scholarly journals Acupoint Therapy on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Common Chronic Complications: A Review of Its Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Feng ◽  
Yuchen Fang ◽  
Yiqin Wang ◽  
Yiming Hao
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Acupoint Therapy ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
External Application ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Oxidative Stress Level ◽  
Point Injection ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Acupoint therapy is one of the therapeutic means in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) concerning acupoints and meridians, including manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion, external application, acupoint injection, and catgut embedding. In the treatment of diabetes and its common chronic complications, acupoint therapy has proved to have specific curative effect and notable advantages. Single or combined with western medicine, it has superior efficacy and less side effects than western medicine alone. Studying its mechanism can provide experimental basis for clinical treatment. Relevant researches in the recent 5 years mainly focused on the mechanism of electroacupuncture, point injection, catgut embedding, etc. in the treatment of diabetes and common diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and hepatopathy. The possible theories involve the regulation of nerve conduction, signal pathways, hormone level, protein expression, oxidative stress level, structure restoration, etc. The most studied acupoints are Zusanli (ST36), Shenshu (BL23), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Yishu (EX-B3), and Zhongwan (CV12). However, most of the studies have been based on diabetes model rats rather than clinical trials. Moreover, the mechanism of acupoint therapy treating other chronic complications like diabetic retinopathy and that of other effective methods like pressing ear with beans, auricular points plaster therapy, and external application remain unclear. Therefore, this aspect still awaits further research.

Hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
pp. 1849-1861
Author(s):  
Pratik Choudhary ◽  
Stephanie A. Amiel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Brain

Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose concentration) is the most important acute complication of the pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus. Low blood glucose impairs brain (and, potentially, cardiac) function. The brain has minimal endogenous stores of energy, with small amounts of glycogen in astroglial cells. The brain is therefore largely dependent on circulating glucose as the substrate to fuel cerebral metabolism and support cognitive performance. If blood glucose levels fall sufficiently, cognitive dysfunction is inevitable. In health, efficient glucose sensing and counterregulatory mechanisms exist to prevent clinically significant hypoglycaemia. These are impaired by diabetes and by its therapies. Patients with diabetes rank fear of hypoglycaemia as highly as fear of chronic complications such as nephropathy or retinopathy (1). Fear of hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia itself and attempts to avoid hypoglycaemia limit the degree to which glycaemic control can be intensified to reduce the risk of chronic complications of diabetes both for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of external application of compound Qingbi granules on acute gouty arthritis with dampness-heat syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shuang ren ◽  
Fanyan Meng ◽  
Yantong Liu ◽  
Yun Meng ◽  
Ning Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Application ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pain Improvement

Abstract Background and aim The use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) for treating acute gout has limitations, such as adverse reactions in the gastrointestinal tract and toxicity in the liver, kidney, and heart. Hence, a new safe and effective treatment approach needs to be explored to reduce the use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, incidence of adverse reactions, and patients’ burden. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the external application of compound Qingbi granules (CQBG) in treating acute gouty arthritis(AGA), providing evidence for designing a safe, effective, and optimized protocol for AGA comprehensive treatment. Methods A total of 90 patients in line with the diagnostic standard of AGA were recruited and randomly divided into control, T1, and T2 groups (30 in each group). All the participators in the three groups all received Western–medicine–bastic treatment (low-purine diet, drinking water more than 2000 mL/d, oral loxoprofen, and NAHCO 3 ). Besides, the T1 group received an external application of diclofenac diethylamine emulgel, while the T2 group received an external application of CQBG. The participants in the control group received single-use Western–medicine–bastic treatment. With a treatment course of 7 days and a follow-up of 7 days, the three groups were compared in terms of primary outcome indicators, including swelling, pain improvement, and change in pain duration and secondary outcome indicators, including serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, uric acid (UA) level, and change in the thickness of the inflammatory synovium of joints under ultrasound. Meanwhile, the safety of the protocol was evaluated. Results The three groups of patients had no apparent differences in age, body mass index, history of gout, complications, and so on before recruitment. A comparison between pretreatment and post-treatment revealed remarkable reductions in the arthralgia visual analog scale score(VAS) and the swelling score in the three groups after the treatment and the improvements in the T2 group were more significant than those in the T1 and control groups ( P < 0.05). Regarding the onset time of pain improvement and pain duration, the T2 group had more significant efficacy compared with the other two groups ( P < 0.05). The serum CRP and blood UA levels in the three groups significantly decreased after the treatment, but with no significant intergroup difference. The improvement in the thickness of the inflammatory synovium in joints tested by ultrasound was more significant in the T2 group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). For safety evaluations, no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was found. Conclusions The external application of CQBG combined with Western–medicine–basic treatment in patients with AGA improved arthralgia and swelling, shortened the period of taking NSAIDs, and reduced the levels of CRP and serum UA. Its therapeutic effect was significantly better than the effect of single-use Western-medicine-basic treatment. The study provided evidence for the clinical application of CQBG combined with Western medicine in treating AGA.

