scholarly journals Advances in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering: Materials Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feras Alshomer ◽  
Camilo Chaves ◽  
Deepak M. Kalaskar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Ligament Tissue Engineering

Introduction. Tendons are specialised, heterogeneous connective tissues, which represent a significant healthcare challenge after injury. Primary surgical repair is the gold standard modality of care; however, it is highly dependent on the extent of injuries. Tissue engineering represents an alternative solution for good tissue integration and regeneration. In this review, we look at the advanced biomaterial composites employed to improve cellular growth while providing appropriate mechanical properties for tendon and ligament repair. Methodology. Comprehensive literature searches focused on advanced composite biomaterials for tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Studies were categorised depending on the application. Results. In the literature, a range of natural and/or synthetic materials have been combined to produce composite scaffolds tendon and ligament tissue engineering. In vitro and in vivo assessment demonstrate promising cellular integration with sufficient mechanical strength. The biological properties were improved with the addition of growth factors within the composite materials. Most in vivo studies were completed in small-scale animal models. Conclusions. Advanced composite materials represent a promising solution to the challenges associated with tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Nevertheless, these approaches still demonstrate limitations, including the necessity of larger-scale animal models to ease future clinical translation and comprehensive assessment of tissue response after implantation.

In Vivo Matrix Production by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Seeded on PLGA Scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3109-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floor van Eijk ◽  
Daniel B.F. Saris ◽  
Natalja E. Fedorovich ◽  
Moyo C. Kruyt ◽  
W. Jaap Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Matrix Production ◽  
Ligament Tissue Engineering

scholarly journals Development of a composite acellular tissue graft for musculoskeletal tissue engineering

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarah Elizabeth Smith
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Musculoskeletal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Composite Grafts ◽  
Acellular Tissue

A composite acellular tissue graft comprised of decellularized tendon conjugated with nanomaterials has been developed for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. The focus of this dissertation is on the development of composite grafts derived from decellularized human tendon conjugated with gold nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for use in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Gold nanoparticles are used to promote remodeling, cellularity, and biological incorporation of grafts. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are used to promote osseointegration, cellularity, and to enhance the graft/bone interface. These composite grafts along with several other variations, were characterized in vitro using a variety of cell-based assays including cell viability, cell proliferation, and cell migration assays. Two in vivo studies were conducted. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) porcine model was investigated as a new method to evaluate host tissue integration into soft tissue grafts as well as the in vivo biocompatibility of subcutaneously implanted composite grafts. Results demonstrate biocompatibility and remodeling of composite grafts and the value of using the GFP model as a qualitative method for assessing host tissue integration. A rabbit ACL reconstruction model was used to investigate graft remodeling in addition to the overall viability of using composite grafts to serve as a functional ACL replacement. Results demonstrate successful replacement of ACLs using composite grafts with enhanced remodeling from the addition of nanoparticles. Overall, studies demonstrate the success and potential further application of using composite grafts for musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. Future studies will include expanding development of variations of these composite materials to address additional clinical needs.

scholarly journals Scaffold-Free 3-D Cell Sheet Technique Bridges the Gap between 2-D Cell Culture and Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayidah Alghuwainem ◽  
Alaa T. Alshareeda ◽  
Batla Alsowayan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
D Cell

Various tissue engineering techniques have been created in research spanning two centuries, resulting in new opportunities for growing cells in culture and the creation of 3-D tissue-like constructs. These techniques are classified as scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques. Cell sheet, as a scaffold-free technique, has attracted research interest in the context of drug discovery and tissue repair, because it provides more predictive data for in vivo testing. It is one of the most promising techniques and has the potential to treat degenerative tissues such as heart, kidneys, and liver. In this paper, we argue the advantages of cell sheets as a scaffold-free approach, compared to other techniques, including scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques such as the classic systemic injection of cell suspension.

scholarly journals Animal Models of Osteochondral Defect for Testing Biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbo Meng ◽  
Reihane Ziadlou ◽  
Sibylle Grad ◽  
Mauro Alini ◽  
Chunyi Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Osteochondral Regeneration

The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a great challenge in orthopaedics. Tissue engineering holds a good promise for regeneration of OCD. In the light of tissue engineering, it is critical to establish an appropriate animal model to evaluate the degradability, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host bone/cartilage tissues for OCD repair in vivo. Currently, model animals that are commonly deployed to create osteochondral lesions range from rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats, and sheep horses to nonhuman primates. It is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model in terms of the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the common animal models of OCD for testing biomaterials and to discuss their applications in translational research. In addition, we have reviewed surgical protocols for establishing OCD models and biomaterials that promote osteochondral regeneration. For small animals, the non-load-bearing region such as the groove of femoral condyle is commonly chosen for testing degradation, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host tissues. For large animals, closer to clinical application, the load-bearing region (medial femoral condyle) is chosen for testing the durability and healing outcome of biomaterials. This review provides an important reference for selecting a suitable animal model for the development of new strategies for osteochondral regeneration.

scholarly journals Developing a pro-angiogenic placenta derived amniochorionic scaffold with two exposed basement membranes as substrates for cultivating endothelial cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Shariatzadeh ◽  
Sepehr Shafiee ◽  
Ali Zafari ◽  
Tahereh Tayebi ◽  
Ghasem Yazdanpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Dorsal Skinfold Chamber ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Endothelial Adhesion Molecules

