networks are still striving to achieve higher data rate, seamless connectivity, scalability, security, and improved quality of service, which are the key enablers for IoV. It becomes even more critical to investigate novel design architectures to accomplish efficient and reliable data forwarding when it comes to handling the emergency communication infrastructure in the presence of natural epidemics. The article proposes a heterogeneous network architecture incorporating multiple wireless interfaces (e.g., wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE), long-range wireless fidelity (WiFi), and fourth generation/long-term evolution (4G/LTE)) installed on the on-board units, exploiting the radio over fiber approach to establish a context-aware network connectivity. This heterogeneous network architecture attempts to meet the requirements of pervasive connectivity for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to make them scalable and adaptable for IoV supporting a range of emergency services. The architecture employs the Best Interface Selection (BIS) algorithm to always ensure reliable communication through the best available wireless interface to support seamless connectivity required for efficient data forwarding in vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication successfully avoiding the single point of failure. Moreover, the simulation results clearly argue about the suitability of the proposed architecture in IoV environment coping with different types of applications against individual wireless technologies.

Clustering and 5G-Enabled Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1012-1050
Author(s):  
Irina Tal ◽  
Gabriel-Miro Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Hoc Networks

This chapter highlights the importance of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) in the context of the 5G-enabled smarter cities and roads, a topic that attracts significant interest. In order for VANETs and its associated applications to become a reality, a very promising avenue is to bring together multiple wireless technologies in the architectural design. 5G is envisioned to have a heterogeneous network architecture. Clustering is employed in designing optimal VANET architectures that successfully use different technologies. Therefore, clustering has the potential to play an important role in the 5G-VANET-enabled solutions. This chapter presents a survey of clustering approaches in the VANET research area. The survey provides a general classification of the clustering algorithms, presents some of the most advanced and latest algorithms in VANETs, and it is among the fewest works in the literature that reviews the performance assessment of clustering algorithms.

Clustering and 5G-Enabled Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Tal ◽  
Gabriel-Miro Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Hoc Networks

This chapter highlights the importance of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) in the context of the 5G-enabled smarter cities and roads, a topic that attracts significant interest. In order for VANETs and its associated applications to become a reality, a very promising avenue is to bring together multiple wireless technologies in the architectural design. 5G is envisioned to have a heterogeneous network architecture. Clustering is employed in designing optimal VANET architectures that successfully use different technologies. Therefore, clustering has the potential to play an important role in the 5G-VANET-enabled solutions. This chapter presents a survey of clustering approaches in the VANET research area. The survey provides a general classification of the clustering algorithms, presents some of the most advanced and latest algorithms in VANETs, and it is among the fewest works in the literature that reviews the performance assessment of clustering algorithms.

scholarly journals On Blockchain-Enhanced Secure Data Storage and Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Kyung-Hyune Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Secure Data

The conventional architecture of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with a centralized approach has difficulty overcoming the increasing complexity of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications as well as challenges in providing large amounts of data storage, trust management, and information security. Therefore, vehicular edge computing networks (VECNets) have emerged to provide massive storage resources with powerful computing on network edges. However, a centralized server in VECNets is insufficient due to potential data leakage and security risks as it can still allow a single point of failure (SPoF). We propose consortium blockchain and smart contracts to ensure a trustworthy environment for secure data storage and sharing in the system to address these challenges. Practical byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) is utilized because it is suitable for consortium blockchain to audit publicly, store data sharing, and records the whole consensus process. It can defend against system failures with or without symptoms to reach an agreement among consensus participants. Furthermore, we use an incentive mechanism to motivate the vehicle to contribute and honestly share their data. The simulation results satisfy the proposed model’s design goals by increasing vehicular networks’ performance in general.

scholarly journals Application of intelligent orienteering based on Internet of things

