scholarly journals Profiling of the Major Phenolic Compounds and Their Biosynthesis Genes in Sophora flavescens Aiton

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongyeo Lee ◽  
Jaeeun Jung ◽  
Seung-Hyun Son ◽  
Hyun-Bi Kim ◽  
Young-Hee Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Catechin Hydrate ◽  
Aerial Parts

Sophorae Radix (Sophora flavescens Aiton) has long been used in traditional medicine in East Asia due to the various biological activities of its secondary metabolites. Endogenous contents of phenolic compounds (phenolic acid, flavonol, and isoflavone) and the main bioactive compounds of Sophorae Radix were analyzed based on the qualitative HPLC analysis and evaluated in different organs and at different developmental stages. In total, 11 compounds were detected, and the composition of the roots and aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) was significantly different. trans-Cinnamic acid and p-coumaric acid were observed only in the aerial parts. Large amounts of rutin and maackiain were detected in the roots. Four phenolic acid compounds (benzoic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four flavonol compounds (kaempferol, catechin hydrate, epicatechin, and rutin) were higher in aerial parts than in roots. To identify putative genes involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, a total of 41 transcripts were investigated. Expression patterns of these selected genes, as well as the multiple isoforms for the genes, varied by organ and developmental stage, implying that they are involved in the biosynthesis of various phenolic compounds both spatially and temporally.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis and identification of drought-responsive candidate NAC genes in three semi-arid tropics (SAT) legume crops

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Singh ◽  
Himabindu Kudapa ◽  
Vanika Garg ◽  
Rajeev K. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background Chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut are the primary legume crops of semi-arid tropics (SAT) and their global productivity is severely affected by drought stress. The plant-specific NAC (NAM - no apical meristem, ATAF - Arabidopsis transcription activation factor, and CUC - cup-shaped cotyledon) transcription factor family is known to be involved in majority of abiotic stresses, especially in the drought stress tolerance mechanism. Despite the knowledge available regarding NAC function, not much information is available on NAC genes in SAT legume crops. Results In this study, genome-wide NAC proteins – 72, 96, and 166 have been identified from the genomes of chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut, respectively, and later grouped into 10 clusters in chickpea and pigeonpea, while 12 clusters in groundnut. Phylogeny with well-known stress-responsive NACs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa (rice), Medicago truncatula, and Glycine max (soybean) enabled prediction of putative stress-responsive NACs in chickpea (22), pigeonpea (31), and groundnut (33). Transcriptome data revealed putative stress-responsive NACs at various developmental stages that showed differential expression patterns in the different tissues studied. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the expression patterns of selected stress-responsive, Ca_NAC (Cicer arietinum - 14), Cc_NAC (Cajanus cajan - 15), and Ah_NAC (Arachis hypogaea - 14) genes using drought-stressed and well-watered root tissues from two contrasting drought-responsive genotypes of each of the three legumes. Based on expression analysis, Ca_06899, Ca_18090, Ca_22941, Ca_04337, Ca_04069, Ca_04233, Ca_12660, Ca_16379, Ca_16946, and Ca_21186; Cc_26125, Cc_43030, Cc_43785, Cc_43786, Cc_22429, and Cc_22430; Ah_ann1.G1V3KR.2, Ah_ann1.MI72XM.2, Ah_ann1.V0X4SV.1, Ah_ann1.FU1JML.2, and Ah_ann1.8AKD3R.1 were identified as potential drought stress-responsive candidate genes. Conclusion As NAC genes are known to play role in several physiological and biological activities, a more comprehensive study on genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the NAC proteins have been carried out in chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut. We have identified a total of 21 potential drought-responsive NAC genes in these legumes. These genes displayed correlation between gene expression, transcriptional regulation, and better tolerance against drought. The identified candidate genes, after validation, may serve as a useful resource for molecular breeding for drought tolerance in the SAT legume crops.

scholarly journals Functional Analyses of Flavonol Synthase Genes From Camellia sinensis Reveal Their Roles in Anther Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Shi ◽  
Xiaolan Jiang ◽  
Linbo Chen ◽  
Wei-Wei Li ◽  
Sanyan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Functional Analyses

Flavonoids, including flavonol derivatives, are the main astringent compounds of tea and are beneficial to human health. Many researches have been conducted to comprehensively identify and characterize the phenolic compounds in the tea plant. However, the biological function of tea flavonoids is not yet understood, especially those accumulated in floral organs. In this study, the metabolic characteristics of phenolic compounds in different developmental stages of flower buds and various parts of the tea flower were investigated by using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed varying accumulation patterns of different phenolic polyphenol compounds during flowering; moreover, the content of flavonol compounds gradually increased as the flowers opened. Petals and stamens were the main sites of flavone and flavonol accumulation. Compared with those of fertile flowers, the content of certain flavonols, such as kaempferol derivatives, in anthers of hybrid sterile flowers was significantly low. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns of genes in the same gene family in tea flowers. The CsFLSb gene was significantly increased during flowering and was highly expressed in anthers. Compared with fertile flowers, CsFLSb was significantly downregulated in sterile flowers. Further functional verification of the three CsFLS genes indicated that CsFLSb caused an increase in flavonol content in transgenic tobacco flowers and that CsFLSa acted in leaves. Taken together, this study highlighted the metabolic properties of phenolic compounds in tea flowers and determined how the three CsFLS genes have different functions in the vegetative and reproductive organs of tea plants. Furthermore, CsFLSb could regulated flavonol biosynthesis in tea flowers, thus influencing fertility. This research is of great significance for balancing the reproductive growth and vegetative growth of tea plants.

