scholarly journals Effects of Two Types of 9-Month Adapted Physical Activity Program on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Balance in Moderate Sarcopenic Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piastra ◽  
L. Perasso ◽  
S. Lucarini ◽  
F. Monacelli ◽  
A. Bisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Adapted Physical Activity ◽  
European Working ◽  
Postural Training

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two types of 9-month adapted physical activity (APA) program, based on a muscle reinforcement training and a postural training, respectively, on muscle mass, muscle strength, and static balance in moderate sarcopenic older women. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was done in accordance with measurable variables and cut-off points suggested by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Seventy-two participants were randomly assigned to two groups: the muscle reinforcement training group (RESISTANCE) (n=35; 69.9 ± 2.7 years) and the postural training group (POSTURAL) (n=37; 70.0±2.8 years). Body composition, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated for sarcopenia assessment, whereas Sway Path, Sway Area, Stay Time, and Spatial Distance were evaluated for static balance assessment. Sixty-six participants completed the study (RESISTANCE group: n=33; POSTURAL group: n=33). Significant increases of muscle mass, SMI, and handgrip strength values were found in the RESISTANCE group, after muscle reinforcement program. No significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group, after postural training. Furthermore, RESISTANCE group showed significant improvements in static balance parameters, whereas no significant differences appeared in the POSTURAL group. On the whole, the results of this study suggest that the APA program based on muscle reinforcement applied on moderate sarcopenic older women was able to significantly improve muscle mass and muscle strength, and it was also more effective than the applied postural protocol in determining positive effects on static balance.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Liver Cirrhosis—Comparison of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia Criteria 2010 and 2019

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Traub ◽  
Ina Bergheim ◽  
Martin Eibisberger ◽  
Vanessa Stadlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
European Working ◽  
High Risk Populations

The European Working group on Sarcopenia in Older People recently updated the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. It is yet unclear how these modified criteria influence the rate of diagnosis in high risk populations, such as liver cirrhosis. We therefore assessed if the new diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia impacts on sarcopenia prevalence in liver cirrhosis. Within two years 114 cirrhotic patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. Sarcopenia was determined by muscle strength (handgrip strength), muscle mass (lumbal muscle index) and muscle performance (gait speed). Using the 2019 definition, the rate of pre-sarcopenia was significantly lower (30.7% versus 3.5%) due to the different starting points (2010 muscle mass, 2019 muscle strength) and cut-off values (muscle strength). The change in diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia drastically influences the rate of pre-sarcopenia diagnosis in cirrhotics. To evaluate, which diagnostic criteria should be chosen to diagnose sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis patients, prospective studies are needed.

scholarly journals Association of insufficient physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in individuals aged 50 years or more

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ribeiro dos SANTOS ◽  
Monique Yndawe Castanho ARAUJO ◽  
Michel Rocha CARDOSO ◽  
Vitor Cabrera BATISTA ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro CHRISTOFARO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association of insufficient physical activity in different domains with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in patients aged ³50 years. Methods: The sample consisted of 770 males and females. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when the individual had: (1) low muscle mass and muscle strength; or (2) low walking speed and low muscle mass; sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed when individuals were at risk of obesity and sarcopenia. Muscle mass was given by a predictive equation, and then the muscle mass index (in kg/m²) was given by muscle mass divided by height squared. Muscle strength, in kg, was given by measuring handgrip strength with a digital dynamometer. The 4m walk test evaluated walking sped. Low muscle mass, muscle strength, and walking speed were defined as the respective values below the 25th percentile, and risk of obesity was defined as body mass index ³25kg/m2. Results: Habitual physical activity was investigated by a questionnaire. Insufficient leisure-time physical activity was associated with sarcopenia (OR=2.55; 95%CI=1.10-5.88). In addition, insufficient leisure-time physical activity (OR=4.75; 95%CI=1.64-13.72), leisure-time and commuting physical activities (OR=2.49; 95%CI=1.02-6.11, and habitual physical activity (OR=3.55; 95%CI=1.0-11.79) were associated with sarcopenic obesity. Conclusion: Insufficient physical activity is associated with sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity in the study individuals aged ³50years.