AbstractDecellularized and de-epithelialized placenta membranes have widely been used as scaffolds and grafts in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exceptional pro-angiogenic and biomechanical properties and low immunogenicity have made the amniochorionic membrane a unique substrate which provides an enriched niche for cellular growth. Herein, an optimized combination of enzymatic solutions (based on streptokinase) with mechanical scrapping is used to remove the amniotic epithelium and chorion trophoblastic layer, which resulted in exposing the basement membranes of both sides without their separation and subsequent damages to the in-between spongy layer. Biomechanical and biodegradability properties, endothelial proliferation capacity, and in vivo pro-angiogenic capabilities of the substrate were also evaluated. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for collagen IV, and scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the underlying amniotic and chorionic basement membranes remained intact while the epithelial and trophoblastic layers were entirely removed without considerable damage to basement membranes. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the scaffold is suturable. Proliferation assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction for endothelial adhesion molecules, and IHC demonstrated that both side basement membranes could support the growth of endothelial cells without altering endothelial characteristics. The dorsal skinfold chamber animal model indicated that both side basement membranes could promote angiogenesis. This bi-sided substrate with two exposed surfaces for cultivating various cells would have potential applications in the skin, cardiac, vascularized composite allografts, and microvascular tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Hydrogel based tissue engineering and its future applications in personalized disease modeling and regenerative therapy

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Chaudhary ◽  
Eliza Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Organoid Culture

Abstract Background Evolution in the in vitro cell culture from conventional 2D to 3D technique has been a significant accomplishment. The 3D culture models have provided a close and better insight into the physiological study of the human body. The increasing demand for organs like liver, kidney, and pancreas for transplantation, rapid anti-cancer drug screening, and the limitations associated with the use of animal models have attracted the interest of researchers to explore 3D organ culture. Main body Natural, synthetic, and hybrid material-based hydrogels are being used as scaffolds in 3D culture and provide 'close-to-in vivo’ structures. Organoids: the stem cell-derived small size 3D culture systems are now favored due to their ability to mimic the in-vivo conditions of organ or tissue and this characteristic has made it eligible for a variety of clinical applications, drug discovery and regenerative medicine are a few of the many areas of application. The use of animal models for clinical applications has been a long-time ethical and biological challenge to get accurate outcomes. 3D bioprinting has resolved the issue of vascularization in organoid culture to a great extent by its layer-by-layer construction approach. The 3D bioprinted organoids have a popular application in personalized disease modeling and rapid drug development and therapeutics. Short conclusions This review paper, focuses on discussing the novel organoid culture approach, its advantages and limitations, and potential applications in a variety of life science areas namely cancer research, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and personalized medicine and drug discovery. Graphical Abstract

Current evidence of tissue engineering for dentine regeneration in animal models: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1345-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S da Silva ◽  
Maria Stella Moreira ◽  
Karen A Fukushima ◽  
Daniela P Raggio ◽  
Anna Carolina V Mello-Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Study Results

Aim: The aim of this study is to verify the type of scaffold effect on tissue engineering for dentine regeneration in animal models. Materials & methods: Strategic searches were conducted through MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The studies were included with the following eligibility criteria: studies evaluating dentine regeneration, and being an in vivo study. Results: From 1392 identified potentially relevant studies, 15 fulfilled the eligibility criteria. All studies described characteristics of neoformed dentine, being that the most reported reparative dentine formation. Most of included studies presented moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Up to date scientific evidence shows a positive trend to dentine regeneration when considering tissue engineering in animal models, regardless the type of scaffolds used.

scholarly journals Developing a Pro-Angiogenic Amniochorionic-Derived Decellularized Scaffold with Two Exposed Basement Membranes for Cultivating Endothelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Shariatzadeh ◽  
Sepehr Shafiee ◽  
Tahereh Tayebi ◽  
Ghasem Yazdanpanah ◽  
Alireza Majd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Dorsal Skinfold Chamber ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Decellularized Scaffold

Abstract Decellularized placental membrane has widely been used as scaffold and graft in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exceptional pro-angiogenic and biomechanical properties and low immunogenicity have made the amniochorionic membrane a unique scaffold which provides enriched niche for cellular growth. Herein, an optimized combination of enzymatic solutions (based on Streptokinase) with mechanical scrapping is used to remove the amniotic epithelium and chorion trophoblastic layer, which results in exposing the basement membranes of both sides without their separation and subsequent damages to the in-between spongy layer. Biomechanical and biodegradability properties, endothelial proliferation capacity, and in-vivo pro-angiogenic capabilities of the scaffold were also evaluated. Histological staining and scanning electron microscope (SEM) demonstrated that the underlying amniotic and chorionic basement membranes remained intact while the epithelial and trophoblastic layers were entirely removed without considerable damage to basement membranes. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the scaffold is suturable. Proliferation assay and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that both side basement membranes could support growth of endothelial cells without altering endothelial characteristics. The dorsal skinfold chamber animal model indicated that both side basement membranes could promote angiogenesis. This bi-sided decellularized scaffold with two exposed surfaces for cultivating various cells would have potential applications in skin, cardiac, vascularized composite allografts, and microvascular tissue engineering.

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