ESTIMATION OF BIOACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF ABIES PINDROW AERIAL PARTS USING TLC DENSITOMETRY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Abies Pindrow ◽  
Solvent Systems

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate contents of bioactive phenolic compounds in A. pindrow aerial parts using TLC densitometry. Maltol, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid were resolved in TLC of methanol extract of plant using solvent systems – chloroform:methanol (9.7:0.3; scanned at 276 nm), toluene:diethyl ether (1:1; scanned at 320 nm), chloroform:methanol:glacial acetic acid (19:1:1; scanned at 266 nm), chloroform:methanol:formic acid (9:1:1; scanned at 295 nm) and chloroform:methanol:acetonitrile: formic acid (12:3:3:2; scanned at 292), respectively. The developed methods for estimation of phenolic compounds in plant were validated as per ICH guidelines. The contents of maltol, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid in plant were found to be 0.10280±0.00002, 0.00860±0.00000, 0.00780±0.00001, 0.10030±0.00003 and 0.06440±0.00002% w/w, respectively. On the basis of validation parameters, the developed TLC densitometric methods for estimation of phenolic compounds in the plant were found to precise, accurate and specific.

scholarly journals Phytochemical composition and pharmacological assessment of callus and parent plant of Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less. from Algerian Sahara

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1895-1901
Author(s):  
Fairouz Belhadi ◽  
Saida Ouafi ◽  
Nadia Bouguedoura
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Purpose: To determine the phytochemical composition, acute toxicity, as well as analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of extracts of the aerial parts and callus cultures of Asteriscus graveolens.Methods: Different standard chemical tests were used for the screening of bioactive compounds in aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Asteriscus graveolens (PAE) and callus (CAE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to identify the constituents of the glycosidic extract (GE). Acute oral toxicity test was carried out to ascertain the safety of the plant material. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing test and carrageenan-induced edema test, respectively.Results: Phytochemical analysis showed some differences in composition between the aerial parts and callus cultures. Results from HPLC analysis revealed the presence of 12 phenolic compounds in the GE of adult plants. In addition to being orally safe (no mortality), all extracts showed significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced chemical pain: PAE and GE produced 63 and 68 % reductions in pain, respectively, relative to 60.26 % pain reduction by aspirin. All extracts exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects, with PAE producing the highest effect (73 %) at a dose of 100 mg/mL.Conclusion: Asteriscus graveolens extracts possess potent pharmacological properties due to the presence of some phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. These findings provide a scientific basis for the traditional uses of Asteriscus graveolens, and indicate that it is a potential source of antiinflammatory agents. Keywords: Acute toxicity, Anti-nociceptive, Anti-inflammatory, Aqueous extract, Callus, Flavonoids

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Juices from Mature and Immature Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC)

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Righetto ◽  
F. M. Netto ◽  
F. Carraro
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Methyl Linoleate ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of juice from immature and mature acerola and of concentrated juice from immature acerola were determined. Tartaric, malic and citric acids and a high content of ascorbic acid were found in all the juices. Vitamin C contents were 4.80, 1.90 and 0.97 g/100 g for the concentrated immature, the immature, and the mature acerola juices respectively. The total phenol contents decreased during ripening, from 3.8 mg of catechin/g for immature acerola juice to 1.4 mg of catechin/g for mature acerola juice. The concentrated immature juice had a content of 9.2mg of catechin/g of juice. Catechin, gallic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid and ferrulic acid were detected in immature acerola juice by HPLC analysis whereas mature acerola juice showed only one predominant peak with a retention time similar to that of ferrulic acid. The concentrated juice from immature acerola reduced the oxidation of methyl linoleate by 57.2% while the juice from immature acerola reduced the oxidation by 28.1%. These results stated that the antioxidant potential of the acerola juice depended on its content of phenolic compounds and the vitamin C.

