scholarly journals Goji Berries as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Their Molecular Mechanisms of Action

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Feei Ma ◽  
Hongxia Zhang ◽  
Sue Siang Teh ◽  
Chee Woon Wang ◽  
Yutong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Goji Berries ◽  
Insight Into

Goji berries (Lycium fruits) are usually found in Asia, particularly in northwest regions of China. Traditionally, dried goji berries are cooked before they are consumed. They are commonly used in Chinese soups and as herbal tea. Moreover, goji berries are used for the production of tincture, wine, and juice. Goji berries are high antioxidant potential fruits which alleviate oxidative stress to confer many health protective benefits such as preventing free radicals from damaging DNA, lipids, and proteins. Therefore, the aim of the review was to focus on the bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of goji berries including their molecular mechanisms of action. The health benefits of goji berries include enhancing hemopoiesis, antiradiation, antiaging, anticancer, improvement of immunity, and antioxidation. There is a better protection through synergistic and additive effects in fruits and herbal products from a complex mixture of phytochemicals when compared to one single phytochemical.

Title- Role of herbal products in curing Vitiligo

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Pratik Talukder ◽  
Tiasha Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Destruction Of Melanocytes

Plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites which serve them as defence compounds against herbivores, and other plants and microbes, but also as signal compounds. In general, secondary metabolites exhibit a wide array of biological and pharmacological properties. Because of this, some plants or products isolated from them have been and are still used to treat infections, health disorders or diseases. Vitiligo is a skin disorder that is caused due to oxidative stress in the body resulting in the destruction of melanocytes, which are the cells responsible for the pigmentation of the skin. On their destruction the skin gets depigmented resulting in patches of skin losing their colour. In this review we focus on how plant based herbal products help in curing vitiligo.

scholarly journals Chronic and Acute Toxicities of Aflatoxins: Mechanisms of Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreddine Benkerroum
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
And Control

There are presently more than 18 known aflatoxins most of which have been insufficiently studied for their incidence, health-risk, and mechanisms of toxicity to allow effective intervention and control means that would significantly and sustainably reduce their incidence and adverse effects on health and economy. Among these, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been by far the most studied; yet, many aspects of the range and mechanisms of the diseases it causes remain to be elucidated. Its mutagenicity, tumorigenicity, and carcinogenicity—which are the best known—still suffer from limitations regarding the relative contribution of the oxidative stress and the reactive epoxide derivative (Aflatoxin-exo 8,9-epoxide) in the induction of the diseases, as well as its metabolic and synthesis pathways. Additionally, despite the well-established additive effects for carcinogenicity between AFB1 and other risk factors, e.g., hepatitis viruses B and C, and the hepatotoxic algal microcystins, the mechanisms of this synergy remain unclear. This study reviews the most recent advances in the field of the mechanisms of toxicity of aflatoxins and the adverse health effects that they cause in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Portulaca oleraceaL.: A Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Xi Zhou ◽  
Hai-Liang Xin ◽  
Khalid Rahman ◽  
Su-Juan Wang ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Anticancer Activities

Portulaca oleraceaL., belonging to the Portulacaceae family, is commonly known as purslane in English and Ma-Chi-Xian in Chinese. It is a warm-climate, herbaceous succulent annual plant with a cosmopolitan distribution. It is eaten extensively as a potherb and added in soups and salads around the Mediterranean and tropical Asian countries and has been used as a folk medicine in many countries. Diverse compounds have been isolated fromPortulaca oleracea, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols, proteins vitamins and minerals.Portulaca oleraceapossesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, and anticancer activities. However, few molecular mechanisms of action are known. This review provides a summary of phytochemistry and pharmacological effects of this plant.

Ellagic Acid: A Logical Lead for Drug Development?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Shakeri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zirak ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Subject

Background: Naturally occurring polyphenols are the subject of increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant activity and their marked effects on the prevention of various oxidative stress-associated diseases such as cancer. Ellagic acid (EA) is an herbal polyphenol that is structurally a condensed dimer of gallic acid. Methods: This review aims to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the biological activities of EA and potential therapeutic applications. Results: EA is found in fruits and nuts, either in the combined form with hexahydroxydiphenic acid or in the bound form (ellagitannins). EA exhibits many biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anticancer and apoptosis-inducing activities. These biological and pharmacological properties are relevant to the treatment of several human diseases. Conclusion: Owing to its multiple mechanisms of action, EA represents a potential therapeutic agent against human diseases particularly cancer.

