scholarly journals Team Resilience in Complex and Turbulent Environments: The Effect of Size and Density of Social Interactions

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Giannoccaro ◽  
Giovanni F. Massari ◽  
Giuseppe Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Team Size ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Turbulent Environments ◽  
Team Resilience ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

How are teams able to cope with environmental threats? Why are some teams better than others in facing this challenge? This paper addresses these questions by investigating two drivers of team resilience: the team size and the density of social interactions among team members. We adopt a complex system approach and employ a model of team decision-making where collective dynamics of team members are governed by a continuous-time Markov process. The model simulates team performance in complex and turbulent environments. It is used to measure the resilient ability of team to quickly adapt to disturbance and secure a new more desirable condition. Scenarios characterized by increasing levels of complexity and turbulence are simulated, and the resilience performance is calculated and compared. Results show that the team size negatively affects the team resilience, whilst the density of social interactions plays a positive influence, especially at a high level of complexity. We also find that both the magnitude and the frequency of disturbance moderate the relationship between team size/density and the team resilience.

Arabic business relationship characteristics: a social capital perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Albin Shaikh ◽  
Sharon Purchase ◽  
Gregory Brush
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the development of social capital in an Arab business environment, and provide an in-depth description of the nature and role of three key Arabic business relationship characteristics (ehsan,et-mooneandwasta), their impact on each other and key influencing factors.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research design was used, in which face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with innovation teams (22 team members) at six industrial small and medium-sized enterprises in Saudi Arabia. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed (thematic coding) through NVivo.FindingsThe findings suggest thatwasta,ehsanandet-moonealign closely with the three social capital dimensions (structural, cognitive and relational); thus, developing these three relationship characteristics most likely results in developing social capital. The findings also expand the description of the three business relationship characteristics. Moreover,ehsan,et-mooneandwastaappear to influence each other, and are affected by other factors such as an individual’s age and position, and the duration of the relationship.Ehsanhas a positive influence on the development ofet-moone, while the existence ofet-mooneappears to be necessary for the establishment ofwasta-capital. A high level ofehsanmight influence the relationship betweenet-mooneandwasta-use and limit the negative usage ofwasta.Practical implicationsInternational managers can improve the level ofehsanin their organizational and business relationships through assigning incentives and playing the role of moral champion to encourageehsanbehavior. Managers aiming to increaseet-moonemay choose team members with a high level ofehsan, emphasizing the development of personal relationships, and providing opportunities for socialization both inside and outside the workplace. A high level ofehsanandet-moonewill assist managers to develop and usewasta.Originality/valueThis study makes a threefold contribution to the literature. First, it provides an expanded description of the three Arabic business relationship characteristics and how they align closely with the dimensions of social capital.Wastaaligns with the structural dimension andehsanaligns with the cognitive dimension, whileet-moonealigns closely with the relational dimension. Second, it suggests and shows how the three relationship characteristics might interact with each other.Ehsanappears to influenceet-moone, and also the relationship betweenet-mooneandwasta.Et-mooneappears to have a positive influence onwastause. Third, the findings also indicate that there might be other factors (e.g. age and position) that influence the interactions between the three business relationship characteristics.

scholarly journals Implications of ownership identity and insider’s supremacy on the economic performance of the listed companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Qaiser Rafique Yasser ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We adopt a multi-theoretic approach to investigate a previously unexplored phenomenon in extant literature, namely the differential impact of ownership identity and director dominate shareholding on the performance of emerging market firms. The main research question addressed is, whether the impact of this relationship is conditional on the identity of the block investor. First, the relationship between overall block ownership and firm performance is tested by employing multiple regressions on 500 firm-year observations for the period from 2007 to 2011. Then, the block ownership is classified as the state, individuals, insiders, financial institutions, corporate and foreign investors and the influence of these identities on firm performance is examined. It was found that only the ownership categories such as the government, institutions and foreign ownership have positive influence on the firm performance. The results also indicate that high level of insider ownership also negatively associated with the firm performance. The main contribution of this paper is the examination of the relationship between block ownership and firm performance from the perspective of the identity of investors

Taiwanese study shows job crafting is positively related to innovative work behaviour and relationship is mediated by team psychological Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Innovative Work Behaviour ◽  
High Level