Biological activities of phenolic compounds and ethanolic extract of Halacsya sendtneri (Boiss) Dőrfler

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Mašković ◽  
Jelena Maksimović ◽  
Vuk Maksimović ◽  
Jelena Blagojević ◽  
Mladen Vujošević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of endemic plant Halacsya sendtneri in inhibiting the growing of the test fungi and bacteria as well as to determine its genotoxic potential and toxicity using the Allium anaphase-telophase assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for 15 indicator strains of pathogens, representing both bacteria and fungi. The highest susceptibility to the ethanolic extract of H.sendtneri was exhibited by Pseudomonas glycinea (FSB4), (MIC=0.09 mg/ml) among the bacteria, and by Phialophora fastigiata (FSB81), (MIC=1.95 mg/ml) among the fungi. The composition of H. sendtneri extracts was also determined using HPLC analysis. Rosmarinic acid was found to be the dominant phenolic compound. The Allium anaphase-telophase genotoxicity assay revealed that the ethanolic extract of H. sendtneri at concentrations of 31.5 mg/l and below does not produce toxic or genotoxic effects. This is the first report of chemical constituents, genotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the endemic species, H. sendtneri.

scholarly journals Identification and Antibacterial Evaluation of Selected Jordanian Medicinal Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2456-2463
Author(s):  
Wael A. Al-Zereini ◽  
Fuad Al-Rimawi ◽  
Saleh Abu-Lafi ◽  
Fadi Alakhras ◽  
Ghassab M. Al-Mazaideh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Antibacterial Evaluation

Dried aerial parts of three medicinal plants grown wild in Jordan, namely Ononis natrix L., Salvia spinosa L. and Salvia verbenace L., were extracted upon soaking with ethyl acetate by continuous shaking at room temperature for three days. The extracts were analyzed for their phenolic and flavonoids content by HPLC-PDA. The HPLC analysis of the plant extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the three plant extracts. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract was evaluated. The PDA wavelengths range was from 227-347 nm. Bioactivities were attributed mainly to the immense content of phenol-based compounds in plants.

scholarly journals Diurnal variation of the chemical composition and its repercussion on the biological activity polyphenolics of Salvia officinalis aerial parts

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Safa Rguez ◽  
amel Msaada ◽  
Majdi Hammami ◽  
Mejda Daami Remadi ◽  
Ikbel Chayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Antioxidant

This study reported the diurnal variation of the chemical composition and biological activities of phenolic compounds of Salvia officinalis cultivated in Tunisia. The HPLC determination of different phenolic compounds showed that the amounts of total polyphenols reach its maximum at 7 am. Estimation of the antioxidant activity of different methanolic extracts of Salvia officinalis showed that the extract of 5 pm had the most effective antiradical power against DPPH and the best iron reducing capacity. The strongest total antioxidant capacity was recorded for extracts of 12 and 5 pm. The methanol extracts of sage also have a capacity to reduce the appetence of Spodoptera littoralis larvae. This activity did not vary with the harvesting time.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, antimicrobial and DNA protection activities of phenolic content of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P.Kumm.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5500-5506
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents

Tricholoma is one of the famous genera of Basidiomycota division. Although some species of this genus have been used as culinary mushrooms, very negligible investigations have been conducted on Tricholoma genus phenolic contents and their biological activities. In the present study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and DNA protection properties of total phenolic contents of Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P. Kumm. (54% methanolic extract) were assessed. T. virgatum phenolic content was determined by an analytic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on compression with standard phenolic compounds including gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, and coumaric acid. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were determined using Rel Assay kits. For DNA protective potential assay, pBR322 supercoiled DNA method was used. The antimicrobial activity assay was done based on the agar dilution method on six different microorganisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The total phenolic contents of this mushroom lied within range of 2.02-56.85 ppm based on coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid as standards. TAS, TOS, and OSI values were determined as 3.754±0.088 mmol/L, 8.362 ±0.085 μmol/L, and 0.223 ±0.007, respectively. T. virgatum methanol extract could exhibit a protective effect on DNA against the hydroxyl radical at 100 μg/mL concentration. Although T. virgatum is not recommended as an edible mushroom, according to our results, this mushroom could be considered as valuable source for phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant/antimicrobial effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of three Ornithogalum L. species

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Gülin Renda ◽  
Arzu Özel ◽  
Emine Akyüz Turumtay ◽  
Burak Barut ◽  
Büşra Korkmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Aboveground parts and bulbs of Ornithogalum species are consumed as food and used in traditional medicine in worldwide. Objective It is aimed to report the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds content of Ornithogalum sigmoideum, Ornithogalum orthophyllum and Ornithogalum oligophyllum for the first time. Materials and methods Antioxidant activity of the crude methanol extracts of the aerial parts and the bulbs of the species were determined with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, superoxide radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating effect, phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. The ethylacetate, diethylether and water subextracts from leaf and flower were analyzed to quantify selected phenolic compounds by HPLC-UV. Results Among the six extracts, the methanol extract of the aerial parts of O. orthophyllum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds (GAE, 11.0 mg/g extract). The aerial parts of O. orthophyllum showed higher DPPH and SOD activities than the other extracts with the SC50 values of 0.39±0.05 mg/mL and 0.44±0.08 mg/mL, respectively. Protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid and p-coumaric acid were the most abundant compounds at all the subextracts. Conclusion The antioxidant activity is found to be in accordance with the levels of phenolic content in the extracts.

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