scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Exacerbates the Recognition Memory Impairment and Oxidative-Inflammatory Response in Rats with an Intrahippocampal Injection of Amyloid Beta 1–42

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Diaz ◽  
Claudia Escobedo ◽  
Samuel Treviño ◽  
Raúl Chávez ◽  
Gustavo Lopez-Lopez ◽  
...  

An important worldwide health problem as the result of current lifestyle is metabolic syndrome (MS). It has been shown that MS induced by a high-calorie diet (HCD) in rats produces cognitive deterioration in the novel object recognition test (NORt) and decreases synaptic connections and dendritic order in the hippocampus and temporal cortex. However, it is unknown whether MS induced by an HCD participates in the cognitive process observed with the injection of Aβ1–42 into the hippocampus of rats as a model of Alzheimer disease (AD). The induction of MS in rats produces a deterioration in NORt; however, rats with MS injected with Aβ1–42 show a major deterioration in the cognitive process. This event could be explained by the increment in the oxidative stress in both cases studied (MS and Aβ1–42): together, the hippocampus and temporal cortex produce an enhancer effect. In the same way, we observed an increment in interleukin-1β, TNF-α, and GFAP, indicative of exacerbated inflammatory processes by the combination of MS and Aβ1–42. We can conclude that MS might play a key role in the apparition and development of cognitive disorders, including AD. We propose that metabolic theory is important to explain the apparition of cognitive diseases.

Synapse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 421-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Treviño ◽  
Patrícia Aguilar-Alonso ◽  
Jose Angel Flores Hernandez ◽  
Eduardo Brambila ◽  
Jorge Guevara ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2639
Author(s):  
Ana Rita de Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Bárbara de Oliveira Zanuso ◽  
Vitor Fernando Bordin Miola ◽  
Sandra Maria Barbalho ◽  
Patrícia C. Santos Bueno ◽  
...  

Adipose, skeletal, and hepatic muscle tissues are the main endocrine organs that produce adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. These biomarkers can be harmful or beneficial to an organism and still perform crosstalk, acting through the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. This study aims to review the crosstalk between adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines. Far beyond understanding the actions of each biomarker alone, it is important to underline that these cytokines act together in the body, resulting in a complex network of actions in different tissues, which may have beneficial or non-beneficial effects on the genesis of various physiological disorders and their respective outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Overweight individuals secrete more pro-inflammatory adipokines than those of a healthy weight, leading to an impaired immune response and greater susceptibility to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Myostatin is elevated in pro-inflammatory environments, sharing space with pro-inflammatory organokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), resistin, and chemerin. Fibroblast growth factor FGF21 acts as a beta-oxidation regulator and decreases lipogenesis in the liver. The crosstalk mentioned above can interfere with homeostatic disorders and can play a role as a potential therapeutic target that can assist in the methods of diagnosing metabolic syndrome and CVD.


Author(s):  
Л.А. Ляпина ◽  
Н.Ф. Мясоедов ◽  
Т.А. Шубина ◽  
Л.А. Андреева ◽  
Т.Ю. Оберган ◽  
...  

