Occupational Therapy for Adults with Overweight and Obesity: Mapping Interventions Involving Occupational Therapists

Occupational Therapy International ◽

10.1155/2018/7412686 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Svetlana Solgaard Nielsen ◽

Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Narrative Analysis ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Technological Support

Background. Worldwide obesity rates are increasing. The effectiveness of occupational therapy in overweight and obese adults has not yet been clarified. Objectives. The scoping review aimed at examining the evidence on interventions involving occupational therapists in the treatment of adults with overweight and obesity. Methods. Data on interventions involving occupational therapists and reporting on lifestyle-related outcomes in overweight and obese adults was extracted from the databases Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase, including hand and reference search. The scoping review methodology of Arksey and O’Malley was used. Conclusions were based on numerical and narrative analysis. Results. Thirteen articles reporting on eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Several studies showed significant weight loss. However, the studies possessed high heterogeneity and showed insufficient explication of the role and contribution of occupational therapy to the outcomes. Conclusions. The interventions with involvement of occupational therapists were suggested to help short-term weight loss. Occupational therapists contributed to the outcomes with a holistic approach, educating on the role of activity, providing technological support, and promoting enjoyment of being active. There is a need for further documentation of the effectiveness, role, and contributions of occupational therapy in the treatment of overweight and obese adults in all settings.

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The Role of Occupational Therapy in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs: Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.30244 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Snyder ◽

Ria Wilson ◽

Lian Finch ◽

Brooklyn Gallant ◽

Chris Landa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Well Being ◽

Current Guideline ◽

Scoping Reviews

BACKGROUND Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are highly prevalent and compromise an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and participate in meaningful life roles. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-established intervention aiming at restoring an individual’s exercise capacity and improving their ability to complete their ADLs. Occupational therapists help individuals engage in meaningful ‘occupations’, improving their health and well-being. Given the concordance in the aims of PR and the occupational therapy (OT) scope of practice, occupational therapists appear to be well-suited as key players in PR programs. However, the benefits of adding OT to PR programs have been sparsely reported in the literature and the role of OT in PR has never been synthesized or reported in national and international guidelines. OBJECTIVE Objective: To explore the role of OT in PR programs, the current guideline recommendations for the inclusion of OT in PR programs, the estimated prevalence of OT in PR programs and the reported or anticipated effects of OT interventions in PR programs. METHODS Methods: The review will be conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search will be undertaken in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL to identify and retrieve relevant literature, published in English, French or Portuguese. Gray literature will also be searched from international OT association websites for position statements and guidelines relevant to PR programs. All literature published since the establishment of the effectiveness of PR for chronic respiratory disease in 1994, that explores OT in PR programs for these patients will be included. Search results will be exported to Covidence for title, abstract, and full text screening, by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted by two independent reviewers using a pilot-tested template including: the number of PR programs including OT (specifically from surveys), the purpose of the study, the study design, patient characteristics, respiratory conditions included, PR components, OT role, outcomes, and results. Findings will be presented using a narrative summary, supplemented by figures and/or tables. Key themes will be displayed in an infographic or schematic. RESULTS Results: The study was initiated in January 2021 and registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF) in February 2021, prior to title and abstract screening. Data collection, analysis and drafting of the manuscript will occur throughout 2021, with expected publication in 2022. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: The results of this scoping review will help healthcare professionals improve patient care by broadening their understanding and awareness of the role of OT in PR programs. This role clarification may help to inform program development, clinical decision making and will serve to optimize the delivery of multidisciplinary care for patients in PR programs, ultimately improving patient outcomes. CLINICALTRIAL International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): OSF Registration Identifier: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZH63W

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Role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040922 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e040922

Author(s):

Bethany Villas ◽

Uira Duarte Wisnesky ◽

Sandra Campbell ◽

Lauren Slavik ◽

Amynah S. Mevawala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Study Selection ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Review Protocol ◽