scholarly journals Effects of external application of compound Qingbi granules on acute gouty arthritis with dampness-heat syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shuang ren ◽  
Fanyan Meng ◽  
Yantong Liu ◽  
Yun Meng ◽  
Ning Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Application ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pain Improvement

Abstract Background and aim: The use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) for treating acute gout has limitations, such as adverse reactions in the gastrointestinal tract and toxicity in the liver, kidney, and heart. Hence, a new safe and effective treatment approach needs to be explored to reduce the use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, incidence of adverse reactions, and patients’ burden. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of the external application of compound Qingbi granules (CQBG) in treating acute gouty arthritis(AGA), providing evidence for designing a safe, effective, and optimized protocol for AGA comprehensive treatment.Methods: A total of 90 patients in line with the diagnostic standard of AGA were recruited and randomly divided into control, T1, and T2 groups (30 in each group). All the participators in the three groups all received Western–medicine–bastic treatment (low-purine diet, drinking water more than 2000 mL/d, oral loxoprofen, and NAHCO3). Besides, the T1 group received an external application of diclofenac diethylamine emulgel, while the T2 group received an external application of CQBG. The participants in the control group received single-use Western–medicine–bastic treatment. With a treatment course of 7 days and a follow-up of 7 days, the three groups were compared in terms of primary outcome indicators, including swelling, pain improvement, and change in pain duration and secondary outcome indicators, including serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, uric acid (UA) level, and change in the thickness of the inflammatory synovium of joints under ultrasound. Meanwhile, the safety of the protocol was evaluated.Results: The three groups of patients had no apparent differences in age, body mass index, history of gout, complications, and so on before recruitment. A comparison between pretreatment and post-treatment revealed remarkable reductions in the arthralgia visual analog scale score(VAS) and the swelling score in the three groups after the treatment and the improvements in the T2 group were more significant than those in the T1 and control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the onset time of pain improvement and pain duration, the T2 group had more significant efficacy compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The serum CRP and blood UA levels in the three groups significantly decreased after the treatment, but with no significant intergroup difference. The improvement in the thickness of the inflammatory synovium in joints tested by ultrasound was more significant in the T2 group than in the control group (P < 0.05). For safety evaluations, no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was found.Conclusions: The external application of CQBG combined with Western–medicine–basic treatment in patients with AGA improved arthralgia and swelling, shortened the period of taking NSAIDs, and reduced the levels of CRP and serum UA. Its therapeutic effect was significantly better than the effect of single-use Western-medicine-basic treatment. The study provided evidence for the clinical application of CQBG combined with Western medicine in treating AGA.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018020. Registered 27 August 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=27138

Prevention and management of type II diabetes chronic complications: the role of polyphenols (Mini-Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Pani ◽  
Francesco Baratta ◽  
Daniele Pastori ◽  
Mattia Coronati ◽  
Francesco Scaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Ischemic Events

