scholarly journals Antidiabetic Properties ofAzardiracta indicaandBougainvillea spectabilis:In VivoStudies in Murine Diabetes Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menakshi Bhat ◽  
Sandeepkumar K. Kothiwale ◽  
Amruta R. Tirmale ◽  
Shobha Y. Bhargava ◽  
Bimba N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by an increase in the blood glucose level. Treatment of diabetes is complicated due to multifactorial nature of the disease.Azadirachta indica Adr. JussandBougainvillea spectabilisare reported to have medicinal values including antidiabetic properties. In the present study usingin vivodiabetic murine model,A. indicaandB. spectabilischloroform, methanolic and aqueous extracts were investigated for the biochemical parameters important for controlling diabetes. It was found thatA. indicachloroform extract andB. spectabilisaqueous, methanolic extracts showed a good oral glucose tolerance and significantly reduced the intestinal glucosidase activity. Interestingly,A. indicachloroform andB. spectabilisaqueous extracts showed significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and hepatic, skeletal muscle glycogen content after 21 days of treatment. In immunohistochemical analysis, we observed a regeneration of insulin-producing cells and corresponding increase in the plasma insulin and c-peptide levels with the treatment ofA. indicachloroform andB. spectabilisaqueous, methanolic extracts. Analyzing the results, it is clear thatA. indicachloroform andB. spectabilisaqueous extracts are good candidates for developing new neutraceuticals treatment for diabetes.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Malaria in Embu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bibianne Waiganjo ◽  
Gervason Moriasi ◽  
Jared Onyancha ◽  
Nelson Elias ◽  
Francis Muregi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Malaria is a deadly disease caused by a protozoan parasite whose mode of transmission is through a female Anopheles mosquito. It affects persons of all ages; however, pregnant mothers, young children, and the elderly suffer the most due to their dwindled immune state. The currently prescribed antimalarial drugs have been associated with adverse side effects ranging from intolerance to toxicity. Furthermore, the costs associated with conventional approach of managing malaria are arguably high especially for persons living in low-income countries, hence the need for alternative and complementary approaches. Medicinal plants offer a viable alternative because of their few associated side effects, are arguably cheaper, and are easily accessible. Based on the fact that studies involving antimalarial medicinal plants as potential sources of efficacious and cost-effective pharmacotherapies are far between, this research was designed to investigate antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of organic and aqueous extracts of selected plants used by Embu traditional medicine practitioners to treat malaria. The studied plants included Erythrina abyssinica (stem bark), Schkuhria pinnata (whole plant), Sterculia africana (stem bark), Terminalia brownii (leaves), Zanthoxylum chalybeum (leaves), Leonotis mollissima (leaves), Carissa edulis (leaves), Tithonia diversifolia (leaves and flowers), and Senna didymobotrya (leaves and pods). In vitro antiplasmodial activity studies of organic and water extracts were carried out against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistance (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In vivo antiplasmodial studies were done by Peter’s four-day suppression test to test for their in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei. Finally, cytotoxic effects and safety of the studied plant extracts were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) rapid calorimetric assay technique. The water and methanolic extracts of T. brownii and S. africana and dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica, S. pinnata, and T. diversifolia leaves revealed high in vitro antiplasmodial activities (IC50≤10 μg/ml). Further, moderate in vivo antimalarial activities were observed for water and methanolic extracts of L. mollissima and S. africana and for dichloromethane extracts of E. abyssinica and T. diversifolia leaves. In this study, aqueous extracts of T. brownii and S. africana demonstrated high antiplasmodial activity and high selectivity indices values (SI≥10) and were found to be safe. It was concluded that T. brownii and S. africana aqueous extracts were potent antiplasmodial agents. Further focused studies geared towards isolation of active constituents and determination of in vivo toxicities to ascertain their safety are warranted.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Indian Plants: A Good Source of Potent Amylase Inhibitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menakshi Bhat ◽  
Smita S. Zinjarde ◽  
Shobha Y. Bhargava ◽  
Ameeta Ravi Kumar ◽  
Bimba N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Eugenia Jambolana ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Bougainvillea Spectabilis ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Intestinal Glucosidases ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors

