scholarly journals Realm of Thermoalkaline Lipases in Bioprocess Commodities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Firdaus B. Lajis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Tension ◽  
Microbial Lipases ◽  
Alkaline Tolerant

For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.

Balancing of Flexible Rotors Using Convex Optimization Techniques: Optimum Min-Max LMI Influence Coefficient Balancing

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Costin D. Untaroiu ◽  
Paul E. Allaire ◽  
William C. Foiles
Keyword(s):  
Convex Optimization ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Flexible Rotors ◽  
Optimum Solution

In some industrial applications, influence coefficient balancing methods fail to find the optimum vibration reduction due to the limitations of the least-squares optimization methods. Previous min-max balancing methods have not included practical constraints often encountered in industrial balancing. In this paper, the influence coefficient balancing equations, with suitable constraints on the level of the residual vibrations and the magnitude of correction weights, are cast in linear matrix inequality (LMI) forms and solved with the numerical algorithms developed in convex optimization theory. The effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed method have been illustrated by solving two numerical balancing examples with complicated requirements. It is believed that the new methods developed in this work will help in reducing the time and cost of the original equipment manufacturer or field balancing procedures by finding an optimum solution of difficult balancing problems. The resulting method is called the optimum min-max LMI balancing method.

Effects And Optimization Of Selected Operating Variables On Laccase Production From Pycnoporus Sanguineus In Stirred Tank Reactor.

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Naziz Saat ◽  
M. Suffian M Annuar ◽  
Zazali Alias ◽  
Baki Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Screening Experiments ◽  
Face Centered

Abstract The effects of selected variables in the production of laccase by Pycnoporus sanguineus using 2 L stirred tank reactor were investigated. Three operating variables namely agitation rate, aeration rate and pH were studied and optimized for maximum enzyme production. Screening experiments of the three variables were done using 2 level full factorial design (FFD). Analysis on factorial screening indicated laccase production was significantly influenced by agitation rate and pH and not aeration rate. The effect of agitation and pH were further optimized using face centered central composite (FCCCD) with fixed aeration rate. The initial factorial screening was augmented with new experiments in order to produce face-centered design for the optimization. Statistical analysis indicated the experimental data fitted well a quadratic model. Model validation was done through residual analysis. Maximum laccase production of 67.1 U L-1 was predicted and experimentally validated under the proposed optimum conditions.

Trends in Precision Manufacturing Based on Intelligent Design and Advanced Metrology

2013 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Numan Durakbasa ◽  
Gokcen Bas ◽  
Jorge Martin Bauer ◽  
Günther Poszvek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The One

ts of extreme importance in present time of worldwide international competition in industry and production engineering to safe time on the one hand and on the other keep an eye on increasingly higher costs of energy and raw materials. Comprehensive knowledge in the areas of market requirements, product and process development and design, intelligent metrology and end of life management are important presuppositions to achieve rapid, agile, waste free and cost-effective production of innovative, customized complex products using next-generation materials as well as to protect the environment by making zero emissions and improve environmental sustainability and reduce the use of energy by using intelligent manufacturing systems.

scholarly journals Semi-continuous Carotenoid Production in Bioreactor from Phaffia rhodozyma Using Agro-industrial Residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7501-7510
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Phaffia Rhodozyma ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
High Level

This work has studied the semi-continuous process for carotenoids production in the bioreactor by Phaffia rhodozyma (Y-17268) using agro-industrial residues as substrate. The kinetics process was evaluated using different cuts (25, 50, and 75%) every 96 h, until 288 h, to achieve a high level of productivity in total carotenoids. In a period of 192 h was obtained the maximum total carotenoids concentration (477 μg/g) with agro-industrial residues (100 g/L corn maceration water, 100 g/L crude glycerol, and 20 g/L rice parboiling water), under the following conditions: 250 rpm agitation rate, 1.5 vvm aeration rate, 25ºC, pH initial 4.0, with 50% working volume cut. It was obtained 42.51 μg/L .h of maximum productivity on total carotenoids, 0.063 g/L. h the maximum productivity on cells, and 0.067 h-1 specific maximum growth speeds. In this way, it was possible to achieve high production of carotenoids in a semi-continuous process and is a sustainable option to obtain this colorant on an industrial scale.

scholarly journals A Valuable Product of Microbial Cell Factories: Microbial Lipase

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Yao ◽  
Kaiquan Liu ◽  
Hongling Liu ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Ruiming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Multiple Reactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Valuable Product ◽  
Microbial Lipases ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