Purpose This study aimed to test the cross-level effects of team job crafting on individual innovative work behaviour (IWB) and the mediating role of team psychological capital (PsyCap). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in two waves from 163 employees of 45 teams in 12 Taiwanese companies. The employees came from financial, IT and administration services. There were 73 women and 90 men. One questionnaire concerned team job crafting and the second questionnaire concerned PsyCap and IWB. Findings Results showed that team-level job crafting had a significant positive effect on IWB. Results also showed that team job crafting had a significant positive influence on the mediator, team PsyCap. Meanwhile, Team PsyCap had a positive impact on IWB. Finally, while testing the mediator, the main effect between team job crafting and IWB was found to be not significant. An indirect effect was found between team-level job crafting and IWB through team PsyCap. The results indicated that team PsyCap mediated the relationship between team job crafting and IWB. Originality/value The study highlighted a few recommendations for organizations to encourage positive behaviours in the workplace from a team perspective. Job crafting at the team level would encourage team members to display a high level of initiative. When job crafting received support from team members, employees were more likely to gain high self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism. The findings suggested that increasing job resources and challenging job demands might be an effective strategy for increasing innovation or creativity.

The role of shared leadership in enhancing the quantity and quality of team performance: The influence of perceived task complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of shared leadership on team performance in terms of quantity and quality and in addition the moderating effect of task complexity on this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered from 26 teams of students from a major university in Germany who completed a laboratory team decision-making exercise. Findings The results suggest that teams sharing leadership showed better team performance and made fewer errors. They achieved higher levels of quality of performance. In addition, if the team members viewed the task as highly complex then the quality of their performance was increased. Practical implications Therefore for organizations to optimize team performance shared leadership should be promoted, the SNA should be used to develop interventions and training and influencing perceptions of task complexity should be considered as an important strategy to stimulate shared leadership in teams. Originality/value This paper has an original approach by testing for the first time how perceived task complexity moderates the relationship between shared leadership and team performance and by developing an original team task to investigate shared leadership.

scholarly journals The relationship between resilience and empowering leader behaviour of nurse managers in the mining healthcare sector

Curationis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babalwa Tau ◽  
Emmerentia Du Plessis ◽  
Daleen Koen ◽  
Suria Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Team Members ◽  
High Staff Turnover ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The South African mining healthcare sector faces injuries, illnesses including HIV and AIDS and high staff turnover rates. In this sector, nurse managers should create an optimal environment for providing nursing care by motivating, influencing and empowering nurses.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nurse managers’ resilience and empowering leader behaviour in this sector.Method: The study employed a quantitative, descriptive and correlational design. The research population comprised 31 nurse managers, 101 professional nurses, 79 enrolled nurses and 79 enrolled nursing auxiliaries who participated in the study. Two questionnaires were used as data collection methods, namely Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale Questionnaire to investigate the resilience of nurse managers and the Empowering Leadership Questionnaire to measure empowering leader behaviour of the nurses supervised by a particular nurse manager.Results: Out of 31 nurse managers, 8 had a low level, 19 had a moderate level and 4 had a high level of resilience. According to Hoteling’s t-test the nurse managers in the low resilience group displayed lower empowering leader behaviour as perceived by their team members than those in the high resilience group in terms of the five factors included in the Empowerment Leadership Questionnaire.Conclusion: Respondents with high resilience scores tended to have higher leader empowering behaviour.Recommendations include the strengthening of nurse managers’ resilience through workshops and reflection practices, debriefing and performance feedback sessions.

scholarly journals Can Political Trust Weaken the Relationship between Perceived Environmental Threats and Perceived Nuclear Threats? Evidence from South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9816
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Lim ◽  
Kuk-Kyoung Moon
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

As environmental movements rage, how to handle nuclear power plants has become a hotly contested issue globally. While concerns about nuclear power plants are warranted, nuclear power plants may play a crucial role in climate change discourse. In this context, this study examines the connections between individuals’ perceived environmental threats and their perceptions of the environmental threats posed by nuclear power plants (perceived nuclear threats). In particular, the study explores whether such connections are moderated by individuals’ level of political trust, such that political trust helps weaken perceptions of threats individuals may feel from nuclear power plants. Using the 2014 Korean General Social Survey and ordered probit, this study confirmed that individuals’ perceived environmental threats were positively associated with their perceived nuclear threats. Additionally, individuals with a high level of trust in the government can help alleviate the positive link between individuals’ perceived environmental threats and perceived nuclear threats.