Comparison between Original and Reviewed Consensus of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People: A Probabilistic Cross-Sectional Survey among Community-Dwelling Older People

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Erik Ramirez ◽  
Rogelio Salas ◽  
Cristina Bouzas ◽  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Working Group ◽  
European Working

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a consensus on sarcopenia in 2010 and updated it in 2019 (EWGSOP2) which included the use of specific cut-off points. The aim was to assess how much prevalence of sarcopenia differed between EWGSOP2 and EWGSOP, as well as the use of specific cut-off points to assess differences in presarcopenia versus probable sarcopenia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Observational, transversal, and comparative study (<i>n</i> = 1,283 older adults; 57% women). Anthropometrics and handgrip strength were measured, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass equation was defined. Conceptual and methodological definitions of EWGSOP and EWGSOP2 consensus were applied to calculate prevalence of presarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, and sarcopenia. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Using cut-off points recommended for European population, prevalence of sarcopenia with EWGSOP2 was lower (−6.6%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) than EWGSOP. The prevalence of probable sarcopenia (EWGSOP2) was higher (+7.8%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) than EWGSOP presarcopenia. The agreement between EGWGSOP and EWGSOP2 was moderated (<i>K</i> = 0.45; IC = 0.40–0.51). Using specific-population cut-off points for muscle strength and appendicular muscle mass, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia with EWGSOP2 was higher (46.5%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) than EWGSOP (1.8%). The agreement between EGWGSOP and EWGSOP2 was moderated (<i>K</i> = 0.48; IC = 0.42–0.52). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The new EWGSOP2 consensus underestimates the prevalence of sarcopenia, compared with EWGSOP using conventional cut-off points. The prevalence of presarcopenia with EWGSOP (low muscle mass) was lower than probable sarcopenia (low muscle strength) with the new EWGSOP2. In both cases, agreements between EWGSOP2 and EWGSOP were moderated. Discrepancies between the original and new consensus have implications on the primary health setting for identifying old and new cases for prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals POS0518 DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MUSCLE STRENGTH TESTS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF SARCOPENIA IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 493.1-493
Author(s):  
O. Dobrovolskaya ◽  
A. Efremova ◽  
N. Toroptsova ◽  
O. Nikitinskaya ◽  
A. Feklistov
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
European Working ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background:Motor disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be associated with sarcopenia (SP). The frequency of secondary SP in RA patients reaches 17 - 37% [1, 2]. Currently, in patients with RA muscle strength is evaluated by methods proposed in geriatric practice [3].Objectives:To determine the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of handgrip strength (HS) and chair stand test (5-times sit-to-stand, CST) for the diagnosis of sarcopenia (SP) in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:87 women (aged 40-75 years) with RA were enrolled in the study. We did not include patients with aseptic bone necrosis, femoral and knee endoprostheses and comorbidity that negatively affected on the bone tissue. All patients underwent handgrip strength by mechanical dynamometer and CST. Handgrip strength less than 16 kg and CST more than 15 seconds were the criteria for probable SP. Assessment of muscle mass was carried out by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry («Discovery A» Hologic, USA). Reduced muscle mass was determined as a decrease in appendicular muscle mass (AMM) < 15 kg or appendicular mass index (AMI) < 5.5 kg/m2. Confirmed SP was diagnosed when there was a combination of low muscle strength and reduced muscle mass. For both tests of muscle strength assessment, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy of the method, as well as their positive and negative predictor value for the diagnosis of SP were calculated.Results:Low handgrip strength and 5-times CST more than 15 seconds were found in 63 (72%) and 54 (62%) women, respectively. Among them only 20 (23%) patients had low AMM or AMI, so in these women SP was confirmed. For the handgrip strength the sensitivity of the method was 95%, and the specificity - only 34%, the diagnostic accuracy was 48%. The positive prognostic value of this test was 30%, and the negative value - 96%. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the CST were significantly lower than the handgrip strength and amounted to 50%, 21% and 28%, respectively. The prognostic value of this test, both positive (16%) and negative (58%), was also significantly lower than the assessment of handgrip strength in RA patients.We evaluated the diagnostic value of combination of two tests to identify individuals with probable SP: the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 65%, 30% and 39%, respectively. Negative and positive predictive values were 71% and 24%, respectively, for combination of 2 tests, which was better than using only CST, but worse than using only hand dynamometry.Conclusion:Muscle strength tests proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People have a low specificity, diagnostic accuracy and positive predictive values for detecting SP in RA patients, which requires the development of other methods of the first step of diagnosis of SP in RA patients.References:[1]Torii M, Hashimoto M, Hanai A, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Modern Rheumatology, 2018;29(4):589-595. doi:10.1080/14397595.2018.1510565[2]Vlietstra L, Stebbings S, Meredith-Jones K et al. Sarcopenia in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: The association with self-reported fatigue, physical function and obesity. PLoS ONE, 2019;14(6):e0217462. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217462[3]Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16-31. doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169Disclosure of Interests:None declared

