scholarly journals Novel Design Method for Bus Approach Lanes with Bus Guidance and Priority Controls for Prioritizing Through and Left-Turn Buses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shijie Shu ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yin Han
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
Priority Method ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Novel Design

Transit priority is a useful way of improving transit operations in urban networks. However, the through and left-turn buses are rarely prioritized simultaneously at isolated intersections in the existing studies. This paper presents a variable bus approach lane design with a bus guidance and priority control model, which can reduce the delay of both the through and left-turn buses. The variable bus approach lanes can be dynamically used for the through and left-turn buses during the various periods of a signal cycle by the integrated design of geometric layouts and signal timing. A detailed bus guidance and priority control optimization model is formulated to guide the buses entering the appropriate bus approach lanes, and it provides optimal signal priorities for buses. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a case study and numerical experiments. The results show that, on average, the total passenger delay can be reduced by 5% for every 30 veh/h and 40 veh/h increase in the volume of through buses and left-turn buses, respectively. Moreover, a comparison between the proposed method and the conventional transit priority method reveals that significant improvements can be made in reducing delays using the proposed method even at intersections with high degree of the saturation.

INTEGRATED DESIGN FOR FLOOD RISK AND SPATIAL QUALITY—EXAMPLES FROM THE DUTCH DELTA PROGRAMME

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-184
Author(s):  
Anne Loes Nillesen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Safe Place ◽  
Delta Programme ◽  
Spatial Quality ◽  
Dutch Delta ◽  
Risk Protection

INTRODUCTION The Netherlands faces a significant flood risk task. In order to remain a safe place to live the Netherlands has to upgrade its extensive flood risk protection system. This results in an elevation and reinforcement task for many of the Netherlands water barriers. When those barriers are positioned in an open landscape, the technical reinforcement is often easy to embed specially. However, many barriers have been built over the years making the reinforcement into a challenging spatial assignment. This article shows different case study examples of a research by design study (performed in the broader context of the Dutch Delta programme) that explores integral design solutions for flood risk and spatial (re)development. The Houston Galveston Bay case study demonstrates the international applicability of the research by design method.

Design Method for Lattice-Skin Structure Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Tang ◽  
Yaoyao Fiona Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Mapping Function ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Parameter Distribution ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Novel Design

Parts with complex geometry structure can be produced by AM without significant increase of fabrication time and cost. One application of AM technology is to fabricate customized lattice-skin structure which can enhance performance of products with less material and less weight. However, most of traditional design methods only focus on design at macro-level with solid structure. Thus, a design method which can generate customized lattice-skin structure for performance improvement and functionality integration is urgently needed. In this paper, a novel design method for lattice-skin structure is proposed. In this design method, FSs and FVs are firstly generated according to FRs. Then, initial design space is created by filling FVs and FSs with selected lattice topology and skin, respectively. In parallel to the second step, initial parameters of lattice-skin structure are calculated based on FRs. Finally, TO method is used to optimize parameter distribution of lattice structure with the help of mapping function between TO’s result and lattice parameters. The design method proposed in this paper is proven to be efficient with case study and provides an important foundation for wide adoption of AM technologies in industry.

Industrial wastewater minimization using water pinch analysis: a case study on an old textile plant

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ujang ◽  
C.L. Wong ◽  
Z.A. Manan
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Pinch Analysis ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Pinch ◽  
Wastewater Generation

Industrial wastewater minimization can be conducted using four main strategies: (i) reuse; (ii) regeneration-reuse; (iii) regeneration-recycling; and (iv) process changes. This study is concerned with (i) and (ii) to investigate the most suitable approach to wastewater minimization for an old textile industry plant. A systematic water networks design using water pinch analysis (WPA) was developed to minimize the water usage and wastewater generation for the textile plant. COD was chosen as the main parameter. An integrated design method has been applied, which brings the engineering insight using WPA that can determine the minimum flowrate of the water usage and then minimize the water consumption and wastewater generation as well. The overall result of this study shows that WPA has been effectively applied using both reuse and regeneration-reuse strategies for the old textile industry plant, and reduced the operating cost by 16% and 50% respectively.

Impacts of Changing from Permissive/Protected Left-Turn to Protected-Only Phasing: Case Study in the City of Tucson, Arizona

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-626
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Alexander Weber ◽  
Adrian Cottam ◽  
Yao-Jan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
The City

Recent research has focused on the safety or mobility impacts of signal timing. Several studies have compared the choice between a protected-only left turn (PO) and a protected-permissive left turn (PPLT). However, few have compared both the safety and mobility impacts, and their tradeoffs. This study proposed data-driven methods to conduct a pilot study at an intersection in Tucson, Arizona. This study evaluated the impacts on vehicular mobility and multi-modal safety when changing from a PPLT to a PO. First, the daily and annual delay for the through and left-turn movements for the intersection was evaluated using a calibrated delay model and year-long 15-min traffic sensor data. Then, real-world near misses between cyclists, pedestrians, and vehicles were manually collected and analyzed using 48 h of videos. Last, both mobility and safety measures were converted into an annual cost to determine the trade-off between the before (PPLT) and the after (PO) situations. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods, providing practitioners with different options to evaluate left-turn phasing strategies effectively and efficiently.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF RUNNING CHEETAH MECHANICAL TOY USING FOUR-BAR LINKAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Adimas Wicaksana
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Position Error ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Four Bar Linkage ◽  
Novel Design

