scholarly journals Characterizaton of Thermochemical Conversion Processes in a Technical-Scale Fixed-Bed Reactor: Pyrolysis and Gasification

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diéguez-Alonso ◽  
A. Anca-Couce ◽  
F. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Process Characterization

<p>Consolidated industrial application of biomass thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis and gasification, requires the development and application of control and optimization techniques. To this end, on-line process characterization, regarding mainly product distribution and composition under similar conditions as the ones encountered in industrial applications is needed. In the present study, slow pyrolysis and updraft gasification of thermally thick particles in a technical scale fixed-bed reactor are carried out under several process conditions. Different raw materials are used: pine wood chips, beech-wood spheres and cellulose. In pyrolysis, the increasing influence of transport phenomena in the conversion process due to the use of a technical-scale reactor and thermally thick wood particles is analysed through the temperature distribution inside the bed during the process together with the char properties characterization taken from four different positions inside the bed. The influence of process conditions, such as the N<sub>2</sub> flow rate, on the products composition and distribution is also analysed. In gasification, the influence of the air to fuel ratio on the product gas composition is characterized, as well as the qualitative evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) representative species in the volatiles vapours by applying laser-induced fluorescence (LIF).</p>

scholarly journals Experimental studies of intermediate pyrolysis of woody and agricultural biomass in a fixed bed reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Artur Bieniek ◽  
Wojciech Jerzak ◽  
Aneta Magdziarz
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Intermediate Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Biomass pyrolysis is an advanced process which leads to obtaining products as chars, primary tars and gases. Depending on pyrolysis conditions and reactor construction, the pyrolysis could be divided into three categories: slow, intermediate and fast. This work concerns the experimental analysis of an intermediate pyrolysis of biomass residues in a fixed bed reactor. As raw materials, pine bark and wheat straw were selected. Experiments were carried out at three temperatures: 400, 500 and 600 °C under constant volume flow rate of inert gas equal to 100 ml/min. Biomass samples were kept for 150 seconds in the hot zone. The main goal was to compare yields, elemental composition, and calorific values of received products under studied process conditions. The ultimate analysis of chars and organic fractions of oils was performed. Obtained results from ultimate analysis allowed to determine higher heating values by a theoretical correlation. The products of pyrolysis obtained at 600 °C characterized by the most energetic parameters. The higher heating value for organic fraction of tars was 31.62 MJ/kg while for char was 29.47 MJ/kg.

Research on Synthesis of Hexafluoropropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Jian Zhao Qin ◽  
Fang Fang Shan ◽  
Yao Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Group Metal ◽  
Sedimentation Method ◽  
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide

The synthesis of hexafluoropropylene oxide in fixed-bed reactor using HFP as raw materials and molecular oxygen as oxidant is studied in the present paper. The selectivity of HFPO on the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation can get 41.8%. The influence of the Ag/γ-Al2O3 catalyst modified by impregnation-sedimentation method and first group metal salts on synthesis reaction was investigated, as well as process conditions.

scholarly journals Combustion of Flax Shives, Beech Wood, Pure Woody Pseudo-Components and Their Chars: A Thermal and Kinetic Study

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourelhouda Boukaous ◽  
Lokmane Abdelouahed ◽  
Mustapha Chikhi ◽  
Abdeslam-Hassen Meniai ◽  
Chetna Mohabeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Shives

Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the combustion characteristics of flax shives, beech wood, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and their chars. The chars were prepared from raw materials in a fixed-bed reactor at 850 °C. In this study, the thermal behavior based on characteristic temperatures (ignition, maximum, and final temperatures), burnout time and maximum rate was investigated. The kinetic parameters for the combustion of different materials were determined based on the Coats-Redfern approach. The results of our study revealed that the combustion of pure pseudo-components behaved differently from that of biomass. Indeed, principal component analysis showed that the thermal behavior of both biomasses was generally similar to that of pure hemicellulose. However, pure cellulose and lignin showed different behaviors compared to flax shives, beech wood, and hemicellulose. Hemicellulose and cellulose chars had almost the same behaviors, while being different from biomass and lignin chars. Despite the difference between flax shives and beech wood, they showed almost the same thermal characteristics and apparent activation energies. Also, the combustion of the hemicellulose and cellulose chars showed that they have almost the same structure. Their overall thermal and kinetic behavior remained between that of biomass and lignin.

