scholarly journals Optimal Urban Logistics Facility Location with Consideration of Truck-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Shenzhen City

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mi Gan ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Mingfei Wang ◽  
Guangyuan Zhang ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Facility Location ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Mixed Integer Program ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Estimation Function

The logistics facility location is always involved with great deals of investment. Its construction and operation also bring out a huge amount of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission due to the consumption of building materials, energy, the running of trucks, and other logistics equipment. Particularly, trucking activities in the urban logistics networks (ULN) are a major source of GHG. This paper aims to formulate an eco-facility location model to minimize both the total cost of ULN construction and operation and the GHG emissions of truck trips. Based on the mathematical relations of GHG emissions rates and several macroscopic factors, which we obtained by multivariate regression analysis on a large set of empirical trucking data in our previous research, the data-driven emissions rates estimation function is acquired. Then, we link the estimation function of each trip purpose by various kinds of logistics facilities through a qualitative analysis. The eco-facility location problem is modeled by integrating the pure facility location model and the GHG emissions function. The problem is first converted to a biobjective mixed-integer program, and the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is applied to solve the model. Through experiments with real case, the effectiveness of the models and algorithms is verified. The eco-facility location model for ULN tends to obtain the environment-friendly location decision. Our analytical results also verify the hypothesis that locations of facility do impact the relevant truck-related GHG emissions, especially to transfer transport, as well as inbound and outbound freight.

Global Optimization of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Design and Allocation to Minimize Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau ◽  
Jeremy J. Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Local Search ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Hybrid Electric

We pose a reformulated model for optimal design and allocation of conventional (CV), hybrid electric (HEV), and plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles to obtain global solutions that minimize life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the fleet. The reformulation is a twice-differentiable, factorable, nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model that can be solved globally using a convexification-based branch-and-reduce algorithm. We compare results to a randomized multistart local-search approach for the original formulation and find that local-search algorithms locate global solutions in 59% of trials for the two-segment case and 18% of trials for the three-segment case. The results indicate that minimum GHG emissions are achieved with a mix of PHEVs sized for 25–45 miles of electric travel. Larger battery packs allow longer travel on electrical energy, but production and weight of underutilized batteries result in higher GHG emissions. Under the current average U.S. grid mix, PHEVs offer a nearly 50% reduction in life cycle GHG emissions relative to equivalent conventional vehicles and about 5% improvement over HEVs when driven on the standard urban driving cycle. Optimal allocation of different PHEVs to different drivers turns out to be of second order importance for minimizing net life cycle GHGs.

scholarly journals Pluralistic Efficiency-Equity Tradeoffs in Locating Public Services

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Fang ◽  
Hecheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Integer Program ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Mixed Integer Program ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Equity Measures

AbstractAside from efficiency, equity is a particularly salient objective in siting public facilities. In this paper, we develop and test a bicriteria mixed integer program that trades off the efficiency and equity measures between an individual and the group. Individual efficiency is measured by data envelopment analysis (DEA) while individual equity is modeled by a center location model. On the other hand, group efficiency is measured by the median location model, while group equity is measured by the Gini coefficient. Available computational results suggest that the multicriteria model provides a promising approach to locate public services in a pluralistic society, when the individual rights are often weighed against common good.

scholarly journals Mitigation Strategies for Reduction of Embodied Energy and Carbon, in the Construction Systems of Contemporary Quality Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Sicignano ◽  
Giacomo Di Ruocco ◽  
Roberta Melella
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Wide Range

The criticality related to the consumption of operational energy and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of existing buildings is clearly decreasing in new buildings due to the strategies tested and applied in recent years in the energy retrofit sector. Recently, studies have been focusing on strategies to reduce environmental impacts related to the entire life cycle of the building organism, with reference to the reduction of embodied energy (and related greenhouse gas emissions) in building materials. As part of EEA’s European EBC project, Annex 57, a wide range of case studies have been promoted with the aim of identifying design strategies that can reduce the embodied energy and related greenhouse gas emissions of buildings. The aim of this paper is to investigate the most common construction systems in the construction industry (concrete, steel, wood) through the analysis of three contemporary architectural works, with the aim of identifying the predisposition for environmental sustainability of each technological system, thus guiding the operators in the sector towards design choices more compatible with the environmental requirements recommended by European legislation.