Diabetes is known as a multifactorial disease. The treatment of diabetes (Type II) is complicated due to the inherent patho-physiological factors related to this disease. One of the complications of diabetes is post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). Glucosidase inhibitors, particularlyα-amylase inhibitors are a class of compounds that helps in managing PPHG. Six ethno-botanically known plants having antidiabetic property namely,Azadirachta indicaAdr. Juss.;Murraya koenigii(L.) Sprengel;Ocimum tenuflorum(L.) (syn:Sanctum);Syzygium cumini(L.) Skeels (syn:Eugenia jambolana);Linum usitatissimum(L.) andBougainvillea spectabiliswere tested for their ability to inhibit glucosidase activity. The chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were prepared sequentially from either leaves or seeds of these plants. It was observed that the chloroform extract ofO. tenuflorum; B. spectabilis; M. koenigiiandS. cuminihave significantα-amylase inhibitory property. Plants extracts were further tested against murine pancreatic, liver and small intestinal crude enzyme preparations for glucosidase inhibitory activity. The three extracts ofO. tenuflorumand chloroform extract ofM. koenigishowed good inhibition of murine pancreatic and intestinal glucosidases as compared with acarbose, a known glucosidase inhibitor.

scholarly journals Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schreck ◽  
Matthias F. Melzig
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Caco2 Cells ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The traditional use of plants and their preparations in the treatment of diseases as a first medication in the past centuries indicates the presence of active components for specific targets in the natural material. Many of the tested plants in this study have been traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated symptoms in different cultural areas. Additionally, hypoglycemic effects, such as a decrease in blood glucose concentration, have been demonstrated in vivo for these plants. In order to determine the mode of action, the plants were prepared as methanolic and aqueous extracts and tested for their effects on intestinal glucose and fructose absorption in Caco2 cells. The results of this screening showed significant and reproducible inhibition of glucose uptake between 40 and 80% by methanolic extracts made from the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Lycium chinense, and Vaccinium myrtillus; the leaves of Brassica oleracea, Juglans regia, and Peumus boldus; and the roots of Adenophora triphylla. Furthermore, glucose uptake was inhibited between 50 and 70% by aqueous extracts made from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides and the fruit skin of Malus domestica. The methanolic extracts of Juglans regia and Peumus boldus inhibited the fructose transport between 30 and 40% in Caco2 cells as well. These findings can be considered as fundamental work for further research regarding the treatment of obesity-correlated diseases, such as Diabetes mellitus type 2.

scholarly journals In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottl. Ex Vahl.) Wt.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasu Kandati ◽  
P Govardhan ◽  
Ch Siva Reddy ◽  
A Ravinder Nath ◽  
R R Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity (by both in-vitro and in-vivo) of both chloroform and methanol root extracts of Andrographis serpyllifolia (Rottl. Ex Vahl.) Wt. Methods used for the studies were In-vitro 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition assay and In-vivo measurement of rat paw edema and ear edema in rats, acetic acid induced writhing response and hot plate method in albino mice. Chloroform and methanolic extracts of A. serpyllifolia root have shown moderate potency in inhibiting 5-LOX and shown significant anti-inflammatory activity. Despite the IC50 values are little higher, anti-inflammatory efficacy of these extracts possibly due to other mechanisms apart of 5-LOX inhibition. However, In-vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that A. serpyllifolia methanolic extract has shown higher degree of efficacy when compared to the chloroform extract. In terms of analgesic activity in writhing test, methanolic extract has shown more efficacy than chloroform extract. Hence, it is important to isolate the active principles for further testing the anti-inflammatory efficacy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i8.11250 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(8): 199-204 

scholarly journals In vitro Anti-inflammatory Properties in Various Extracts (Ethanol, Chloroform and Aqueous) of Kaempferia galanga Linn Rhizome