Four-bar is the simplest planar 1-DOF closed loop linkage. It has been studied for centuries for its versatility and simplicity. In this paper a novel design method to obtain a four-bar linkage given a path and its endpoints will be presented. This method will then be applied to a case study of making a model that produces a specified movement based on reference animation. The mechanism obtained had an average root-mean-square of position error of roughly 14.3 pixels for front leg and 25.9 pixels for hind leg. This number is quite small compared to the perimeter of the traced path, which are 530 pixels and 617 pixels for front leg and hind leg respectively. A prototype model of the designed mechanism was fabricated to verify its manufacturing viability and to confirm the correctness of the path generated.

scholarly journals An Innovative Signal Timing Strategy for Implementing Contraflow Left-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections with Split Phasing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6307
Author(s):  
Rongwei Guo ◽  
Jinli Liu ◽  
Yi Qi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Simulation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Current Signal ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Time Requirements

Contraflow Left-Turn Lanes (CLLs) have the potential of being a solution for mitigating congestions at signalized intersections where split phasing is recommended or required. However, the current signal timing strategy for the intersections with CLLs cannot be directly applied at the signalized intersections with split phasing (SIWSP). To address this problem, this study proposed an innovative signal timing strategy, which is referred to as Counterclockwise Split Phasing (CSP) signal timing, for implementing the CLLs at the SIWSPs. A traffic simulation-based case study was conducted and the results indicate that, by using the proposed CSP signal timing plan, CLLs can be implemented at the SIWSP and can significantly reduce the traffic congestions caused by the high left-turn demand at this type of intersection. In addition, since the proposed CSP signal timing design procedure has fully considered the clearance time requirements for the left-turn vehicles on the CLLs, the risk associated with the use of CLLs can be controlled which makes it safe to use this innovative intersection design at SIWSPs.

Signalized Intersection Level of Service Incorporating Safety Risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 1852 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Panos D. Prevedouros
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Service ◽  
Signal Timing ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Comprehensive Level ◽  
Left Turns

A methodology that quantifies potential conflicts between left-turning vehicles and opposing through vehicles and pedestrians is presented. The methodology was based on and designed to be compatible with the Highway Capacity Manual 2000. A model was developed to combine delay and safety to get a comprehensive level-of-service indicator, the delay and safety index (DS). A case study of two intersections shows that if potential conflict is not considered, the signal timing plan with permitted left turns delivers a better level of service than that with protected left turns. However, if potential conflict is considered, the level of service under protected left-turn phasing is better than that under permitted left-turn phasing, according to the DS, when the safety weight factors exceed a certain value. The proposed method models the trade-off between safety and efficiency explicitly and considers both vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-pedestrian conflicts associated with left turns.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Analysis Model of the Length of Added Displaced Left-Turn Lane Based on Entropy Evaluation Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Binghong Pan ◽  
Jinfeng Ying ◽  
Shasha Luo ◽  
Yang Shao ◽  
Shangru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
New Type

As the number of vehicles continues to grow in China, the problem of urban traffic congestion gets more serious, particularly at intersections. As a new type of unconventional intersection, the displaced left-turn (DLT) intersection has been widely recognized to improve the efficiency of intersections with heavy left-turn traffic flows. Converting an existing intersection into an intersection with additional DLT lanes is a valuable solution. However, the studies on DLT intersections mainly focus on performance, applicability, and safety. The guidelines on the specific engineering design process mostly come from experience, and the study on the considering multifactor design method is still insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposed an evaluation and analysis model of the lengths of added DLT lanes based on the entropy evaluation method, in which VISSIM and Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) software were adopted for simulation. A design process for the length of the added DLT lanes was proposed with this model. An urban intersection in Xi’an was taken as a case study, and the application of the model and the design process was studied in detail. After selecting four evaluation indicators, the model was applied to calculate and analyze the optimal length of the added DLT lanes under 45 different traffic volume combinations. The recommended lengths of different situations were within the range recommended in the guidebook published by Federal Highway Administration. The results of the case study proved that the model proposed in this paper was advanced, reasonable, and practical.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN MOBILE (M-LEARNING) BERBASIS ANDROID PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR DAN BANGUN RUANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Tedi Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Rapid Application Development ◽  
User Design ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Application Programs

One example of the growing information technology today is mobile learning, mobile learning which refers to mobile technology as a learning medium. Mobile learning is learning that is unique for each student to access learning materials anywhere, anytime. Mobile learning is suitable as a model of learning for the students to make it easier to get an understanding of a given subject, such as math is pretty complicated and always using formulas.The design method that I use is the case study method, namely, learning, searching and collecting data related to the study. While the development of engineering design software application programs that will be used by the author is the method of Rapid Application Development (RAD), which consists of 4 stages: Requirements Planning Phase, User Design Phase, Construction Phase and Phase Cotuver.

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