Введение. Препараты разной структуры - углеводной, пептидной, белковой оказывают значительный противосвертывающий эффект в кровотоке с одновременным улучшением углеводного обмена. Цель - изучение в сравнительном аспекте влияния препаратов разной структуры (пептида, производного диоксикумарина и ацетилсалициловой кислоты -АСК) на свертывание крови, изменение углеводного обмена при интрагастральном способе их введении крысам. Методика. Использовались стандартные коагулологические методы и способы определения уровня глюкозы крови крыс. Каждый из препаратов (пептид Lys-Arg-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro, варфарин и АСК) вводили лабораторным крысам Wistar интрагастрально в эффективной дозе (100 мкг/кг - пептид и варфарин и 1 мг/кг - АСК) в течение 7 сут на фоне развития метаболического синдрома, индуцируемого высококалорийной диетой (ВКД). Определения производили через 20 и 168 ч после последнего введения препаратов при продолжающемся постоянном кормлении крыс ВКД. Результаты. Установлено, что как через 20 ч, так и через 168 ч после последнего введения пептида и АСК агрегация тромбоцитов имела тенденцию к снижению и составляла 72-76% (через 20 ч) и 81-66,7% (через 168 ч); фибринолиз статистически значимо повышался при действии пептида на 61-180%, АСК - на 15-41%, варфарина - на 14-34%; активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время значимо удлинялось под влиянием пептида и варфарина на 24-52 и 31-52% соответственно; свертывание крови по тесту протромбинового времени снижалось только под влиянием варфарина (на 12.3%); уровень глюкозы крови нормализовался под влиянием всех использованых препаратов и составлял 4,9-6,5 ммоль/л против 8.1-8.8 ммоль/л при метаболическом синдроме. Заключение. При сравнении действия пептида, варфарина и АСК установлены гипокоагуляционные и гипогликемические эффекты в разной степени. Максимальным антикоагулянтным и фибринолитическим действием обладал пептид; варфарин проявлял антикоагулянтное действие только по тесту протромбиновое время, ацетилсалициловая кислота обладала антитромбоцитарным и фибриндеполимеризационным действием. Drugs with different structure, carbohydrates, peptides, and proteins, can produce a significant anticoagulation effect and simultaneously improve carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare effects of drugs with different structure, a peptide, a dioxicoumarin derivative, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), on coagulation and changes of carbohydrate metabolism in intragastric administration to rats. Methods. Standard methods for studying coagulation and measuring blood glucose in rats were used. Each of the study drugs (Lys-Arg-Arg-Lys-Pro-Gly-Pro peptide, warfarin, and ASA) was administered to Wistar rats intragastrically at an effective dose (100 mcg/kg for the peptide and warfarin and 1 mg/kg for ASA) for 7 days during the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by a high-calorie diet (HCD). Measurements were performed at 20 and 168 h after the last administration of the drugs with continuing HCD. Results. Both at 20 and 168 h after the last administration of the peptide and ASA, platelet aggregation showed a tendency to a decrease and was 72-76% (at 20 h) and 81-66.7% (at 168 h); fibrinolysis significantly increased under the action of the peptide, ASA, and warfarin by 61-180%, 15-41%, and 14-34%, respectively. Activated partial thromboplastin time significantly increased under the action of the peptide and warfarin by 24-52% and 31-52%, respectively; blood clotting as estimated in the prothrombin time test decreased only under the action of warfarin by 12.3%; blood glucose returned to a normal level under the action of each of the three study drugs and was 4.9-6.5 mmol/l vs. 8.1-8.8 mmol/l in MS. Conclusion. The peptide, warfarin, and ASA produced different degrees of the anticoagulation and hypoglycemic effects. The peptide had the strongest anticoagulation and fibrinolytic effects, warfarin produced an anticoagulant effect only according to the prothrombin time test, and acetylsalicylic acid exerted both antiplatelet and fibrin-depolymerizing effects.


Author(s):  
Zueva I.B. ◽  
Yushkova I.D. ◽  
Makarenko S.V. ◽  
Kim Y.V.

Nowadays, there is a tendency for an increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among middle-aged patients. It seems relevant to determine the quality of life in patients with MS and cognitive impairment (CI) in this age group. Aim of the study. Studying the quality of life in patients with MS and CI. Material and methods. In total, 208 people were examined. Out of a total number, 178 patients were divided into 2 groups: some were diagnosed with MS and CI, and some patients had MS but no cognitive deficit. The comparison group consisted of 30 healthy individuals of comparable age. All patients underwent neuropsychological testing. The method of cognitive evoked potential (P300) with the use of EMG/VP Nicolet Viking Select was chosen to quantitatively assess cognitive functions of the patients. Quality of life was assessed by the use of SF 36. Results and discussion. In the group with MS and CI, compared with patients who have MS but no cognitive disorders, the indicators of general health were lower (52.30±13.90 and 58.22±10.96 points, respectively, p<0.05), physical functioning (69.23±19.79 and 77.13±15.46 points, respectively, p<0.05), emotional role functioning (42.17±21.79 and 56.93±19.84 points, respectively, p<0.05), self-assessment of mental state (53.68±11.84 and 58.39±12.4 points, respectively, p<0.05). In patients with MS and cognitive disorders, a strong association was found between the results of the MMSE test (r=0.39; p=0.015), the Wechsler memory test score (r=0.29; p=0.014), the FAB test score (r=0.43; p=0.018), and physical functioning scores. Mental health scores were associated with the results of the Wexler test (r=0.27; p=0.014). In the group with MS and CI, there was a positive correlation between the amplitude of P300 and indicators of physical functioning (r=0.40; p=0.016). Findings. In the group of patients with MS and CI, compared with patients without cognitive disorders, there is a decrease in the quality of life, especially in indicators of physical functioning. The quality-of-life parameters of patients with MS are associated with cognitive functions determined both by neuropsychological testing and by P300.


Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorący ◽  
Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Ciechanowicz ◽  
Lewandowska ◽  
Jakubiszyn ◽  
...  

Background and Objectives: Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS). Interleukin-1B and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists are key factors in inflammatory processes. Aims: The aims of our study were to evaluate the relationship between genetic variation in interleukin-1B (IL1B) rs1143627 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) variable-number-tandem-repeats (VNTR), and overall IS and subtype prevalence rates. Materials and Methods: The analysis included 147 hospitalized Polish patients with IS diagnosed using conventional criteria. The control group consisted of 119 healthy subjects. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: A significant association between rs1143627 and stroke was found. The -31C IL1B polymorphism showed an association with overall IS, OR = 2.30 (1.36–3.87) p = 0.020. An association was also detected for LVI (large vessel infarction) subtypes of stroke. After risk factor adjustment (age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia), the C allele was found to be an independent risk factor for LVI, OR = 1.99 (1.05–3.79) p = 0.036. Significant association was not observed between IL1RN alleles and IS. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the C allele of IL1B rs1143627 may be associated with susceptibility to overall IS and LVI subtypes of stroke in the Polish population.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e30414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Hulsmans ◽  
Benjamine Geeraert ◽  
Dieuwke De Keyzer ◽  
Ann Mertens ◽  
Matthias Lannoo ◽  
...  

2004 ◽  
Vol 379 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela KESSLER-BECKER ◽  
Thomas KRIEG ◽  
Beate ECKES

In vivo, fibroblasts reside in connective tissues, with which they communicate in a reciprocal way. Such cell–extracellular matrix interactions can be studied in vitro by seeding fibroblasts in collagen lattices. Depending upon the mechanical properties of the system, fibroblasts are activated to assume defined phenotypes. In the present study, we examined a transcriptional profile of primary human dermal fibroblasts cultured in a relaxed collagen environment and found relative induction (>2-fold) of 393 out of approx. 7100 transcripts when compared with the same system under mechanical tension. Despite down-regulated proliferation and matrix synthesis, cells did not become generally quiescent, since they induced transcription of numerous other genes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors/cytokines. Of particular interest was the induction of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory mediators, e.g. cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukins (ILs)-1 and -6. These are apparently regulated in a hierarchical fashion, since the addition of IL-1 receptor antagonist prevented induction of COX-2, IL-1 and IL-6, but not that of MMP-1 or keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Our results suggest strongly that skin fibroblasts are versatile cells, which adapt to their extracellular environment by displaying specific phenotypes. One such phenotype, induced by a mechanically relaxed collagen environment, is the ‘pro-inflammatory’ fibroblast. We propose that fibroblasts that are embedded in a matrix environment can actively participate in the regulation of inflammatory processes.


2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 756-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Garaulet ◽  
Nathalie Viguerie ◽  
Stefan Porubsky ◽  
Eva Klimcakova ◽  
Karine Clement ◽  
...  

Adiponectin, a newly discovered adipose-tissue-specific protein, is thought to be involved in the regulation of insulin action. The aim of the present study was to determine whether adiponectin contributes to the improvement in insulin sensitivity during very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). Biopsies of sc abdominal adipose tissue and blood sampling for analysis of plasma adiponectin and related hormones and metabolites were performed before and at the end of a 4-wk VLCD in 33 nonmorbidly obese women (body mass index, 34.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2). VLCD produced a decrease in weight (7.1 ± 0.4 kg) and in insulin and leptin levels and led to an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin gene expression and plasma levels were not modified during calorie restriction. Before VLCD, we found negative correlations between plasma adiponectin and variables related to the metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin mRNA levels showed a negative correlation with lipoprotein a plasma values. The correlations observed before VLCD were not found after VLCD. The data suggest that adiponectin is related to the protection against the metabolic syndrome but is not involved in the regulation of VLCD-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.


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