scholarly journals Pretreatment of Real Wastewater from the Chocolate Manufacturing Industry through an Integrated Process of Electrocoagulation and Sand Filtration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. García-Morales ◽  
Julio César González Juárez ◽  
Sonia Martínez-Gallegos ◽  
Gabriela Roa-Morales ◽  
Ever Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Real Wastewater

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of removal of suspended solids in terms of turbidity, color, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) when integrating the electrocoagulation process using aluminum sacrificial anodes and the sand filtration process as a pretreatment of wastewater from the chocolate manufacturing plant in Toluca, México. Wastewater from the chocolate manufacturing industry used in this study is classified as nontoxic, but is characterized as having a high content of color (5952 ± 76 Pt-Co), turbidity (1648 ± 49 FAU), and COD (3608 ± 250 mg/L). Therefore, enhanced performance could be achieved by combining pretreatment techniques to increase the efficiencies of the physical, chemical, and biological treatments. In the integrated process, there was a turbidity reduction of 96.1 ± 0.2% and an increase in dissolved oxygen from 3.8 ± 0.05 mg/L (inlet sand filtration) to 6.05 ± 0.03 mg/L (outlet sand filtration) after 120 min of treatment. These results indicate good water quality necessary for all forms of elemental life. Color and COD removals were 98.2 ± 0.2% and 39.02 ± 2.2%, respectively, during the electrocoagulation process (0.2915 mA/cm2 current density and 120 min of treatment). The proposed integrated process could be an attractive alternative of pretreatment of real wastewater to increase water quality of conventional treatments.

scholarly journals Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teck-Yee Ling ◽  
Chen-Lin Soo ◽  
Jing-Jing Liew ◽  
Lee Nyanti ◽  
Siong-Fong Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Tropical River ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Data Set

The present study evaluated the spatial variations of surface water quality in a tropical river using multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty physicochemical parameters were measured at 30 stations along the Batang Baram and its tributaries. The water quality of the Batang Baram was categorized as “slightly polluted” where the chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were the most deteriorated parameters. The CA grouped the 30 stations into four clusters which shared similar characteristics within the same cluster, representing the upstream, middle, and downstream regions of the main river and the tributaries from the middle to downstream regions of the river. The PCA has determined a reduced number of six principal components that explained 83.6% of the data set variance. The first PC indicated that the total suspended solids, turbidity, and hydrogen sulphide were the dominant polluting factors which is attributed to the logging activities, followed by the five-day biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen in the second PC which are related to the discharges from domestic wastewater. The components also imply that logging activities are the major anthropogenic activities responsible for water quality variations in the Batang Baram when compared to the domestic wastewater discharge.

Comparative Study of Water Quality due to Retting of Crushed and Uncrushed Kenaf Stems

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 969-973
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah Ghazali ◽  
Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin ◽  
Nabilah Huda Abdul Halim ◽  
Janmaizatulriah Mohd Jani ◽  
Sharifah Aminah Syed Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Standards ◽  
Water Based

A comparative study on the quality of crushed and uncrushed kenaf retting water is presented in this paper. A number of parameters used in the assessment of water quality are examined in this study, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and suspended solids (SS). The results reveal that both crushed and uncrushed kenaf retting water samples do not fulfil the requirements stipulated in the effluent standards. In addition, the quality of crushed kenaf retting water is poorer compared to that for uncrushed kenaf retting water. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that the retting process adversely affects the physicochemical properties of water and therefore water treatment is necessary before the water is being discharged downstream into ponds, lakes and rivers.