Insight into a neuron's preferential susceptibility to oxidative stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1541-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen F.S. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Insight Into

Neurons are more vulnerable to oxidative stress than astrocytes, the reasons for which have yet to be fully elucidated. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms which contribute to this enhanced vulnerability is key to efforts aimed at ameliorating neuronal health and resilience to oxidative stress, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons specifically, and in which oxidative stress is considered a central aetiological contributor. Biological factors which may influence neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress, in normal and neurodegenerative contexts, are reviewed in the present article, with a focus on properties intrinsic to the neuronal cell type and on properties related to neuronal reliance on surrounding astrocytes.

scholarly journals Discovery of an ene-reductase for initiating flavone and flavonol catabolism in gut bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaohua Yang ◽  
Sen Hong ◽  
Pengjie Yang ◽  
Yuwei Sun ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Personalized Nutrition ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Microbial Consumption ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractGut microbial transformations of flavonoids, an enormous class of polyphenolic compounds abundant in plant-based diets, are closely associated with human health. However, the enzymes that initiate the gut microbial metabolism of flavones and flavonols, the two most abundant groups of flavonoids, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we discovered a flavone reductase (FLR) from the gut bacterium, Flavonifractor plautii ATCC 49531 (originally assigned as Clostridium orbiscindens DSM 6740), which specifically catalyses the hydrogenation of the C2–C3 double bond of flavones/flavonols and initiates their metabolism as a key step. Crystal structure analysis revealed the molecular basis for the distinct catalytic property of FLR. Notably, FLR and its widespread homologues represent a class of ene-reductases that has not been previously identified. Genetic and biochemical analyses further indicated the importance of FLR in gut microbial consumption of dietary and medicinal flavonoids, providing broader insight into gut microbial xenobiotic transformations and possible guidance for personalized nutrition and medicine.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Potential of Silymarin against CNS Disorders: Insight into the Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms of Action

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupom Borah ◽  
Rajib Paul ◽  
Sabanum Choudhury ◽  
Amarendranath Choudhury ◽  
Bornalee Bhuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Natural Xanthones and Skin Inflammatory Diseases: Multitargeting Mechanisms of Action and Potential Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Vivien Gunter ◽  
Soek Sin Teh ◽  
Yang Mooi Lim ◽  
Siau Hui Mah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The pathogenesis of skin inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, and skin cancers generally involve the generation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Exposure of the skin to external aggressors such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation and xenobiotics induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which subsequently activates immune responses and causes immunological aberrations. Hence, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents were considered to be potential compounds to treat skin inflammatory diseases. A prime example of such compounds is xanthone (xanthene-9-one), a class of natural compounds that possess a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and chemotherapeutic effects. Many studies reported various mechanisms of action by xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. These mechanisms of action commonly involve the modulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Other mechanisms of action include the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, besides immune cell recruitment via modulation of chemokines, activation, and infiltration. Moreover, disease-specific activity contributed by xanthones, such as antibacterial action against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis for acne treatment, and numerous cytotoxic mechanisms involving pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects for skin cancer treatment have been extensively elucidated. Furthermore, xanthones have been reported to modulate pathways responsible for mediating oxidative stress and inflammation such as PPAR, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and prostaglandin cascades. These pathways were also implicated in skin inflammatory diseases. Xanthones including the prenylated α-mangostin (2) and γ-mangostin (3), glucosylated mangiferin (4) and the caged xanthone gambogic acid (8) are potential lead compounds to be further developed into pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases. Future studies on the structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, and applications of xanthones for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases are thus highly recommended.

Exploring the Chemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Triazoles: A Comprehensive Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1298-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Jain ◽  
Poonam Piplani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Common

: Triazole is a valuable platform in medicinal chemistry, possessing assorted pharmacological properties, which could play a major role in the common mechanisms associated with various disorders like cancer, infections, inflammation, convulsions, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Structural modification of this scaffold could be helpful in the generation of new therapeutically useful agents. Although research endeavors are moving towards the growth of synthetic analogs of triazole, there is still a lot of scope to achieve drug discovery break-through in this area. Upcoming therapeutic prospective of this moiety has captured the attention of medicinal chemists to synthesize novel triazole derivatives. The authors amalgamated the chemistry, synthetic strategies and detailed pharmacological activities of the triazole nucleus in the present review. Information regarding the marketed triazole derivatives has also been incorporated. The objective of the review is to provide insights to designing and synthesizing novel triazole derivatives with advanced and unexplored pharmacological implications.

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