scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on Cytokine Profiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Manobendro Sarker ◽  
Dan Wan
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Early Section ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Probiotics confer immunological protection to the host through the regulation, stimulation, and modulation of immune responses. Researchers have shifted their attention to better understand the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics, which have the potential to prevent or alleviate certain pathologies for which proper medical treatment is as yet unavailable. It has been scientifically established that immune cells (T- and B-cells) mediate adaptive immunity and confer immunological protection by developing pathogen-specific memory. However, this review is intended to present the recent studies on immunomodulatory effects of probiotics. In the early section of this review, concepts of probiotics and common probiotic strains are focused on. On a priority basis, the immune system, along with mucosal immunity in the human body, is discussed in this study. It has been summarized that a number of species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium exert vital roles in innate immunity by increasing the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells and phagocytosis of macrophages and mediate adaptive immunity by interacting with enterocytes and dendritic, Th1, Th2, and Treg cells. Finally, immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in different animal models have been extensively reviewed in this paper. Therefore, isolating new probiotic strains and investigating their immunomodulatory effects on cytokine profiles in humans remain a topical issue.

scholarly journals Functionally distinct subsets of human FOXP3+ Treg cells that phenotypically mirror effector Th cells

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (19) ◽  
pp. 4430-4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Duhen ◽  
Rebekka Duhen ◽  
Antonio Lanzavecchia ◽  
Federica Sallusto ◽  
Daniel J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Th Cell ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Abstract FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are a broadly acting and potent anti-inflammatory population of CD4+ T cells essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing debilitating autoimmunity. Based on chemokine receptor expression, we identified distinct populations of Treg cells in human blood expected to colocalize with different Th cell subsets. Although each population was functionally suppressive, they displayed unique patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production, differentially expressed lineage-specifying transcription factors, and responded differently to antigens associated with Th1 and Th17 responses. These results highlight a previously unappreciated degree of phenotypic and functional diversity in human Treg cells that allows subsets with unique specificities and immunomodulatory functions to be targeted to defined immune environments during different types of inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Balance in Major Depression: Effect of Sertraline Therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Sutcigil ◽  
Cagatay Oktenli ◽  
Ugur Musabak ◽  
Ali Bozkurt ◽  
Adnan Cansever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

The specific associations between antidepressant treatment and alterations in the levels of cytokines remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and MCP-1 in major depression and to investigate the effects of sertraline therapy. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured at the time of admission and 8 weeks after sertraline treatment. Our results suggest that the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-α) and MCP-1 were significantly higher, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β1 were significantly lower in patients with major depression than those of healthy controls. It seems likely that the sertraline therapy might have exerted immunomodulatory effects through a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β1. In conclusion, our results indicate that Th1-, Th2-, and Th3-type cytokines are altered in the depressed patients and some of them might have been corrected by sertraline treatment.

scholarly journals TLR Costimulation Causes Oxidative Stress with Unbalance of Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 192 (11) ◽  
pp. 5373-5381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Lavieri ◽  
Patrizia Piccioli ◽  
Sonia Carta ◽  
Laura Delfino ◽  
Patrizia Castellani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine
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