2021 ◽  
pp. 476-481
Author(s):  
Hooriyah Laiq Ahmed Khan ◽  
G. Sridevi ◽  
J. Selvaraj ◽  
S. Preetha
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
One Way Anova

Introduction: Kaempferia galanga is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae: ginger family. It is treated as a folk traditional herb. Anti Inflammatory property refers to the ability of a substance to reduce inflammation or any of its 5 cardinal signs. Aim: To assess and compare in vitro the anti-inflammatory properties of various extracts (ethanol, chloroform and aqueous) of Kaempferia galanga L Rhizome. Materials and Methods: Protein Denaturation Inhibition was carried out in vitro and statistical analysis was done using ONE WAY -ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Tests. The test was done in triplicates. Results: Chloroform extract of Kaempferia galanga rhizome has the best anti-inflammatory potential followed by Ethanol and Aqueous extracts of the rhizome. Conclusion: With further in vivo and clinical research, the chloroform, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Kaempferia galanga can be recommended as a novel, innovative and potent anti-inflammatory drug in the market as it’s natural and doesn’t have side effects.

scholarly journals Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities in vitro by extracts of selected medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Pant ◽  
BIVA ARYAL ◽  
DAMA PUN ◽  
SUSHILA SHARMA ◽  
GIRI PRASAD JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Pant DR, Aryal B, Pun D, Sharma S, Joshi GP. 2021. Inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities in vitro by extracts of selected medicinal plants. Biodiversitas 22: 1187-1193. Several medicinal plants are being used traditionally in the treatment/management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The present work focuses on experimental verification of antidiabetic potential of different medicinal plants that have been reported to be used traditionally to manage DM. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of 12 species of plants were studied for their inhibitory effect on the activities of a-amylase and a-glucosidase, two key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism. The extracts of all the species showed very high degree (nearly 90% or above) of inhibition of α-amylase irrespective of the extraction solvent. The aqueous extracts of Asterella wallichiana, however, showed only 63.60% inhibition of a-amylase. Except for Asterella wallichiana, the percentage inhibition of a-amylase in aqueous and methanolic solution in all the species tested were almost similar. The percentage inhibition of a-glucosidase was lower than that of a-amylase for all the species in both types of extraction medium. The highest percentage inhibition of a-glucosidase (81.13±1.36 %) was found in methanolic extracts of Rhuschinensis. The inhibition of a-glucosidase was much higher in methanolic extracts than in aqueous extracts for all the species tested. High degree of inhibition of a-amylase activity in vitro by the extracts of all the species tested provides scientific basis for using these plants in the management/treatment of diabetes in traditional medicine.

Molecular iodine synergized and sensitized neuroblastoma cells to the antineoplastic effect of ATRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 699-710
Author(s):  
Irasema Mendieta ◽  
Gabriel Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Bertha Rueda-Zarazúa ◽  
Julia Rodríguez-Castelán ◽  
Winniberg Álvarez-León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Disease ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Survivin Expression ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Adjuvant Effect

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid childhood tumor, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is used as a treatment to decrease minimal residual disease. Molecular iodine (I2) induces differentiation and/or apoptosis in several neoplastic cells through activation of PPARγ nuclear receptors. Here, we analyzed whether the coadministration of I2 and ATRA increases the efficacy of NB treatment. ATRA-sensitive (SH-SY5Y), partially-sensitive (SK-N-BE(2)), and non-sensitive (SK-N-AS) NB cells were used to analyze the effect of I2 and ATRA in vitro and in xenografts (Foxn1 nu/nu mice), exploring actions on cellular viability, differentiation, and molecular responses. In the SH-SY5Y cells, 200 μM I2 caused a 100-fold (0.01 µM) reduction in the antiproliferative dose of ATRA and promoted neurite extension and neural marker expression (tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tyrosine kinase receptor alpha (Trk-A)). In SK-N-AS, the I2 supplement sensitized these cells to 0.1 μM ATRA, increasing the ATRA-receptor (RARα) and PPARγ expression, and decreasing the Survivin expression. The I2 supplement increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in SK-N-AS suggesting the participation of mitochondrial-mediated mechanisms involved in the sensibilization to ATRA. In vivo, oral I2 supplementation (0.025%) synergized the antitumor effect of ATRA (1.5 mg/kg BW) and prevented side effects (body weight loss and diarrhea episodes). The immunohistochemical analysis showed that I2 supplementation decreased the intratumoral vasculature (CD34). We suggest that the I2 + ATRA combination should be studied in preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate its potential adjuvant effect in addition to conventional treatments.