LPG Synthesis from Syngas over Cu/ZnO-Pd-β Catalysts Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Sudarat Chaiwatyothin ◽  
Wittawat Ratanathavorn ◽  
Tharapong Vitidsant ◽  
Prasert Reubroycharoen
Keyword(s):  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray ◽  
Co Conversion

Synthesis of nanoCu/ZnO catalyst for LPG production was prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). Hollow spherical particles were obtained by USP technique using an aqueous solution of Cu (NO3)3.6H2O and Zn (NO3)3.3H2O with different concentration of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 molar under the pyrolysis temperatures of 600, 700 and 800°C. Mists of the solution were generated from the precursor solution by ultra sonic vibrators at frequency of ~1.7 MHz. The physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The results showed that increasing in precursor concentration resulted in a large particle and particles size distributed in a range of 0.63-1.21 μm. Particles prepared at pyrolysis temperature 700°C exhibited homogeneous in size and shape compared to other temperature. The catalytic activity of nanoCu/ZnO-Pd-β catalysts was performed in a fixed-bed reactor for synthesizing LPG. The reaction took place at 260°C, 3.0 MPa, and the ratio of H2/CO = 2/1. All the products from the reactor were in gaseous state, and analyzed by on-line gas chromatography. The results showed that %CO conversion was high but decreased rapidly with increasing reaction time. Cu/ZnO catalyst prepared by co-precipitation gave higher %CO conversion than that prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. Moreover, hydrocarbon product distribution for Cu/ZnO catalyst produced at concentration 0.1 M 700°C by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis gave the highest LPG selectivity.

Effect of CO Conversion on the Product Distribution of a Co/Al2O3 Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Using a Fixed Bed Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragomir B. Bukur ◽  
Zhendong Pan ◽  
Wenping Ma ◽  
Gary Jacobs ◽  
Burtron H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Co Conversion

Effect of Silica Base Catalyst on Transformation of Methanol to Hydrocarbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supranee Lao-Ubol ◽  
Phunthinee Somwongsa ◽  
Pracha Laoauyporn ◽  
Pasinee Panith ◽  
Siriporn Larpkiattaworn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Methanol To Hydrocarbon

Five different types of silica catalyst (SBA-15, SBA-15-PO3H2, and three different Si/Al ratio of commercial zeolites (30, 80 and 280) were used to study the transformation of methanol to hydrocarbon (MTH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pore diameter and acidity in the structure of silica catalysts on the process performances in terms of methanol conversion and hydrocarbon selectivity. The mesoporous silica catalysts were prepared by co-condensation method. The catalysts samples were characterized by GC-MS, XRD, BET, and NH3-TPD techniques. The catalytic performance of synthesized and commercial catalysts for MTH process was evaluated using a homemade fixed bed reactor at temperature (300°C). It was found that the liquid hydrocarbon product provided by zeolite catalysts is aromatic hydrocarbons-rich. High Si/Al zeolites with larger pore size lead to higher selectivity and yield to paraffins (C1-C7). In contrast to commercial zeolite catalyst, SBA-15 and its modification with phosphorus species showed no conversion under studied condition. These results indicate that both pore diameter and acidity influence the product distribution in methanol to hydrocarbon process.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Copyrolysis of Lignite and Pistachio Seed in a Fixed-bed Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Özlem Onay
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Co-pyrolysis of lignite and pistachio seed (CPLPS) under nitrogen gas was performed in a Heinze retort. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on product distribution of CPLPS investigated under heating rate of 10°Cmin-1 and blending ratio of 50(wt)%. Biomass is higher yield to be pyrolyzed than lignite and addition of biomass promotes the pyrolysis of lignite. In the range of the experimental conditions investigated the yield of the product is proportional to pyrolysis temperature. On the other hand, considerable synergetic effects were observed during the co-pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor leading to increase in oil yield. Maximum pyrolysis oil yield of 27.2% was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 550°C. The obtained oils are characterized by GC, and elemental analysis.

scholarly journals Proses Pembuatan Biofuel dengan Metode perengakahan Menggunakan Katalis Padat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Agus Budianto ◽  
Ayuni Rita Sari ◽  
Yohana Winda Monica ◽  
Erlinda Ningsih ◽  
Esthi Kusdarini
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cracking Process

<table class="NormalTable"><tbody><tr><td width="200"><span class="fontstyle0">The development of population growth causes of fuels need increasing. Because of<br />that reason, it necessary to create alternative fuels which are friendly to the<br />environment to meet the fuels need in society. Fossil fuel is a non-renewable fuel.<br />Biofuel as an alternative fuel can be taken as a solution to solve this problem. The<br />reviewd aim was to determine the effect of raw materials used on yield product and<br />the different effects of temperature and catalysts on the yield of special materials<br />(gasoline, diesel, kerosene) biofuel. Biofuel production started from the<br />preparation of raw materials, catalylic, and catalytic cracking process using a<br />fixed bed reactor. Raw materials greatly affected yield product. The highest yield<br />products were being gotten from RBDPS raw materials of 93.29%. Biofuel from<br />used cooking oil and concentration of red sludge catalyst of 15% produced the<br />highest biofuel with gasoline compound of 73.86% and kerosene compound of<br />26.14%. Biofuel from camelina oil with ZSM-5-Zn catalyst concentration of 30%<br />produced the highest gasoline yield of 75.65%.</span></td></tr></tbody></table>

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