scholarly journals Plant Extracts in the Bone Repair Process: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyvia Lopes Miranda ◽  
Vanessa de Paula Guimarães-Lopes ◽  
Luciana Schulthais Altoé ◽  
Mariáurea Matias Sarandy ◽  
Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bone lesions are an important public health problem, with high socioeconomic costs. Bone tissue repair is coordinated by an inflammatory dynamic process mediated by osteoprogenitor cells of the periosteum and endosteum, responsible for the formation of a new bone matrix. Studies using antioxidant products from plants for bone lesion treatment have been growing worldwide. We developed a systematic review to compile the results of works with animal models investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of plant extracts in the treatment of bone lesions and analyze the methodological quality of the studies on this subject. Studies were selected in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the PRISMA statement. The research filters were constructed using three parameters: animal model, bone repair, and plant extracts. 31 full-text articles were recovered from 10 countries. Phytochemical prospecting was reported in 15 studies (48.39%). The most common secondary metabolites were flavonoids, cited in 32.26% studies (n=10). Essential criteria to in vivo animal studies were frequently underreported, suggesting publication bias. The animals treated with plant extracts presented positive results in the osteoblastic proliferation, and consequently, this treatment accelerated osteogenic differentiation and bone callus formation, as well as bone fracture repair. Possibly, these results are associated with antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory power of the extracts. The absence or incomplete characterization of the animal models, treatment protocols, and phytochemical and toxicity analyses impairs the internal validity of the evidence, making it difficult to determine the effectiveness and safety of plant-derived products in bone repair.

scholarly journals Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Their Neuroprotective Role After an Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Animal Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822090168
Author(s):  
Mark J. Lambrechts ◽  
James L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Improve Motor Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Study Design: Systematic review. Objective: Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) resulting in motor deficits can be devastating injuries resulting in millions of health care dollars spent per incident. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a potential class of drugs that could improve motor function after an SCI. This systematic review utilizes PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the effectiveness of NSAIDs for SCI. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus were reviewed linking the keywords of “ibuprofen,” “meloxicam,” “naproxen,” “ketorolac,” “indomethacin,” “celecoxib,” “ATB-346,” “NSAID,” and “nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug” with “spinal.” Results were reviewed for relevance and included if they met inclusion criteria. The SYRCLE checklist was used to assess sources of bias. Results: A total of 2960 studies were identified in the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the above-mentioned search criteria. A total of 461 abstracts were reviewed in Scopus, 340 in CINAHL, 179 in PsycINFO, and 7632 in Embase. A total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: NSAIDs’ effectiveness after SCI is largely determined by its ability to inhibit Rho-A. NSAIDs are a promising therapeutic option in acute SCI patients because they appear to decrease cord edema and inflammation, increase axonal sprouting, and improve motor function with minimal side effects. Studies are limited by heterogeneity, small sample size, and the use of animal models, which might not replicate the therapeutic effects in humans. There are no published human studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of these drugs after a traumatic cord injury. There is a need for well-designed prospective studies evaluating ibuprofen or indomethacin after adult spinal cord injuries.

scholarly journals Comparative therapeutic use of Risedronate and Calcarea phosphorica - allopathy versus homeopathy - in bone repair in castrated rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Werkman ◽  
Giselle Segnini Senra ◽  
Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha ◽  
Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck Brandão
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Defect Area ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Made In

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by progressive bone loss, has been the target of several studies in the past few years. It results in a much higher risk for fractures and might cause slower bone lesion healing. The aim of this work was to study the effects of Risedronate (allopathic medicine) and Calcarea phosphorica 6CH (homeopathic medicine) on the repair of bone lesions in male rats with osteoporosis induced by castration. Eighty-four three-month-old rats were used divided into four groups of twenty-one animals each. Three groups where castrated and one group was submitted to Sham surgery. One month later, cortical lesions were made in all animals' tibiae and, after one day, the different experimental treatments began according to the following groups: CR - castrated/Risedronate (1 mg/kg/day); CCp - castrated/Calcarea phosphorica 6CH (3 drops/day); CP - castrated/placebo and SP - Sham/placebo. The animals were sacrificed at seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days after the beginning of the treatments and had their tibiae removed. Digital radiographs of the tibiae were taken and analyzed in order to evaluate the optical density of the defect area. Then, they were decalcified and processed for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. The data were submitted to ANOVA, and to the Tukey and Dunnett tests (5%). The allopathic and homeopathic treatments led to different bone formation as regards remodeling and maturation aspects. Further research is necessary to access the resistance and quality of the newly formed bone.