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN THE PREDICTION OF LOW MUSCLE MASS IN HOSPITALIZED OLDER PATIENTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
V. Zanandrea ◽  
A.P. Rossi ◽  
M. Bertocchi ◽  
M. Zamboni
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Acute Care Unit

To the Editor: In the article entitled “Potential prognosticvalue of handgrip strength in older hospitalized patients”published in the first issue of The Journal of Frailty & Aging(1), Savino and colleagues presented the handgrip strength as apredictor of hospitalization length of stay in older patientsadmitted to an acute care unit. Authors reported an inverseassociation between muscle strength at the admission andsubsequent duration of the hospital stay, even after adjustmentfor potential confounders.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2: findings from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Chang Won Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
European Working ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background in October 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) updated their original definition of sarcopenia to reflect the scientific and clinical evidence that has accumulated over the last decade. Objective to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a large group of community-dwelling older adults using the EWGSOP2 definition and algorithm. Design a cross-sectional study. Setting the nationwide Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Subjects a total of 2,099 ambulatory community-dwelling older adults, aged 70–84 years (mean age, 75.9 ± 4.0 years; 49.8% women) who were enrolled in the KFACS. Methods physical function was assessed by handgrip strength, usual gait speed, the five-times-sit-to-stand test, the timed up-and-go test, and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results according to the criteria of the EWGSOP2, the sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength and low muscle quantity were present in 4.6–14.5% of men and 6.7–14.4% of women. The severe sarcopenia indicators of combined low muscle strength, low muscle quantity and low physical performance were present in 0.3–2.2% of men and 0.2–6.2% of women. Using the clinical algorithm with SARC-F as a screening tool, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia (2.2%), confirmed sarcopenia (1.4%) and severe sarcopenia (0.8%) was low. Conclusions the prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older individuals varied depending on which components of the revised EWGSOP2 definition were used, such as the tools used to measure muscle strength and the ASM indicators for low muscle mass.

scholarly journals Side-Alternating Vibration Training for Balance and Ankle Muscle Strength in Untrained Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Styliani I. Spiliopoulou ◽  
Ioannis G. Amiridis ◽  
Georgios Tsigganos ◽  
Vassilia Hatzitaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Ankle Muscle

