scholarly journals Context and Time Matter: Effects of Emotion and Motivation on Episodic Memory Overtime

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Sun ◽  
Simeng Gu ◽  
Jiongjiong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Matter Effects ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Previous studies have shown that compared with neutral cues, stimuli with positive and negative/stressful contexts or reward and punishment cues are remembered better. However, it is unclear whether the enhanced effect differs in emotion or motivation dimensions and the passage of time. We addressed these issues by manipulating different contextual cues for neutral words at different time intervals. In experiment 1, subjects were asked to learn words with picture contexts in positive, negative/stressful, and neutral valences and were tested by old/new word recognition and contextual judgment 10 min, 1 day, and 1 week later. In experiment 2, the reward and punishment motivations were manipulated by monetary cues during learning. Word recognition and contextual judgment were assessed 10 min, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the study. Compared with negative and punishment conditions, the words in positive and reward contexts were recognized better at shorter intervals, which was associated with recollection process. In contrast, the words in negative and punishment contexts were recognized better at longer intervals, which was mainly associated with familiarity process. These results clarified how different dimensions of emotional and motivational contexts influence memory at short and long intervals and highlighted the role of contextual features in memory formation and consolidation.

scholarly journals From Controlled to Automatic Processes and Back Again: The Role of Contextual Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Angela Fabio ◽  
Tindara Caprì ◽  
Martina Romano
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Automatic Processes ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Automatic Sequence

In cognitive psychology, classical approaches categorize automatic and controlled processes from a dichotomous point of view. Automatic processes are believed to be rigid, whereas controlled processes are thought to be flexible. New theories have softened this dichotomous view. The aim of the present study is to examine the possibility of implementing flexibility in automatic processing through reliance on contextual features. One hundred and twenty subjects (mean age 22.4, SD = 4.2), 60 male and 60 female, participated in this study. An automatic sequence task (with and without contextual features) was used to test flexibility in automatic processing. Results showed that the use of contextual cues can increase flexibility in automatic processes. The results are discussed in light of new theories on softened automaticity.

scholarly journals Hippocampal-medial prefrontal event segmentation and integration contribute to episodic memory formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Yingjie Shi ◽  
James N Cousins ◽  
Nils Kohn ◽  
Guillen Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Event Segmentation ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

How do we encode our continuous life experiences for later retrieval? Theories of event segmentation and integration suggest that the hippocampus binds separately represented events into an ordered narrative. Using an open-access functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) movie watching-recall dataset, we quantified two types of neural similarities (i.e., activation pattern similarity and within-region voxel-based connectivity pattern similarity) between separate events during movie watching and related them to subsequent retrieval of events as well as retrieval of sequential order. We demonstrate that distinct activation patterns of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex form event memories. By contrast, similar within-region connectivity patterns between events facilitate memory formation and are relevant for the retention of events in the correct sequential order. We applied the same approaches to an independent movie watching fMRI dataset and replicational analyses highlighted again the role of hippocampal activation pattern and connectivity pattern in memory formation. We propose that distinct activation patterns represent neural segmentation of events while similar connectivity patterns encode context information, and therefore integrate events into a narrative. Our results provide novel evidence for the role of hippocampal-medial prefrontal event segmentation and integration in episodic memory formation of real-life experience.

An investigation of the role of grapheme units in word recognition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lupker ◽  
J. Acha ◽  
C. J. Davis ◽  
M. Perea
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition

The Role of Attention in Episodic Memory Impairment During Nicotine Withdrawal

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Merritt ◽  
Adam Cobb ◽  
Luke Moissinac ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Elliot Hirshman
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal

Knowledge is power: prior knowledge aids memory formation for both congruent and incongruent events, but in different ways.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Greve ◽  
Elisa Cooper ◽  
Roni Tibon ◽  
Richard Henson
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Power Prior

Events that conform to our expectations, i.e, are congruent with our world knowledge or schemas, are better remembered than unrelated events. Yet events that conflict with schemas can also be remembered better. We examined this apparent paradox in four experiments, in which schemas were established by training ordinal relationships between randomly-paired objects, while episodic memory was tested for the number of objects on each trial. Better memory was found for both congruent and incongruent trials, relative to unrelated trials, producing memory performance that was a “U-shaped” function of congruency. Furthermore, the incongruency advantage, but not congruency advantage, emerged even if the information probed by the memory test was irrelevant to the schema, while the congruency advantage, but not incongruency advantage, also emerged after initial encoding. Schemas therefore augment episodic memory in multiple ways, depending on the match between novel and existing information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document