scholarly journals Animal Models as Tools to Investigate Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eddouks ◽  
Debprasad Chattopadhyay ◽  
Naoufel Ali Zeggwagh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Materials Used

Plants have been historically used for diabetes treatment and related anti-inflammatory activity throughout the world; few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Recently, a large diversity of animal models has been developed for better understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its underlying inflammatory mechanism and new drugs have been introduced in the market to treat this disease. The aim of this work is to review the available animal models of diabetes and anti-inflammatory activity along with somein vitromodels which have been used as tools to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with potential antidiabetic properties and related anti-inflammatory mechanism. At present, the rigorous procedures for evaluation of conventional antidiabetic medicines have rarely been applied to test raw plant materials used as traditional treatments for diabetes; and natural products, mainly derived from plants, have been tested in chemically induced diabetes model. This paper contributes to design new strategies for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs and its related inflammatory activity in order to treat this serious condition which represents a global public health problem.

scholarly journals Effects of alendronate in bone repair: A study in rat femur fractures treated with plates and screws

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Tiboni ◽  
Suyany Gabriely Weiss ◽  
Jennifer Tsi Gerber ◽  
Arieli Carini Michels ◽  
Thais Grupp da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Fracture ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Femur Fractures ◽  
Callus Region ◽  
Bone Callus

Abstract Background Alendronate (ALN) has direct action on bone metabolism, increasing osteogenesis and decreasing bone resorption. The study rated the effect of ALN on femoral fracture repair and the effect of different doses of the drug on the liver and kidneys. Methods Wistar rats were divided into groups: A1 (ALN 1 mg/kg), A2 (ALN 3 mg/kg), and C (saline solution). The drug/solution was applied intraperitoneally three times a week after femoral fracture until euthanasia 45 days later. Results Liver analysis from group A1 presented normal histological aspects, while hepatic steatosis was observed in group A2. In groups A1 and A2, kidneys showed amylocymile like cell degeneration. In femur bone callus, no difference was observed in collagens I and III or in number of trabeculae (p ≥ 0.05). Immunohistochemical evaluation showed positivity for the Transforming Grow Factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) marker in the control group, in spinal area and in small chondrocytes, but negativity for hypertrophy. In A1, an extensive area of cartilaginous expansion was observed, with positive hypertrophic TGFβ-1 cartilage, even in areas with bone matrix. A low positivity was observed in the medullar area, in contrast to the control. Group A2 presented a high number of chondroid matrices and a moderate number of TGFβ-1 cells, with little positivity in medullary area. Conclusions A dosage of ALN 1 mg/kg promotes cellular differentiation activity in the bone callus region, with mild damage in the liver and kidneys. A dosage of ALN 3 mg/kg became toxic without positive alterations in cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Bone marrow aspirate: a viable source of stem cells for bone regeneration. A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e94101119265
Author(s):  
Carolina dos Santos Santinoni ◽  
Yara Loyanne de Almeida Silva Levi ◽  
João Paulo Pelágio Toneto ◽  
João Augusto Cazuza ◽  
Luciana Prado Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Ridge Augmentation

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to enhance bone repair in humans. Comprehensive survey of ramdomized clinical trials published up to June 2021 and listed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Two reviewers independently searched eligible studies, made a final article selection, and extracted the data of the selected studies to evaluate it qualitatively. Overall, 13 studies were included in the review. Experimental models involved Posttraumatical aseptic nonunions of long bones of the upper limb, alveolar ridges following tooth extraction, atrophic mandibular fracture, benign bone lesions, bilateral tibial lengthening, fracture of intracapsular neck femur, maxillary horizontal ridge augmentation, non-traumatic femoral head necrosis, and sinus maxillary augmentation. The analyses included radiography, tomography, biopsies, and clinical evaluations. Ten studies reported enahanced bone formation (primary outcome) with combined use or not of BMA with other biomaterials and three studies found no benefit resulting from the use of BMA to treat bony defects. Secundary outcomes related to the healing process were also evaluated and positive, such as postoperative complications and pain visual analogue score. Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that BMA can improve the early stages of bone healing process.

