scholarly journals Stem Cells as Potential Targets of Polyphenols in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Tandon ◽  
Sangh Jyoti Singh ◽  
Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis are major neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal pathogenic proteins due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and pathogens, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Herein, we reviewed the utility of plant polyphenols in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for inducing brain self-repair in AD and multiple sclerosis. Firstly, we discussed the genetic, physiological, and environmental factors involved in the pathophysiology of both the disorders. Next, we reviewed various stem cell therapies available and how they have proved useful in animal models of AD and multiple sclerosis. Lastly, we discussed how polyphenols utilize the potential of stem cells, either complementing their therapeutic effects or stimulating endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis, against these diseases. We suggest that polyphenols could be a potential candidate for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of Astragaloside IV on Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Haiyan ◽  
Yang Rensong ◽  
Jin Guoqin ◽  
Zhang Xueli ◽  
Xia Huaying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Astragaloside Iv ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Stem cell-based therapy is a promising treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying the maintenance of renewal and replacement capabilities of endogenous progenitor cells or engrafted stem cells in a pathological environment remains elusive. To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (ASI) on the proliferation and differentiation of the engrafted neural stem cells (NSCs), we cultured NSCs from the hippocampus of E14 rat embryos, treated the cells with ASI, and then transplanted the cells into the hippocampus of rat AD models.In vitroexperimentation showed that 10−5 M ASI induced NSCs to differentiate intoβ-tubulin III+and GFAP+cells. NSCs transplantation into rat AD models resulted in improvements in learning and memory, especially in the ASI-treated groups. ASI treatment resulted in an increase in the number ofβ-tubulin III+cells in the hippocampus. Further investigation showed that ASI inhibited PS1 expressionin vitroandin vivo. The high-dose ASI downregulated the Notch intracellular domain, whereas the low-dose ASI increased Notch-1 and NICD. In conclusion, ASI treatment resulted in improvements in learning and memory of AD models by promoting NSC proliferation and differentiation partly through the Notch signal pathway.

Stem Cell-based Therapeutic and Diagnostic Approaches in Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Abdi ◽  
Nima Javanmehr ◽  
Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman ◽  
Hanie Yavarpour Bali ◽  
Marzieh Pirzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative impairment mainly recognized by memory loss and cognitive deficits. However, the current therapies against AD are mostly limited to palliative medications, prompting researchers to investigate more efficient therapeutic approaches for AD, such as stem cell therapy. Recent evidence has proposed that extensive neuronal and synaptic loss and altered adult neurogenesis, which is perceived pivotal in terms of plasticity and network maintenance, occurs early in the course of AD, which exacerbates neuronal vulnerability to AD. Thus, regeneration and replenishing the depleted neuronal networks by strengthening the endogenous repair mechanisms or exogenous stem cells and their cargoes is a rational therapeutic approach. Currently, several stem cell-based therapies as well as stem cell products like exosomes, have shown promising results in the early diagnosis of AD. Objective: This review begins with a comparison between AD and normal aging pathophysiology and a discussion on open questions in the field. Next, summarizing the current stem cell-based therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, we declare the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Also, we comprehensively evaluate the human clinical trials of stem cell therapies for AD. Methodology: Peer-reviewed reports were extracted through Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 2021. Results: With several ongoing clinical trials, stem cells and their derivatives (e.g., exosomes) are an emerging and encouraging field in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. Although stem cell therapies have been successful in animal models, numerous clinical trials in AD patients have yielded unpromising results, which we will further discuss.

scholarly journals Analysis on Stem cell Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03072
Author(s):  
Weixun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Stem Cell Treatment

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. At present, conventional drugs have little effect on the prevention and treatment of AD, and the rapidly developing stem cell transplantation therapy provides a new direction for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we can conclude that stem cell therapies such as neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells have shown curative effects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease by analyzing existing stem cell research and analysis at this stage, and there will be huge applications in the future. prospect. Stem cells can secrete immunoregulatory factors through paracrine pathways to inhibit inflammation and reduce the accumulation of amyloid. Secrete neurotrophic factors to protect and promote nerve growth. In addition, stem cells can differentiate into neurons after transplantation, replacing damaged and dead nerve cells, and play an important role in rebuilding brain neural circuits and networks. This article analyzes and summarizes the possible ways of stem cell transplantation to treat Alzheimer's disease, which can provide new ideas and methods for future stem cell transplantation therapies.

scholarly journals P2-006: STEM CELL THERAPIES FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: IS IT TIME?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P573-P573
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min Wang ◽  
Chang Uk Lee ◽  
Hyun Kook Lim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Transplantation of As-MiR-937-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Cunfu Wang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Shunliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mrna Levels

Background/Aims: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common dementias among aged people, and is clinically characterized by progressive memory loss, behavioral and learning dysfunction and cognitive deficits. So far, this is no cure for AD. A therapeutic effect of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into murine model of AD has been reported, but remains to be further improved. Brn-4 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in neuronal development, whereas the effects of Brn-4 overexpression in transplanted MSCs on AD are unknown. Methods: MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and induced to overexpress antisense of miRNA-937 (as-miR-937) through adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transduction, and purified by flow cytometry based on expression of a GFP co-transgene in the cells. The Brn-4 levels in mouse MSCs were examined in miR-937-modified MSCs by RT-qPCR and by Western blot. These miR-937-modified MSCs were then transplanted into an APP/PS1 transgenic AD model in mice. The effects of saline control, MSCs and asmiR-937 MSCs on AD mice were examined by deposition of amyloid-beta peptide aggregates (Aβ), social recognition test (SR), Plus-Maze Discriminative Avoidance Task (PM-DAT) and the levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the mouse brain. Results: MSCs expressed high levels of Brn-4 transcripts but low levels of Brn-4 protein. Poor protein vs mRNA levels of Brn-4 in MSCs appeared to result from the presence of high levels of miR-937 in MSCs. miR-937 inhibited translation of Brn-4 mRNA through binding to the 3'-UTR of the Brn-4 mRNA in MSCs. Expression of as-miR-937 significantly increased Brn-4 protein levels in MSCs. Transplantation of as-miR-937-expressing MSCs significantly reduced the deposition of Aβ, increased the levels of BDNF, and significantly improved the appearance in SR and PM-DAT in AD mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of as-miR-937 in MSCs may substantially improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on AD, possibly through augmenting Brn-4 levels in MSCs.

scholarly journals Targeting Programmed Cell Death to Improve Stem Cell Therapy: Implications for Treating Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xin-xing Wan ◽  
Xi-min Hu ◽  
Wen-juan Zhao ◽  
Xiao-xia Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Wide Range

Stem cell therapies have shown promising therapeutic effects in restoring damaged tissue and promoting functional repair in a wide range of human diseases. Generations of insulin-producing cells and pancreatic progenitors from stem cells are potential therapeutic methods for treating diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. However, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that multiple types of programmed cell death (PCD) existed in stem cells post-transplantation and compromise their therapeutic efficiency, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms in PCD during stem cell transplantation and targeting cell death signaling pathways are vital to successful stem cell therapies. In this review, we highlight the research advances in PCD mechanisms that guide the development of multiple strategies to prevent the loss of stem cells and discuss promising implications for improving stem cell therapy in diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.

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