scholarly journals A MILP facility location model with distance value adjustments for demand fulfillment using Google Maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Palomino ◽  
◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Carmen Berdugo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Location Model ◽  
Branch And Cut ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distribution Centers ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Demand Fulfillment ◽  
Web Mapping ◽  
Positive Effects

In this manuscript, a facility location model was designed to support logistics operations, considering service distance limitations for demand fulfillment and a list of candidate locations within a supply chain. Consequently, an allocation model was designed using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), in which a finite number of demand nodes could be satisfied by a set of supply nodes, considering not only the costs related to these locations but also restrictions aimed at improving the level of service based on distance. Besides, an integrated solution scheme was proposed that includes a macro in VBA language that calculates the distance between nodes using the web mapping service developed by Google Maps and solving the model through a branch and cut algorithm. Subsequently, a case study was executed where the supply operation of an important Colombian retail company is analyzed. The results reflected positive effects not only on costs but also on the prioritization of average distance traveled and on the satisfaction of store demand by distribution centers. Thus, the conditions in which the implementation of this model provides strategic benefits were verified, functioning as a tool to support decision making.

A MINLP Model for Global Optimization of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Design and Allocation to Minimize Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Shin Norman Shiau ◽  
Jeremy J. Michalek
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. GHG emissions from PHEVs and other vehicles depend on both vehicle design and driver behavior. We pose a twice-differentiable, factorable mixed-integer nonlinear programming model utilizing vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving data to determine optimal vehicle design and allocation for minimizing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The resulting nonconvex optimization problem is solved using a convexification-based branch-and-reduce algorithm, which achieves global solutions. In contrast, a randomized multistart approach with local search algorithms finds global solutions in 59% of trials for the two-vehicle case and 18% of trials for the three-vehicle case. Results indicate that minimum GHG emissions is achieved with a mix of PHEVs sized for around 35 miles of electric travel. Larger battery packs allow longer travel on electric power, but additional battery production and weight result in higher GHG emissions, unless significant grid decarbonization is achieved. PHEVs offer a nearly 50% reduction in life cycle GHG emissions relative to equivalent conventional vehicles and about 5% improvement over ordinary hybrid electric vehicles. Optimal allocation of different vehicles to different drivers turns out to be of second order importance for minimizing net life cycle GHGs.

Sustainability of Green Building Practices in Residential Projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Subhankar Das
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Residential Projects

A green building is a sustainable building that has minimal impacts on the environment throughout its life. For the purposes of this report, “green building” is understood to mean construction that makes efficient use of energy and resources in every aspect. This includes the production of building materials, and the design, use, and eventual demolition of a building in any sector (commercial, residential, industrial, public buildings) and at all stages, from new buildings to “retrofitting” or adapting existing ones. The construction sector, which accounts for 10% of global GDP, has direct and indirect impacts on the environment. It produces 23% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and buildings are responsible for between 30% and 40% of all material flows. A green building is a sustainable building that has minimal impacts on the environment throughout its life.

scholarly journals Global greenhouse gas emissions from residential and commercial building materials and mitigation strategies to 2060

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Zhong ◽  
Mingming Hu ◽  
Sebastiaan Deetman ◽  
Bernhard Steubing ◽  
Hai Xiang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Building Stock

AbstractBuilding stock growth around the world drives extensive material consumption and environmental impacts. Future impacts will be dependent on the level and rate of socioeconomic development, along with material use and supply strategies. Here we evaluate material-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for residential and commercial buildings along with their reduction potentials in 26 global regions by 2060. For a middle-of-the-road baseline scenario, building material-related emissions see an increase of 3.5 to 4.6 Gt CO2eq yr-1 between 2020–2060. Low- and lower-middle-income regions see rapid emission increase from 750 Mt (22% globally) in 2020 and 2.4 Gt (51%) in 2060, while higher-income regions shrink in both absolute and relative terms. Implementing several material efficiency strategies together in a High Efficiency (HE) scenario could almost half the baseline emissions. Yet, even in this scenario, the building material sector would require double its current proportional share of emissions to meet a 1.5 °C-compatible target.

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