scholarly journals Biodegradable metals for bone fracture repair in animal models: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazhen Zhang ◽  
Zhizhong Shang ◽  
Yanbiao Jiang ◽  
Kui Zhang ◽  
Xinggang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Resorbable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Metals

Abstract Biodegradable metals hold promises for bone fracture repair. Their clinical translation requires pre-clinical evaluations including animal studies, which demonstrate the safety and performance of such materials prior to clinical trials. This evidence-based study investigates and analyzes the performance of bone fractures repair as well as degradation properties of biodegradable metals in animal models. Data were carefully collected after identification of population, interventions, comparisons, outcomes and study design, as well as inclusion criteria combining biodegradable metals and animal study. Twelve publications on pure Mg, Mg alloys and Zn alloys were finally included and reviewed after extraction from a collected database of 2122 publications. Compared to controls of traditional non-degradable metals or resorbable polymers, biodegradable metals showed mixed or contradictory outcomes of fracture repair and degradation in animal models. Although quantitative meta-analysis cannot be conducted because of the data heterogeneity, this systematic review revealed that the quality of evidence for biodegradable metals to repair bone fractures in animal models is ‘very low’. Recommendations to standardize the animal studies of biodegradable metals were proposed. Evidence-based biomaterials research could help to both identify reliable scientific evidence and ensure future clinical translation of biodegradable metals for bone fracture repair.

scholarly journals Periapical Repair Following Endodontic Surgery: Two- and Three-Dimensional Imaging Evaluation Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Gouveia Jorge ◽  
Mario Tanomaru-Filho ◽  
Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru ◽  
José Maurício dos Santos Nunes Reis ◽  
Rubens Spin-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Endodontic Surgery ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference

This study quantitatively assessed the periapical bone repair following endodontic surgery, using planimetric evaluation based on two- (conventional and digital intraoral radiographic images - IRs) and three-dimensional (cone beam computed tomography - CBCT) evaluation. Eleven maxillary anterior teeth (of 11 patients) with periapical bone lesions and indication for surgical endodontic treatment were selected. IRs and CBCT images were acquired before the endodontic surgery, and 48 h, 4, and 8-months after the surgery. In each period of evaluation, the area (mm2) of the bone lesion was measured in the images, and the values for the three methods were compared. The area in the CBCT images was measured in the mesio-distal sections comprising the largest diameter of the lesion. Data were submitted to repeated measures 2-way ANOVA and t-tests with Bonferroni correction. There was significant difference between the periods of evaluation (p=0.002) regarding the assessed periapical bone lesion area. There was no statistically significant difference between the methods of evaluation (p=0.023). In the CBCT images the lesion areas were 10% larger than those observed in the conventional IRs (22.84 mm2) and 15% larger than those observed in the digital IRs (21.48 mm2). From the baseline (40.12 mm2) to 4 (20.06 mm2) and 8-months (9.40 mm2), reductions of 50 and 77% in the lesion area, respectively, were observed (p<0.0001). From 4 to 8-months, this value was 53%. Progressive bone repair could be seen from 48h to 8-months following endodontic surgery based on two- (conventional and digital IRs) and three-dimensional (CBCT) evaluation. CBCT images provided results similar to those assessed by means of IRs.

Localization of 99mTc-Diphosphonates in Newly Formed Bone Matrix as a Measure of Bone Lesion Detectability

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Krause ◽  
G. Umbach ◽  
T. Wolff ◽  
C. Schuemichen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Lesion Detectability ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Methylene Diphosphonate

The lesion-to-normal-bone ratios of DBA-MDP (dibutylamino-methylene-diphosphonate), DPD (dicarboxypropane-diphosphonate) and MDP (methylene-diphosphonate) each labeled with 99mTc, were evaluated in experimental bone lesions. In 3-day old lesions this ratio was increased twofold for DBA-MDP in comparison with MDP and DPD which showed nearly equal ratios. Later on these differences became negligibly small. It is concluded that 99mTc-DBA-MDP is fixed more strongly in the immature bone matrix and that this will lead to an improvement in the detectability of lesions containing larger amounts of immature bone matrix.

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