Optimal rainwater tank design for control of particulate contaminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusik Won ◽  
Mooyoung Han ◽  
Hyunju Park ◽  
Mikyeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Rainwater Tank ◽  
Tank Design ◽  
Particulate Contaminants

Abstract Rainwater systems, which collect rainfall from the roof surface, are an attractive alternative technology, and one of the cleanest water resources. Microorganisms can be treated by disinfection processes or by inducing a biofilm, but particulate matter can only be easily removed with effective storage tank design parameters. In this study, therefore, the effects of rainwater tank design parameters on the treatment of particulate contaminants are analyzed. The J-type inlet pipe seems to maintain stable rainwater quality by suppressing the resuspension of bottom sediments during rainfall inflow. The intermediate wall can prevent sediment from spreading to the whole storage tank, and provide functions such as securing the stable water quality of the outflow area and managing sediment flow to the inflow region. The baffles can simplify tank management such as sediment drainage and tank cleaning by leading to more sedimentation of particles in the unit area. Based on the water quality monitoring results of pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity at the field scale, it is possible to supply a certain quality of water by optimizing tank design parameters alone even if particulate contaminants flow into the rainwater tank.

Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 755-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Jian Liang ◽  
Yan Peng Lin ◽  
Rong Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

Statistical and Data Mining Techniques for Understanding Water Quality Profiles in a Mining-Affected River Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Simmonds ◽  
Juan A. Gómez ◽  
Agapito Ledezma
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Inverse Relation

This article contains a multivariate analysis (MV), data mining (DM) techniques and water quality index (WQI) metrics which were applied to a water quality dataset from three water quality monitoring stations in the Petaquilla River Basin, Panama, to understand the environmental stress on the river and to assess the feasibility for drinking. Principal Components and Factor Analysis (PCA/FA), indicated that the factors which changed the quality of the water for the two seasons differed. During the low flow season, water quality showed to be influenced by turbidity (NTU) and total suspended solids (TSS). For the high flow season, main changes on water quality were characterized by an inverse relation of NTU and TSS with electrical conductivity (EC) and chlorides (Cl), followed by sources of agricultural pollution. To complement the MV analysis, DM techniques like cluster analysis (CA) and classification (CLA) was applied and to assess the quality of the water for drinking, a WQI.

scholarly journals Impact of Partially Treated Wastewater on Downstream Water Quality of Notwane River in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gilbert K. Gaboutloeloe ◽  
Gugu Molokwe ◽  
Benedict Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partially treated wastewater on the water quality of Notwane river stretch in the Gaborone region of Botswana was investigated. Water samples collected at effluent discharge point and three other sampling sites downstream were analyzed for pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ammonia-nitrogen (Ammonia-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (Nitrate-N). Sampling was conducted bi-weekly between February 2013 and April 2013. The ranges of measured parameters were:  pH (7.6-8.5), temperature (22-23ºC), BOD5 (11.2-27.0 mg/l), Ammonia-N (2.4-60.5 mg/l), Nitrate-N (20.6-28.6 mg/l). Analysis of variance, Games-Howel multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation were used to separate variable means. The results signal river non-point pollution due to runoff inflow of organics mainly from land use and domestic waste dumping by nearby dwellings. Temperature, BOD5, and pH range values were all within the Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) limit while the maximum Ammonia-N and Nitrate-N were above BOBS limit by 50.5 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l, respectively. Regulations on indiscriminate waste dumping and discharge standards adherence should be enforced.

scholarly journals WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY IN BYRAMANGALA LAKE WATER AND SURROUNDING GROUND WATER

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4RASM) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Babitha Rani ◽  
Dimple Bahri ◽  
Prabin Neupane ◽  
Kunal Kothari ◽  
Vishal Gadgihalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli

A study was carried out to find out the water quality ofByramangala lake of Ramanagara district. The water quality of Byramangala lake water and ground water from bore wells situated in the area within 600 meters surrounding the lake was analyzed. The quality analysis of various parameters such as BODs, COD, DO, E-Coli, and pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids and Total Hardness were tested. In addition, the presence of metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) in the lake water and ground water samples were tested. Results for the various tests conducted showed similar trends for both lake water and ground water. It was observed that certain parameters such as BOD5, and COD were beyond permissible limits as per the BIS standards for drinking water. A few remedial measures have been proposed that may help in mitigating the pollution in the selected project area Byramangala Lake.

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