scholarly journals RNF141 interacts with KRAS to promote colorectal cancer progression

Oncogene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuna Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Jiang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Shiying Dou ◽  
Xiaoli Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation

AbstractRING finger proteins (RNFs) play a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. RNF141 is a member of RNFs family; however, its clinical significance, roles, and mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression of RNF141 in 64 pairs of CRC and adjacent normal tissues by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. We found that there was more expression of RNF141 in CRC tissue compared with its adjacent normal tissue and high RNF141 expression associated with T stage. In vivo and in vitro functional experiments were conducted and revealed the oncogenic role of RNF141 in CRC. RNF141 knockdown suppressed proliferation, arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, inhibited migration, invasion and HUVEC tube formation but promoted apoptosis, whereas RNF141 overexpression exerted the opposite effects in CRC cells. The subcutaneous xenograft models showed that RNF141 knockdown reduced tumor growth, but its overexpression promoted tumor growth. Mechanistically, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated RNF141 interacted with KRAS, which was confirmed by Co-immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence assay. Further analysis with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assays showed that RNF141 could directly bind to KRAS. Importantly, the upregulation of RNF141 increased GTP-bound KRAS, but its knockdown resulted in a reduction accordingly. Next, we demonstrated that RNF141 induced KRAS activation via increasing its enrichment on the plasma membrane not altering total KRAS expression, which was facilitated by the interaction with LYPLA1. Moreover, KRAS silencing partially abolished the effect of RNF141 on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, our findings presented that RNF141 functioned as an oncogene by upregulating KRAS activity in a manner of promoting KRAS enrichment on the plasma membrane in CRC.

scholarly journals Characterisation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds by UHPLC-Qtof-MS and anti-amylase activity from the chloroform extract of the bark of Rhizophora mucronata

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Resmi ◽  
G. Jitha ◽  
Vishnu Murali ◽  
Anu Gopinath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Abstract Background Medicinal importance of mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata, a red mangrove species found in the Asian countries, has long been recognised in traditional systems of medicine. The identification of its phytoconstituents can be a starting point for the drug development. The aim of the work was to extend the current knowledge of phytoconstituents from R. mucronata and to explore its pharmacological importance in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we analysed the chloroform extract from the bark of the mangrove plant R. mucronata for nitrogen-containing constituents using UHPLC QTOF MS profiling, and α-amylase inhibition assay was carried out. Results Four nitrogen-containing compounds were identified from the chloroform extract of the bark of R. mucronata using UHPLC QTOF MS profiling. The compounds identified were N,N′-dicyclohexyl urea, a cryptolepine derivative (C17H15N3O), an aliphatic cyclic compound with hydroxyl and amino groups (C22H43NO), and C16H19NO2 (m/z 258.1495). The anti-amylase activity, an in vitro antidiabetic bioassay, of chloroform extract showed an IC50 value of 220.09 μg/ml. Conclusions This is the first report on the identification of nitrogen-containing compounds from the chloroform extract of the bark of the R. Mucronata. One of the compounds identified was a novel cryptolepine derivative (C16H13N3O), and it falls under the rare category indoloquinoline alkaloid. The chloroform extract also showed significant activity towards α-amylase inhibition assay. Thus, the study has gone some way towards our understanding of the efficacy of bark of the R. mucronata for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and is open for further research.

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