scholarly journals Poly(delta-gluconolactone) and Poly(delta-gluconolactone-ε-caprolactone) from delta-Gluconolactone and ε-Caprolactone by Ring-Opening Polymerization

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijiang Li ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Haohao Ren ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Zhengwen Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Ft Ir

Poly(delta-gluconolactone) (PGL) and poly(delta-gluconolactone-ε-caprolactone) (P(GL-CL)) were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, XRD, intrinsic viscosity, GPC, DSC, and TGA. The crystallinity of P(GL-CL) with various d-GL/CL ratios (d-GL/CL = 5 : 5, 4 : 6, 3 : 7, 2 : 8, and 1 : 9) was 12.09 to 59.78% while PGL was amorphous. Melting temperature (Tm) of these polymers was 49.8 to 62.0°C and decomposition temperature was 282 to 489°C depending on the d-GL/CL ratios. In addition, all these polymers were degradable and the degradation rates could be controlled by adjusting d-GL/CL ratios. These results indicated that PGL and P(GL-CL) might be promising novel absorbable materials.

Biodegradable Poly(lactic Acid)/TDI-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li Chen ◽  
Hui Xia Feng ◽  
Jing Wei Guo ◽  
He Ming Luo ◽  
Jian Hui Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Activated montmorillonite(MMT) was modified by toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and TDI-montmorillonite(TDI-MMT) was prepared. The characterization of TDI-MMT was carried out by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The results showed that TDI had been inserted to the interlayer of MMT and the interlayer spacing of MMT increased by 0.26nm. With stannous chloride as catalyst, the biodegradable polylactide acid/TDI-montmorillonite(PLA/TDI-MMT) nanocomposites were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization of lactide in the layer of TDI-MMT by in-situ polymerization. The structure and thermal stability of nanocomposites were investigated by XRD, FT-IR and thermogravimetry (TG). Exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained as shown by XRD results. FT-IR spectra confirmed that TDI-MMT participated in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. TG analysis indicated the decomposition temperature of nanocomposites rose and the thermal stability was improved contrast to the neat PLA. The effect of the content of TDI-MMT on the molecular weight and thermal stability of nanocomposites was studied. With the increase of the proportion of TDI-MMT, the molecular weight of resultant nanocomposites decreased and the decomposition temperature rose at the range of experiment research.

Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of PLA / P3HT Blends Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Maan Abd-Alameer Salih ◽  
Q.S. Kareem ◽  
Mohammed Hadi Shinen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conductivity Increase ◽  
Ft Ir

In this exploration Poly lactic corrosive (PLA) was orchestrated the ring-opening polymerization Poly lactic corrosive (PLA) blended with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) which prepared by solution. Blends thin films Synthesis by spin coating technique and using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent. PLA powder was 'characterized by' 'X-ray' 'diffraction', '(FT-IR)'. pure Optical properties (PLA), (PLA)/P3HT blends thin films with different percentage of P3HT (0, 1, 2, and 3) wt% were investigated using UV-VS spectroscopy The results showed that the absorption, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and conductivity increase with increasing the rate of deformation P3HT, The energy gap decreases with increasing deformation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of poly(1-methyltrimethylene carbonate) (PMTMC) by mean ring-opening polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jesús Miguel Contreras Ramírez ◽  
Meribary Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Thermal Polymerization ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Ft Ir

