A review of bacterial-degradation of pesticides

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Aislabie ◽  
G Lloyd-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degradative Enzymes

Pesticide fate in the environment is affected by microbial activity. Some pesticides are readily degraded by microorganisms, others have proven to be recalcitrant. A diverse group of bacteria, including members of the genera Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus, metabolize pesticides. Microbial degradation depends not only on the presence of microbes with the appropriate degradative enzymes, but also on a wide range of environmental parameters. This review describes recent advances in biodegradation of pesticides by addressing the biology and molecular characterization of some pesticide degrading bacteria.

Isolation of cyanide‐degrading bacteria and molecular characterization of its cyanide‐degrading nitrilase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayane Terada ◽  
Daisuke Komatsu ◽  
Takahiro Ogawa ◽  
Darin Flamandita ◽  
Muhamad Sahlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Belonolaimidae: Belonolaimus species.

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Mujeebur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Pest Risk Analysis ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pest Risk

Abstract The sting nematode, Belonolaimus spp., is one of the most destructive nematode pests of turfgrass and attacks a wide range of monocotyledonous plants and gymnosperms, including vegetables, legumes, cereals, etc. This chapter includes information on: geographical distribution; host ranges; symptoms; biology and life cycle; ecology; physiological races; economic importance; invasiveness; pest risk analysis; movement and means of dispersal; management measures; and detailed account of diagnosis procedures, such as morphological, biochemical, cytogenetic and molecular characterization, of Belonolaimus species.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Low-Density Polyethene (LDPE) Degrading Bacteria and Fungi from Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christabel Ndahebwa Muhonja ◽  
Gabriel Magoma ◽  
Mabel Imbuga ◽  
Huxley Mae Makonde
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Alkane Hydroxylase ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

This study aimed at molecular and biochemical characterization of low-density polyethene (LDPE) degrading fungi and bacteria from Dandora dumpsite, Nairobi. Twenty bacterial and 10 fungal isolates were identified using 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The highest fungal degradation was attributed to Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 while the highest bacterial degradation was attributed to Bacillus cereus strain A5,a and Brevibacillus borstelensis strain B2,2, respectively. Isolates were screened for their ability to produce extracellular laccase and esterase; Aspergillus fumigatus strain B2,2 exhibited the highest presence of laccase (15.67 mm) while Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 exhibited the highest presence of esterase (14.33 mm). Alkane hydroxylase-encoding genes were screened for using primer AlkB 1 which amplified the fragment of size 870 bp. Four bacterial samples were positive for the gene. Optimum growth temperature of the fungal isolates was 30°C. The possession of laccase, esterase, and alkane hydroxylase activities is suggested as key molecular basis for LDPE degrading capacity. Knowledge of optimum growth conditions will serve to better utilize microbes in the bioremediation of LDPE. The application of Aspergillus oryzae strain A5,1 and Bacillus cereus strain A5,a in polyethene degradation is a promising option in this kind of bioremediation as they exhibited significantly high levels of biodegradation. Further investigation of more alkane degrading genes in biodegrading microbes will inform the choice of the right microbial consortia for bioaugmentation strategies.

Molecular Characterization of Phenol-Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Different Egyptian Ecosystems

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Abd-El-Haleem ◽  
H. Moawad ◽  
E.A. Zaki ◽  
S. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

scholarly journals First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus in Chickens in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Giasuddin ◽  
Hyun-Jin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Avian Nephritis Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Virus Screening

Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are enteric viruses of poultry and have infected a wide range of poultry species worldwide, causing runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), which requires virus screening and results in serious economic damage. No confirmed cases have been reported from Bangladesh. In the present study, CAstV and ANV were monitored in Bangladesh. We monitored samples for CAstV and ANV and compared their genomic sequences to other reference strains. We found 8/31 flocks (25.8%) were positive for CAstV, 6/31 flocks (19.3%) had mixed infection of CAstV and ANV, and 1 flock (3.2%) was positive for ANV. Only ANV and a combination of CAstV and ANV were found in broilers and broiler breeders, but CAstV was found in all types of chickens. We isolated two of each from CAstV and ANV through specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs via the yolk sac route. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1b conserved region of CAstV and ANV suggested that the locally circulating strain was closely related to the strains isolated from India and Brazil. This report is the first molecular characterization of CAstV and ANV in Bangladesh. This study highlights that CAstV and ANV are circulating in Bangladeshi poultry.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of a Shiga ToxigenicEscherichia coli O113:H21 Strain Lacking eaeResponsible for a Cluster of Cases of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3357-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne W. Paton ◽  
Matthew C. Woodrow ◽  
Robyn M. Doyle ◽  
Janice A. Lanser ◽  
James C. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) strains are a diverse group of organisms capable of causing severe gastrointestinal disease in humans. Within the STEC family, certain strains appear to have greater virulence for humans. STEC strains carryingeae and belonging to serogroup O157 or O111 have been responsible for the vast majority of outbreaks of STEC disease reported to date. Here we describe a STEC O113:H21 strain lackingeae that was responsible for a cluster of three cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. This strain produces a single Stx2-related toxin and adheres efficiently to Henle 407 cells.

Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques for Polymer Nanocomposite Characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARYAM BATOOL ◽  
Muhammad Nouman Haider ◽  
Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymer Fillers ◽  
Principle Objective

Abstract During past decades, spectroscopic techniques find wide range of applications ranging from biological applications to the measurement of chemical composition and characterization of variety of substances i.e., polymers, nanocomposites etc. Nanocomposites are emerging and growing materials having wide variety of uses. To study the characteristic properties, characterize, and development of new materials using polymer nanocomposites, several molecular characterization techniques are available and are in use today. Principle objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge in current characterization techniques and to study the applications of fluorescence, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared, besides Raman molecular characterization techniques for characterization of polymers, filler, and composites. Fluorescence technique did not provide detailed analysis of materials while solid-state NMR spectroscopy determine silanol hydroxyl groups at the silica exterior in addition to their interactions with polymer and polymer-filler interfacial interactions (via relaxation time). For characterization of various kinds of functional groups in polymer/ fillers, infrared spectroscopy employed. While Raman spectroscopy finds extensive applications for analysis of carbon-based materials. Novelty of this review is that till yet very few review papers have been published which briefly describe all these mentioned techniques along their applications in a very simple and an effective way.

scholarly journals Eco-Epidemiological Profile and Molecular Characterization of Simian Foamy Virus in a Recently-Captured Invasive Population of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Miranda ◽  
Muniz ◽  
Moreira ◽  
Bueno ◽  
Kierulff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Foamy Virus ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Simian Foamy Virus ◽  
Old World ◽  
Leontopithecus Chrysomelas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Simian foamy viruses (SFV) infect a wide range of Old World and Neotropical primates (NP). Unlike Old World primates, little is known about the diversity and prevalence of SFV in NP, mainly from a free-living population. Phylogenetic analyses have shown that SFV coevolved with their hosts. However, viral strains infecting Leontopithecus chrysomelas did not behave as expected for this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the eco-epidemiological profile and molecular characterization of SFV in a recently captured invasive population of L. chrysomelas located in Niteroi/RJ using buccal swab as an alternative collection method. A prevalence of 34.8% (32/92) and a mean viral load of 4.7 log copies of SFV/106 cells were observed. With respect to time since capture, SFV prevalence was significantly higher in the group of animals sampled over 6 months after capture (55.2%) than in those more recently captured (25.4%) (p = 0.005). Infected solitary animals can contribute to SFV transmission between different groups in the population. SFV strains formed two distinct clades within the SFV infecting the Cebidae family. This is the first study to use buccal swabs as a tool to study SFV diversity and prevalence in a recently free-living NP population upon recent capture.

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