And Performance ◽

Meta Analyses

Review question/objectiveThe purpose of this proposed review is twofold: first, to understand the role of occupational therapy presented in the musicians’ health literature; and second, to explore the potential for this role.IntroductionThe intense movement, awkward postures, concentration and emotional communication required of musicians can place them at increased risk of music-related health conditions, such as musculoskeletal disorders and performance anxiety. The development of music-related health conditions can be emotionally and financially devastating. The role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health has been previously discussed; however, no rigorous reviews of the scholarly literature have been published. We will, therefore, undertake a scoping review with the following research questions: (1) what is known about the role of occupational therapy in instrumental musicians’ health? and (2) what is the potential role of occupational therapy in musicians’ health?Methods and analysisA preliminary search of Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science was previously undertaken by the first author to determine the extent of the research on this topic and to confirm that no other reviews have been conducted or are in progress. Study selection and analysis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for conducting a scoping review.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required at our institution for a review of published literature. The results of this review will be shared through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and traditional and social media.

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The developing role of occupational therapists in school-based practice: Experiences from collaborative action research in Pakistan

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022619891841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 375-386

Author(s):

Debbie Kramer-Roy ◽

Denise Hashim ◽

Nighat Tahir ◽

Areeba Khan ◽

Asma Khalid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Action Research ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Inclusive Education ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Collaborative Action Research ◽

School Level ◽

Collaborative Action ◽

School Based

Introduction Occupational therapists around the world increasingly seek to support the participation of children with disabilities and special educational needs in mainstream education. Contemporary school-based occupational therapy practice is progressing from an individual, impairment focus towards collaborative, universal interventions at the whole class and whole school level. Participation-focused practice and collaboration is particularly important, but uncommon, in low-resource contexts such as Pakistan. Methods This article reports on collaborative action research that developed the role of occupational therapy in inclusive education in Karachi, Pakistan. A research team consisting of occupational therapists and teachers worked with five local primary schools, using the action research cycles of plan–implement–observe–reflect to develop practical strategies, materials and inclusive lesson plans to facilitate the participation of all children in all school-based occupations. Findings Support from school management and interdisciplinary collaboration were crucial for implementing change. In addition, strategies like inclusive lesson planning were found to benefit all children in class. Collaborative action research led to increased professional confidence in the teachers and occupational therapists, and skill development through developing a resource guide, running workshops and presenting at (inter)national conferences. Conclusion Collaborative action research was an effective means to develop the occupational therapy role in inclusive education practices in Pakistan, develop culturally appropriate educational resources, and upskill local therapists and teachers.

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Considering Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Practice

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/000841749406100205 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Mary Egan ◽

M. Denise Delaat

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Exact Role ◽

Therapy Guidelines

Despite its prominent place in the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for client-centred practice, the exact role of spirituality in clinical practice has been difficult to delineate. In this paper current concepts of spirituality are outlined and ways in which these concepts have been applied in health care are described. To illustrate these spiritual concepts, the experiences of individuals whom the authors have met in their clinical practice are outlined in a series of vignettes. Finally, a revision of the model of occupational performance which enhances consideration of spirituality in occupational therapy practice is proposed, and some guidelines for occupational therapists wishing to incorporate spiritual concerns in therapy are suggested.

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The Role of Occupational Therapy in Managing Food Selectivity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Children ◽

10.3390/children8111024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1024

Author(s):

Laura Reche-Olmedo ◽

Laura Torres-Collado ◽

Laura María Compañ-Gabucio ◽

Manuela Garcia-de-la-Hera

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Food Selectivity ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Journal Citation Reports ◽

Children With Asd

Food selectivity is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It can be defined as the unwillingness to eat common or new foods, resulting in a lack of variety in the diet or limited food consumption for multiple reasons, such as inflexibility or sensory alterations. We conducted a peer scoping review to describe the interventions that are carried out from occupational therapy (OT) in children with ASD with food selectivity. Two authors independently searched the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE, as well as the OT journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports. Articles exploring OT interventions in children (≤12 years) with ASD and food selectivity, published in Spanish or English, with experimental design, and with full text available were included. Of the 1445 articles identified, 8 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three main intervention categories were identified: sensory–behavioral, family focused, and other interventions. Most of the interventions from OT were aimed at treating sensory–behavioral aspects. Only three articles described interventions led exclusively by occupational therapists, and the rest were led by a multidisciplinary team. Finally, although these interventions are not exclusive to OT, occupational therapists can participate together with other professionals as an essential component in the treatment of food selectivity in children with ASD.