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghui Zhang ◽  
Ruijie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Signal Stability ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract Orienteering has gradually changed from a professional sport to a civilian sport. Especially in recent years, orienteering has been widely popularized. Many colleges and universities in China have also set up this course. With the improvement of people’s living conditions, orienteering has really become a leisure sport in modern people’s life. The reduced difficulty of sports enables more people to participate, but it also exposes a series of problems. As the existing positioning technology is relatively backward, the progress in personnel tracking, emergency services, and other aspects is slow. To solve these problems, a new intelligent orienteering application system is developed based on the Internet of things. ZigBee network architecture is adopted in the system. ZigBee is the mainstream scheme in the current wireless sensor network technology, which has many advantages such as convenient carrying, low power consumption, and signal stability. Due to the complex communication environment in mobile signal, the collected information is processed by signal amplification and signal anti-interference technology. By adding anti-interference devices, video isolators and other devices, the signal is guaranteed to the maximum extent. In order to verify the actual effect of this system, through a number of experimental studies including the relationship between error and traffic radius and the relationship between coverage and the number of anchor nodes, the data shows that the scheme studied in this paper has a greater improvement in comprehensive performance than the traditional scheme, significantly improving the accuracy and coverage. Especially the coverage is close to 100% in the simulation experiment. This research has achieved good results and can be widely used in orienteering training and competition.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Application of Deep Learning in the Detection and Mitigation of DDOS Attack on SDN Controllers

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
James Dzisi Gadze ◽  
Akua Acheampomaa Bamfo-Asante ◽  
Justice Owusu Agyemang ◽  
Henry Nunoo-Mensah ◽  
Kwasi Adu-Boahen Opare
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Ddos Attack ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Proposed Model

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new paradigm that revolutionizes the idea of a software-driven network through the separation of control and data planes. It addresses the problems of traditional network architecture. Nevertheless, this brilliant architecture is exposed to several security threats, e.g., the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, which is hard to contain in such software-based networks. The concept of a centralized controller in SDN makes it a single point of attack as well as a single point of failure. In this paper, deep learning-based models, long-short term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN), are investigated. It illustrates their possibility and efficiency in being used in detecting and mitigating DDoS attack. The paper focuses on TCP, UDP, and ICMP flood attacks that target the controller. The performance of the models was evaluated based on the accuracy, recall, and true negative rate. We compared the performance of the deep learning models with classical machine learning models. We further provide details on the time taken to detect and mitigate the attack. Our results show that RNN LSTM is a viable deep learning algorithm that can be applied in the detection and mitigation of DDoS in the SDN controller. Our proposed model produced an accuracy of 89.63%, which outperformed linear-based models such as SVM (86.85%) and Naive Bayes (82.61%). Although KNN, which is a linear-based model, outperformed our proposed model (achieving an accuracy of 99.4%), our proposed model provides a good trade-off between precision and recall, which makes it suitable for DDoS classification. In addition, it was realized that the split ratio of the training and testing datasets can give different results in the performance of a deep learning algorithm used in a specific work. The model achieved the best performance when a split of 70/30 was used in comparison to 80/20 and 60/40 split ratios.

scholarly journals TBD: Trajectory-Based Data Forwarding for Light-Traffic Vehicular Networks

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Jeong ◽  
Shuo Guo ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Tian He ◽  
David Du
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Light Traffic

scholarly journals A Cooperative Communication Protocol for QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11p/Wave Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Woo Kim ◽  
Jae-Wan Kim ◽  
Dong-Keun Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
The Road ◽  
Free Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide information and entertainment to drivers for safe and enjoyable driving. Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is designed for VANETs to provide services efficiently. In particular, infotainment services are crucial to leverage market penetration and deployment costs of the WAVE standard. However, a low presence of infrastructure results in a shadow zone on the road and a link disconnection. The link disconnection is an obstacle to providing safety and infotainment services and becomes an obstacle to the deployment of the WAVE standard. In this paper, we propose a cooperative communication protocol to reduce performance degradation due to frequent link disconnection in the road environment. The proposed protocol provides contention-free data delivery by the coordination of roadside units (RSUs) and can provide the network QoS. The proposed protocol is shown to enhance throughput and delay through the simulation.

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