  In this work, the activity of samarium (III) acetate (Sm(OAc)3) was evaluated as a possible initiator in the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of 1-methyltrimethylene carbonate (MTMC). The effects of temperature (Tr) and monomer-initiator molar ratio (M/I) on the molecular characteristics (conversion, dispersity, and molar mass) of the polymers obtained were analyzed. The reaction temperature was varied between 90 and 160 °C and the molar ratio M/I between 200 and 1000. The molar mass of the products was obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), while its structure was analyzed using FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Thermal polymerization experiments (in the absence of an initiator) were performed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the initiator. The comparison between the thermal polymerization of MTMC and its polymerization in the presence of Sm(OAc)3, suggests that acetate has very low catalytic activity as the initiator of the ROP of PMTMC. The molar masses of the polymers obtained ranged between 6000 and 10000 Dalton, and the monomer to polymer conversions varied between 9 and 30 %. SEC chromatograms showed monomodal and symmetric curves, suggesting that only one type of active species participates in the polymerization process. Based on the structural analysis, a polymerization mechanism was proposed in which the water possibly acts as the only active species that initiates the reaction.   Palabra clave: Samarium (III) acetate, ring-opening polymerization, 1-methyltrimethylenecarbonate, poly(1-methyltrimethylenecarbonate).   Abstract En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad del acetato de samario (III) (Sm(OAc)3) como posible iniciador en la polimerización de apertura de anillo (PAA) del carbonato de 1-metiltrimetileno (MTMC). Se analizaron los efectos de la temperatura (Tr) y relación molar monómero-iniciador (M/I) sobre las características moleculares (conversión, dispersidad y masa molar) de los polímeros obtenidos. La temperatura de reacción se varió entre 90 y 160 °C y la relación molar M/I entre 200 y 1000. La masa molar de los productos se obtuvo mediante cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño, mientras que su estructura fue analizada mediante espectroscopia FT-IR y 1H-RMN. Además, se realizaron algunos experimentos de polimerización térmica (en ausencia de iniciador) que sirvieron de referencia para evaluar la efectividad del iniciador. La comparación de los resultados obtenidos en la polimerización térmica y en presencia del Sm(OAc)3 indicó que este último presenta muy poca actividad catalítica como iniciador de la PAA de PMTMC. Las masas molares de los polímeros obtenidos oscilaron entre 6000 y 10000 Dalton, mientras que las conversiones de monómero a polímero variaron entre 9 y 30%. Los cromatogramas SEC mostraron curvas mono-modales y simétricas, indicando que en el proceso de polimerización participa un solo tipo de especie activa. En base al análisis estructural, mediante técnicas espectroscópicas, se propuso un mecanismo de reacción para la polimerización en la que el agua posiblemente actúa como la única especie activa iniciadora de la reacción.   Keywords: Acetato de samario (III), polimerización por apertura de anillo, 1-metiltrimetilencarbonato, poli(1-metiltrimetilencarbonato).  

Synthesis of miktoarm star-shaped and inverse star-block copolymers by a combination of ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry

e-Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Yan ◽  
Jianbo Li ◽  
Tianbin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Click Reaction ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Star Block Copolymer ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Miktoarm Star ◽  
Star Block Copolymers ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractBased on the combination of the “arm-first” and “core-first” strategies, the miktoarm star-shaped copolymer PLLA2PCL2 and the inverse star-block copolymer (PCL-b-PLLA)2-core-(PCL-b-PLLA)2 were designed and synthesized by the combination of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and a click reaction. The miktoarm star-shaped copolymer PLLA2PCL2 was synthesized by a click reaction of an azido macroinitiator PLLA2(N3)2 and HC≡C-PCL. The inverse star-block copolymer (PCL-b-PLLA)2-core-(PCL-b-PLLA)2 was synthesized by a click reaction of an azido macroinitiator (PCL-b-PLLA)2(N3)2 and HC≡C-PCL-b-PLLA. The structures of these star polymers were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). The inverse star-block copolymer could be used to study the potential relationship between polymer structure and properties, which has a unique structure and good crystallization properties.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Properties, and In Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixiu Liu ◽  
Xizhuang Bai ◽  
A. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Acidic Degradation

Random copolymers of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLGC) were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide (DLLA), glycolide (GA), andε-caprolactone (CL). The effects of CL on the copolymers were evaluated to prepare suitable copolymers with controlled properties. Our results showed that the CL content significantly influenced the thermal and mechanical properties of the copolymers and that the CL content in compositions could be altered to control properties of random copolymers. The in vitro hydrolytic degradation of the resulting implants showed that the degradation rate of PLGC was lower than that of PLGA, which could markedly reduce acidic degradation products. Finally, we demonstrated that higher CL contents in compositions slowed degradation rates.

A New Green Process for Synthesising High Quality PLLA Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1377-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li Shao ◽  
Xian Jue Zhou ◽  
Xue Chao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