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An empirical investigation into the role of values in occupational therapy decision-making

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022619829722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 357-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yvonne Thomas ◽

David Seedhouse ◽

Vanessa Peutherer ◽

Michael Loughlin

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Therapy Decision ◽

Complex Process ◽

Value Judgements ◽

Psychological Influences

Introduction The importance of values in occupational therapy is generally agreed; however, there is no consensus about their nature or their influence on practice. It is widely assumed that occupational therapists hold and act on a body of shared values, yet there is a lack of evidence to support this. Method The research tested the hypothesis that occupational therapists’ responses to ethically challenging situations would reveal common values specific to the occupational therapy profession. A total of 156 occupational therapists were asked to decide what should be done in five common-place yet ethically complex situations, presented as scenarios for debate. Results The results show that while most occupational therapists share very general values, they frequently disagree about what to do in practice situations, often justifying their choices with different and sometimes conflicting specific values. In some cases, the same respondents espouse contradictory values in similar situations. Conclusion The extensive literature about decision-making – together with the study’s results – confirm that when occupational therapists make decisions, they draw on multiple factors, consciously and unconsciously. These factors vary between individuals. Value judgements are one part only of a complex process which includes personal experience, intuition, social influences, culture, psychological influences and relationships with both colleagues and clients.

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Emergency department presentations of people who are homeless: The role of occupational therapy

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0308022617706679 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (9) ◽

pp. 533-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chris Lloyd ◽

Joanne Hilder ◽

Philip Lee Williams

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Potential Role ◽

Homeless People ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Age Group ◽

Hospital Emergency ◽

Liaison Officer ◽

Drug And Alcohol

Introduction This project had two aims: to gain an understanding of the profile and expressed needs of people seen by the Homeless Emergency Department Liaison Officer in the emergency department in comparison to general hospital presentations, and to explore the potential role for occupational therapy to respond to this population. Method The Emergency Department Information Systems database and Homeless Emergency Department Liaison Officer files were examined to gather data on all individuals who presented to the hospital emergency department over a 16-month period. The viability of a discipline-specific role to respond to this population was then considered by senior occupational therapists. Results The results revealed that the majority of homeless people seen were male and in the early middle age group, with more than half arriving at the emergency department by way of ambulance services. The most common reasons for presentation were medical, mental health and drug- and alcohol-related issues. Conclusion It was found that a large percentage of people seen in the emergency department were discharged back to the streets. Senior occupational therapists have the potential to provide brief assessments and interventions that could reduce the ongoing demand on emergency department resources by people who are homeless.

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Is Meeting Spiritual Need within the Occupational Therapy Domain?

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/030802260506800406 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 177-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Marion Hoyland ◽

Christine Mayers

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Spiritual Care ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Spiritual Needs ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The profession's present interest in the topic of spirituality initiated the decision to undertake this study, which aimed to investigate the extent to which occupational therapists consider clients' spiritual needs as part of their domain. The objectives of the study were to ascertain whether this was part of the occupational therapist's role and to identify the ways in which occupational therapists addressed the spiritual needs of their clients. Six senior II occupational therapists participated in semi-structured interviews. The participants felt that all individuals have spiritual needs, although not all would recognise or acknowledge them as such. All the participants considered spiritual care to be part of their role, but there was some uncertainty regarding the relationship of spiritual care to occupational therapy in general. Spiritual needs were addressed by a listening and holistic approach.

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Perspectives from Tomorrow's Therapists

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/000841748004700308 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 117-118

Author(s):

Linda Edgington

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Treatment Modality ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Projective Technique ◽

Systems Art

This paper presents a review of the literature on the use of art as a projective technique in occupational therapy. With respect to assessment, it outlines the use of art-oriented diagnostic batteries, the role of occupational therapists in interpretation of art, and the development of objective scoring systems. Art as a treatment modality for non-verbal patients is explored for the purpose of uncovering unconscious material for discussion, and as a media for the expression of anger.

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