: The numerous complications of diabetes may be at least in part generated by the oxidative stress associated with the constant state of hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are plant based secondary metabolites that have high potentials in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, in particular those that involve oxidative stress, such as complications of diabetes. The purpose of this narrative review is to show the main evidence regarding the role of polyphenols in treating and preventing these complications. For the bibliographic research, the papers published up to March 15, 2021 were considered and the search terms included words relating to polyphenols, their classes and some more known compounds, in association with the complications of diabetes. There are numerous studies showing how polyphenols are active against endothelial damage induced by diabetes, oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory states that are at the origin of the complications of diabetes. Compounds such as flavonoids, but also anthocyanins, stilbenes or lignans slow the progression of kidney damage, prevent ischemic events and diabetic nephropathy. Many of these studies are preclinical, in cellular or animal models. The role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications is undoubtedly promising. However, more clinical trials need to be implemented to understand the real effectiveness of these compounds.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties ofAzardiracta indicaandBougainvillea spectabilis:In VivoStudies in Murine Diabetes Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menakshi Bhat ◽  
Sandeepkumar K. Kothiwale ◽  
Amruta R. Tirmale ◽  
Shobha Y. Bhargava ◽  
Bimba N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by an increase in the blood glucose level. Treatment of diabetes is complicated due to multifactorial nature of the disease.Azadirachta indica Adr. JussandBougainvillea spectabilisare reported to have medicinal values including antidiabetic properties. In the present study usingin vivodiabetic murine model,A. indicaandB. spectabilischloroform, methanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated for the biochemical parameters important for controlling diabetes. It was found thatA. indicachloroform extract andB. spectabilisaqueous, methanolic extracts showed a good oral glucose tolerance and significantly reduced the intestinal glucosidase activity. Interestingly,A. indicachloroform andB. spectabilisaqueous extracts showed significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and hepatic, skeletal muscle glycogen content after 21 days of treatment. In immunohistochemical analysis, we observed a regeneration of insulin-producing cells and corresponding increase in the plasma insulin and c-peptide levels with the treatment ofA. indicachloroform andB. spectabilisaqueous, methanolic extracts. Analyzing the results, it is clear thatA. indicachloroform andB. spectabilisaqueous extracts are good candidates for developing new neutraceuticals treatment for diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Agomelatine Treatment on Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Rats: Concomitant Alterations in the Hippocampal Neuron Numbers

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özgür Can ◽  
Umut Üçel ◽  
Ümide Demir Özkay ◽  
Emel Ulupınar
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Researches that are related to the central nervous system complications of diabetes have indicated higher incidence of cognitive disorders in patients. Since the variety of nootropic drugs used in clinics is limited and none of them consistently improves the outcomes, new and effective drug alternatives are needed for the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive disorders. Based on the nootropic potential of agomelatine, the promising efficacy of this drug on cognitive impairments of diabetic rats was investigated in the current study. Experimental diabetes model was induced by streptozotocin. After development of diabetes-related cognitive impairments in rats, agomelatine (40 and 80 mg/kg) was administrated orally for two weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed by Morris water-maze and passive avoidance tests. Then, the total numbers of neurons in both dentate gyrus and Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1–3 subfields of the hippocampus were estimated by the optical fractionator method. Agomelatine treatment induced notable enhancement in the learning and memory performance of diabetic rats. Moreover, it reversed the neuronal loss in the hippocampal subregions of diabetic animals. Obtained results suggest that agomelatine has a significant potential for the treatment of diabetes-induced cognitive impairments. However, therapeutic efficacy of this drug in diabetic patients suffering from cognitive dysfunctions needs to be confirmed by further clinical trials.

scholarly journals Effects of external application of compound Qingbi granules on acute gouty arthritis with dampness-heat syndrome: A randomized control trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ren ◽  
Fanyan Meng ◽  
Yantong Liu ◽  
Yun Meng ◽  
Ning Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Medicine ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Application ◽  
Outcome Indicators ◽  
Acute Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Pain Duration ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pain Improvement