Context: Side-alternating vibration (SAV) may help reduce the risk of falling by improving body balance control. Such training has been promoted as a strength-training intervention because it can increase muscle activation through an augmented excitatory input from the muscle spindles. Objective: To determine the effect of SAV training on static balance during 3 postural tasks of increasing difficulty and lower limb strength. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 21 healthy women were divided into training (n = 11; age = 43.35 ± 4.12 years, height = 169 ± 6.60 cm, mass = 68.33 ± 11.90 kg) and control (n = 10; age = 42.31 ± 3.73 years, height = 167 ± 4.32 cm, mass = 66.29 ± 10.74 kg) groups. Intervention(s): The training group completed a 9-week program during which participants performed 3 sessions per week of ten 15-second isometric contractions with a 30-second active rest of 3 exercises (half-squat, wide-stance squat, 1-legged half-squat) on an SAV plate (acceleration = 0.91–16.3g). The control group did not participate in any form of exercise over the 9-week period. Main Outcome Measure(s): We evaluated isokinetic and isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors and ankle plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, and evertors. Static balance was assessed using 3 tasks of increasing difficulty (quiet bipedal stance, tandem stance, 1-legged stance). The electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus was recorded during postural task performance, baseline and pretraining, immediately posttraining, and 15 days posttraining. Results: After training in the training group, ankle muscle strength improved (P = .03), whereas knee muscle strength remained unaltered (P = .13). Improved ankle-evertor strength was observed at all angular velocities (P = .001). Postural sway decreased in both directions but was greater in the mediolateral (P &lt; .001) than anteroposterior (P = .02) direction. The electromyographic activity of the peroneus longus increased during the sharpened tandem (P = .001) and 1-legged tasks (P = .007). No changes were seen in the control group for any measures. Conclusions: The SAV training could enhance ankle muscle strength and reduce postural sway during static balance performance. The reduction in mediolateral sway could be associated with the greater use of ankle evertors due to their strength improvement.

scholarly journals Impact of Meeting Different Guidelines for Protein Intake on Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Physically Active Older Women

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Nilsson ◽  
Diego Montiel Rojas ◽  
Fawzi Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Physical Limitations

The role of dietary protein intake on muscle mass and physical function in older adults is important for the prevention of age-related physical limitations. The aim of the present study was to elucidate links between dietary protein intake and muscle mass and physical function in older women meeting current guidelines of objectively assessed physical activity. In 106 women (65 to 70 years old), protein intake was assessed using a 6-day food record and participants were classified into high and low protein intake groups using two Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) thresholds (0.8 g·kg−1 bodyweight (BW) and 1.1 g·kg−1 BW). Body composition, aerobic fitness, and quadriceps strength were determined using standardized procedures, and self-reported physical function was assessed using the SF-12 Health Survey. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. Women below the 0.8 g·kg−1 BW threshold had a lower muscle mass (p < 0.05) with no differences in physical function variables. When based on the higher RDA threshold (1.1 g·kg−1 BW), in addition to significant differences in muscle mass, women below the higher threshold had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher likelihood of having physical limitations. In conclusion, the present study supports the RDA threshold of 0.8 g·kg−1 BW of proteins to prevent the loss of muscle mass and emphasizes the importance of the higher RDA threshold of at least 1.1 g·kg−1 BW to infer additional benefits on constructs of physical function. Our study also supports the role of protein intake for healthy ageing, even in older adults meeting guidelines for physical activity.

scholarly journals Objectively assessed physical activity patterns and physical function in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study in Taiwan

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e034645
Author(s):  
Ming-Chun Hsueh ◽  
Ru Rutherford ◽  
Chien-Chih Chou ◽  
Jong-Hwan Park ◽  
Hyun-Tae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Single Leg Stance

ObjectivesTo objectively assess light physical activity (PA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), step counts and number of 10 min MVPA bouts and their association with physical function among older adults.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingUrban community setting in Taiwan.Participants127 Taiwanese older adults aged over 65 years (mean age=70.8±5.3 years; 72% women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTriaxial accelerometers were used to measure PA variables for 10 hours/day for seven consecutive days. Then, five physical function components (handgrip strength, single-leg stance, 5-metre walk speed, timed up and go and sit-to-stand test) were measured. Multiple linear regressions were used to perform separate analyses for older men and women.ResultsFor older women, daily MVPA time (β: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.64; p=0.004), daily step counts (β: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.78; p=0.009) and number of 10 min MVPA bouts (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.53; p=0.049) were positively associated with handgrip strength after adjusting for accelerometer wear time, sedentary time and other confounders. Furthermore, daily MVPA time was positively associated with a single-leg stance (β: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.49; p=0.036) and higher daily step counts were associated with shorter walking speed performance (β: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.57, −0.001; p=0.049). None of the variables of the objectively assessed PA patterns was associated with physical function outcomes among older men due to their small sample size.ConclusionsDaily MVPA, MVPA bouts of at least 10 min and accumulated daily steps are important for improving physical function among older women. Future prospective research should establish causal associations between PA patterns and functional ability among older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document