As a powerful factory, microbial cells produce a variety of enzymes, such as lipase. Lipase has a wide range of actions and participates in multiple reactions, and they can catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into its component free fatty acids and glycerol backbone. Lipase exists widely in nature, most prominently in plants, animals and microorganisms, among which microorganisms are the most important source of lipase. Microbial lipases have been adapted for numerous industrial applications due to their substrate specificity, heterogeneous patterns of expression and versatility (i.e., capacity to catalyze reactions at the extremes of pH and temperature as well as in the presence of metal ions and organic solvents). Now they have been introduced into applications involving the production and processing of food, pharmaceutics, paper making, detergents, biodiesel fuels, and so on. In this mini-review, we will focus on the most up-to-date research on microbial lipases and their commercial and industrial applications. We will also discuss and predict future applications of these important technologies.

scholarly journals Characterizaton of Thermochemical Conversion Processes in a Technical-Scale Fixed-Bed Reactor: Pyrolysis and Gasification

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diéguez-Alonso ◽  
A. Anca-Couce ◽  
F. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Process Characterization

<p>Consolidated industrial application of biomass thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis and gasification, requires the development and application of control and optimization techniques. To this end, on-line process characterization, regarding mainly product distribution and composition under similar conditions as the ones encountered in industrial applications is needed. In the present study, slow pyrolysis and updraft gasification of thermally thick particles in a technical scale fixed-bed reactor are carried out under several process conditions. Different raw materials are used: pine wood chips, beech-wood spheres and cellulose. In pyrolysis, the increasing influence of transport phenomena in the conversion process due to the use of a technical-scale reactor and thermally thick wood particles is analysed through the temperature distribution inside the bed during the process together with the char properties characterization taken from four different positions inside the bed. The influence of process conditions, such as the N<sub>2</sub> flow rate, on the products composition and distribution is also analysed. In gasification, the influence of the air to fuel ratio on the product gas composition is characterized, as well as the qualitative evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) representative species in the volatiles vapours by applying laser-induced fluorescence (LIF).</p>

scholarly journals Improvement of Biogas Yield by Pre-Treating Poultry Waste with Bacterial Strains

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5601
Author(s):  
Krystyna Cybulska ◽  
Ilona Kołosowska ◽  
Karol Kramkowski ◽  
Monika Karpińska ◽  
Katarzyna Roszkowicz-Ostrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Biological Sludge

Poultry waste is increasingly used as a substrate for the methane fermentation process in a biogas plant. However, not all waste materials processed in the meat industry meet the criteria for optimal process management and cost-effective methane efficiency. An example may be centrifuged biological sludge, etc. Treatment of such material used as a substrate by introducing new metabolically and enzymatically active strains of bacteria could be beneficial for the fermentation process in a biogas plant and provide increased energy efficiency. The aim of the study was to compare the amount and quality of biogas obtained from biological sludge from the processing of poultry vaccinated with metabolically diversified bacterial inoculum after initial incubation of the batch before the actual process in a biofermenter. Laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the guidelines contained in the DIN 38 414-S8 and VDI 4630 standards. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the optimized biological sludge can be used as a substrate in the methane fermentation process in a biogas plant. The material processed by the combination of bacterial strains marked with the symbols A/C, E/G, and F/H showed a significantly increased efficiency of biogas, including methane, compared to the non-grafted material. This is a good predictor for industrial applications, process feasibility, economic viability, and environmental sustainability that should be compiled based on the results obtained from this study.

scholarly journals Using a Product’s Sustainability Space as a Design Exploration Tool

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Andrew T. Pack ◽  
Vicky Lofthouse ◽  
Tracy Bhamra
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Sustainable Product Development ◽  
Exploration Tool ◽  
Sustainable Product

Sustainable design is often practiced and assessed through the consideration of three essential areas: economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability. For even the simplest of products, the complexities of these three areas and their tradeoffs cause decision-making transparency to be lost in most practical situations. The existing field of multiobjective optimization offers a natural framework to define and explore a given design space. In this paper, a method for defining a product’s sustainability space (defined by economic, environmental, and social sustainability objectives) is outlined and used to explore the tradeoffs within the space, thus offering both the design team and the decision makers a means of better understanding the sustainability tradeoffs. This paper concludes that sustainable product development can indeed benefit from tradeoff characterization using multiobjective optimization techniques – even when using only basic models of sustainability. Interestingly, the unique characteristics of the three essential sustainable development areas lead to an alternative view of some traditional multiobjective optimization concepts, such as weak-Pareto optimality. The sustainable redesign of a machine to drill boreholes for water wells is presented as a practical example for method demonstration and discussion.

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