Abstract Background The use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) for treating acute gout has limitations, such as a high incidence of adverse reactions in the gastrointestinal tract and toxicity in the liver, kidney, and heart. Hence, a new safe and effective treatment approach to reduce the use of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, incidence of adverse reaction, and patients’ burden needs to be explored. This randomized controlled clinical trials investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of external application of compound Qingbi granules (CQBG) in treating acute gouty arthritis, providing evidence for designing a safe and effective optimization protocol of acute gouty arthritis (AGA) comprehensive treatment. Methods A total of 90 patients in line with the diagnostic standard of AGA were recruited and divided randomly into control, T1, and T2 groups (30 in each group). Participators in three groups all received Western–medicine–bastic treatment (low-purine diet, drinking water more than 2000 mL/d, oral loxoprofen, and NAHCO3). Besides, the T1 group received an external application of diclofenac diethylamine emulgel, while the T2 group received an external application of CQBG. Participators in control group were treated by single-use Western–medicine–bastic treatment. With a treatment course of 7 days and a follow-up for subsequent 7 days, the three groups were compared in terms of primary outcome indicators including swelling, pain improvement, and change in pain duration and secondary outcome indicators including serum C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), and change in thickness of the inflammatory synovium of joints under ultrasound. Meanwhile, the safety of the protocol was evaluated. Results The three groups of patients had no obvious differences in age, body mass index, history of gout, complication, and so on before recruitment. A comparison between pretreatment and post-treatment revealed remarkable reductions in the arthralgia VAS score and the swelling score in the three groups after the treatment and the improvements in the T2 group were more obvious than those in the T1 and control groups (P < 0.05). Regarding onset-time of pain improvement and pain duration, the T2 group had more significant efficacy compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The serum CRP and blood UA levels in the three groups significantly decreased after the treatment, but with no significant inter-group difference. The improvement in thickness of the inflammatory synovium in joints tested by ultrasound was more significant in the T2 group than in the control group (P < 0.05). For safety evaluations, no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events was found. Conclusions The external application of CQBG combined with Western–medicine–bastic treatment in patients with AGA improved arthralgia and swelling, shortened the period of taking NSAIDs, and reduced the levels of CRP and serum UA. Its therapeutic effect was significantly better than the effect of single-use Western medicine bastic treatment and additive diclofenac diethylamine emulgel. The study provided evidence for the clinical application of CQBG combined with Western medicine in treating AGA. Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018020. Registered 27 August 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=27138

scholarly journals Importance of educating patients in the control and treatment of diabetes / Značaj edukacije oboljelih u kontroli i liječenju dijabetesa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sanela Lipovac
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Group Education ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Control Diabetes

Unregulated diabetes has resulted in a large number of disabilities caused by damage to the eyes, kidneys, feet, and heart. In this regard, it is important to control diabetes, achieved good education.Education is a continuous process that improves the quality of life of patients.It involves a change of lifestyle.Overall training program about living with diabetes is conducted during a five-day stay at the clinic in groups of 6 participants.The goal: psychological adaptation and acceptance of the disease. One of the goals is to increase patients’autonomy in controlling their disease, and the prevention and delay of the occurrence of chronic complications.Set goals together patients and those educators (nurse, doctor and psychologist).The task of educators is that the guidelines to patients, and patients that these guidelines are applied in life.During group education, people gain a sense of belonging to a group of people who have similar or the same problems.This reduces the sense of psychological tension and contributes to relaxation and better concentration. In preparing the group takes into account that students have roughly the same interests and education, and that there is an age difference.Program of education should include all the basic information about diabetes, its treatment, nutrition, acute and chronic complications, self-control and physical activity.For the successful implementation of education, we need qualified educators, the necessary resources and materials.

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