Synthesis of Poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactides in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with co-solvent were studied. Effects of kinds of co-solvent on the molecular weight (MW) and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the resultant polymers were investigated by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The resultant polymers were also characterized with1H NMR,13C NMR and FT-IR. It was found that PLLA with high purity and almost without racemization could be obtained by this technology and the acetone is the best co-solvent for this kind of polymerization. By using stannous octoate as initiator and acetone as co-solvent, PLLA having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) near to 9×104and polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.7 was successfully synthesized.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Metal-mercaptoacetate hybrids and its application towards ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kannammal ◽  
B. Meeenarathi ◽  
V. Parthasarathy ◽  
Ramasamy Anbarasan
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Nmr Spectrum ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Abstract The Mn2+ and Mo6+ based Metal-mercaptoacetate (Metal-MA) hybrids were prepared by a simple acid-base titration method. The prepared Metal-MA hybrids were analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM, particle size analyser (PSA), XRD and EDX. The prepared Metal-MA hybrids were investigated to assess their catalytic activity for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) in the absence of an initiator at 160 oC in N2 atmosphere by varying the catalyst concentration and temperature. The catalytic activity of the Metal-MA hybrid towards the ROP of CL was concluded by the FTIR-RI method. The % yield, degradation temperature (Td), melting temperature (Tm) and molecular weight (Mw) of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were also investigated. The structure of PCL was comprehended by analysing its NMR spectrum. The activation energy (Ea) for the ROP of CL was determined as 10,363 Kcal/mol. A linear increase in Mw of PCL with the increasing [M0/I0] ratio was also noticed.

Green Synthesis of Poly(ρ-Dioxanone)-Modified Cellulose by Lipase-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization in Ionic Liquid

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Xiu Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Modified Cellulose

A new cellulose graft copolymer was synthesized by the lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ρ-dioxanone (PDO) onto cellulose in 1-N-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl). The structure of the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The obtained copolymers exhibited the different thermal stability by TGA after the graft copolymerization. The reaction media applied can be easily recycled and reused.

Properties of polylactide, obtained from lactic acid in the process of lactic fermentation of lactose in whey post production (waste)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (90) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
S. Maślanka ◽  
J. Juszczyński ◽  
T. Kraszewski ◽  
W. Oleksy
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Lactic Fermentation ◽  
Potential Applications

Purpose: This publication provides a description of RDC Glokor’s own research into the effectiveness of the lactic fermentation process of lactose, lactic acid concentration and polylactide (PLA) production by ring-opening polymerization obtained from the condensation of two molecules of lactic acid. Furthermore, this publication sets out to determine potential applications of the PLA as a commercial material with a selection of thermal properties. Design/methodology/approach: In the described research works, a lactic fermentation process was used in which lactose is converted to lactic acid with the participation of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Polylactide was obtained indirectly by Ring Opening Polymerization and by direct polymerization, straight from lactic acid, omitting the intermediate stages. Next, the obtained lactide and polylactide were examined by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR) to determine their purity. Thermal methods (TG, DSC) to determine thermoplastic properties, i.e. softening point, decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature. Findings: Obtained from waste whey, PLA and its copolymers are excellent biodegradable polymers that have the potential to be used in medicine as resorbable surgical strands, biopolymers for implant production, as well as in many industries including for the production of biodegradable bottles and disposable packaging, 3D printer cartridges. Research limitations/implications: The research on lactic acid and lactide polymerization described in this article is still a new issue that requires further research to optimize PLA processes with industry-specific thermoplastic and physicochemical properties. Originality/value: In the basic waste processing of milk, there is a large volume of whey sour, which is ecologically dangerous for waste treating. Due to the high content of lactose (up to 6%) this waste can be used as a raw material in the lactic fermentation process in which lactose is converted to lactic acid with the participation of lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid can be concentrated and subjected to a dehydration process to lactide, which in the final stage is subjected to the process of ring-opening polymerization in order to produce biodegradable polylactide. The described process of carrying out the lactose contained in PLA whey is an innovative way to obtain a biodegradable usable polymer, which can be used to replace plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene.

Dissolution of Cellulose and Synthesis of Cellulose-Graft-Poly (L-Lactide) via Ring-Opening Polymerization in an Ionic Liquid

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1897-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Xiao ◽  
Lin Dai ◽  
Jing He
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen ◽  
Organic Catalyst

Dissolution and homogeneous graft copolymerization of cellulose were performed in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) with L-lactide. The best synthetic condition of the cellulose-graft-poly (L-) (cellulose-g-PLLA) was that cellulose 0.6g, L-lactide 5.34g and 4-dimethylaminopyri lactide dine (DMAP) as an organic catalyst 0.69g reacted for 12 hours at 80°C. The synthesized AmimCl and cellulose graft copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC, TG and WAXD. The results indicated that AmimCl dissolved cellulose directly by destroying intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose and the grafting rate of the polymer reached 4.44, which was higher than that reported in AmimCl with Sn(oct)2 as a catalyst.

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