Humor as a Relationship Lubricant: The Implications of Leader Humor on Transformational Leadership Perceptions and Team Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jih-Yu Mao ◽  
Jack Ting-Ju Chiang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Ming Gao
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Leadership Perceptions ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, drawing on leader categorization theory, we examined the influencing processes of team leaders’ humor on their teams’ performance. Using a time-lagged study, including 244 leaders and 815 followers in a manufacturing firm in Northern China, we found that leaders’ humor is positively related to subordinates’ perceptions of transformational leadership, which in turn, has a positive effect on the team’s performance. In addition, we found that the relationship conflict between a team leader and his or her team members moderates the positive, indirect effect of leader humor on team performance through subordinates’ transformational leadership perceptions. When the relationship conflict between the leader and his or her team members is high, leader’s humor becomes more relevant to subordinates’ perceptions of leader’s transformational leadership, and therefore exerts a stronger positive influence on team performance. The model developed in this study furthered the current understandings on leader humor and its usefulness in practical settings.

The Role of Planning in Coordinated Team Decision Making: Implications for Training

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (18) ◽  
pp. 1238-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene'e Stout ◽  
Eduardo Salas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Decision Making ◽  
Team Planning ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Critical decisions are made every day by teams of individuals who must coordinate their activities to achieve effectiveness. Recently, researchers have suggested that shared mental models among team members may help them to make successful decisions. Several avenues for training shared mental models in teams exist, one of which is training in planning behaviors. The relationship between team planning, team shared mental models, and coordinated team decision making and performance is explored.

An integrated model of team resilience: exploring the roles of team sensemaking, team bricolage and task interdependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 2007-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Talat ◽  
Zahid Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Job Description ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Resilience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

PurposeThe contemporary organizational environment calls for work team members to be more resilient in the face of likely setbacks, which are routinely experienced at the workplace. In two separate studies of work teams, we examine the impact of team sensemaking on team bricolage and subsequently, on team resilience. These studies further investigate whether task interdependence moderates the mediation of team bricolage for the relationship between team sensemaking and team resilience. In brief, these two studies conceptualize and test the relevance of team sensemaking, team bricolage and task interdependence for team resilience.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 213 team members participated in the self-administered survey for Study 1. For Study 2, a second sample collected from 81 teams, elicited team-level data by consensus among team members.FindingsFindings show that team sensemaking as an antecedent has a significant and positive impact on team resilience. The results also show how and when the relationship between team sensemaking and team resilience is facilitated through an underlying mechanism of team bricolage in the presence of task interdependence among team members. This research improves the understanding about the relationship between team sensemaking and team resilience by examining the underlying mechanism and boundary condition under which the relationship is the strongest.Practical implicationsThese findings have important implications for human resource managers. In face of adverse events, team sensemaking plays a pivotal role as it can enable team members to have better situational awareness, communication and reflection. Team sensemaking can be further facilitated for improved team resilience by embedding bricolage and task interdependence components in the employee orientation, job description and training of potential and current employees.Originality/valueThese findings demonstrate that in the wake of adverse events, team sensemaking can play a pivotal role as it enables team members to have better situational awareness, communication and reflection. For team resilience, the findings imply that team sensemaking can be further facilitated by team bricolage in the presence of task interdependence in work teams. Thus, managers of modern work teams and organizations can sensitize team members about these aspects through employee orientation, job description and on and off job training activities.

scholarly journals Pathogenic threat, fear, and perceived vulnerability do not predict ethnocentric orientations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Josephine Eder ◽  
Michał Stefańczyk ◽  
Michał Pieniak ◽  
Judit Martínez Molina ◽  
Jakub Binter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

The varying trajectories of the COVID-19 pandemic in different nations present a unique opportunity to study the influences of a global stressor and local environmental pathogen levels on psychological variables, which has been proposed by theoretical frameworks such as the Parasite Model of Democratization. Previous research has postulated effects on in-group/out-group thinking: The higher the environmental pathogenic threat and the perceived vulnerability to it, the higher the ethnocentric orientation.Here, we examine participants from Austria, Poland, Spain and Czech Republic in spring 2020, as the spread of the novel coronavirus was on the rise and strict governmental measures were introduced throughout Europe. Participants were asked to fill in standardized questionnaires assessing ethnocentrism as well as questions on social interactions and fear of the virus. To investigate the relationship between ethnocentrism and these other variables, we used machine-learning models to predict ethnocentrism based on the complex interplay of interpersonal variables and environmental conditions.Our results indicate that ethnocentricity could not be predicted from these other variables, thus not supporting the hypothesis that pathogenic threat influences ethnocentric orientations. While our findings on the relation between ethnocentrism and environmental threats are not in line with previous studies, they might inspire further research on this topic during this pandemic.

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