scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Information on Pore Structure and Element Distribution of Sediment Particles by SEM and EDS

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Minghong Chen ◽  
Huiming Zhao ◽  
Hongwei Fang ◽  
Yuefeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Sediment Particles ◽  
Pore Microstructure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The interaction between pollutants and sediment particles often occurs on the particle surface, so surface properties directly affect surface reaction. The physical and chemical processes occurring on sediment particle surfaces are microscopic processes and as such need to be studied from a microscopic perspective. In this study, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were adopted to observe and analyze the pore structure and element distribution of sediment particles. In particular, a special method of sample preparation was used to achieve the corresponding cross-sectional information of sediment particles. Clear images of a particle profile and pore microstructure were obtained by high-resolution SEM, while element distribution maps of sediment particles were obtained by EDS. The results provide an intuitive understanding of the internal microenvironment and external behavior of sediment particles, in addition to revealing a significant role of pore microstructure in the adsorption and desorption of pollutants. Thus, a combination of different experimental instruments and observation methods can provide real images and information on microscopic pore structure and element distribution of sediment particles. These results should help to improve our understanding of sediment dynamics and its environmental effects.

Product quality of kaledo, a local food of Palu City Indonesia

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Y.I. Jayadi ◽  
A. Astari ◽  
R. Ekasari ◽  
U. Aiman ◽  
N.U. Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Food safety is an important issue in the incidence of foodborne diseases in society. Kaledo is one of the “must-try” traditional foods of Palu City, Indonesia. The main ingredients used for making this dish are beef and cow’s trotters, which are highly susceptible to microbiological, physical, and chemical contamination. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in one of the culinary businesses in Palu City. The GMP assessment was carried out using the self-assessment questionnaire developed by Food Supplements Europe. The results of this study indicated that Kaledo X Food Stall still had not implemented GMP. However, HACCP analysis showed a critical control point (CCP) in the cooking process of Kaledo, i.e., at the time of boiling the meat and bones.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Maweya Abdelbagi Elbasheer ◽  
Ayah Galal Abdelrahman Alkhidir ◽  
Siham Mohammed Awad Mohammed ◽  
Areej Abuelgasim Hassan Abbas ◽  
Aisha Osman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Risk Areas

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan.Materials and methodsA facility based cross-sectional study was implemented in eighteen histopathology laboratories distributed in the three localities of Khartoum State on a sample of 4630 Breast Cancer cases diagnosed during the period 2010-2016. A master database was developed through Epi Info™ 7.1.5.2 for computerizing the data collected: the facility name, type (public or private), and its geo- location (latitude and longitude). Personal data on patients were extracted from their respective medical records (name, age, marital status, ethnic group, State, locality, administrative unit, permanent address and phone number, histopathology diagnosis). The data was summarized through SPSS to generate frequency tables for estimating prevalence and the geographical information system (ArcGIS 10.3) was used to generate the epidemiological distribution maps. ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis features were used to develop risk maps based on the kriging method.ResultsBreast cancer prevalence was 3.9 cases per 100,000 female populations. Of the 4423 cases of breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most frequent (79.5%, 3517/4423) histopathological diagnosis. The spatial analysis indicated as high risk areas for breast cancer in Sudan the States of Nile River, Northern, Red Sea, White Nile, Northern and Southern Kordofan.ConclusionsThe attempt to develop a predictive map of breast cancer in Sudan revealed three levels of risk areas (risk, intermediate and high risk areas); regardless the risk level, appropriate preventive and curative health interventions with full support from decision makers are urgently needed.

scholarly journals The Physical and Chemical Air Quality, Worker’s Characteristics, and Respiratory Symptoms Among Printing Workers in Surabaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Devi Anggar Oktaviani ◽  
Corie Indria Prasasti
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Threshold Limit Value ◽  
Dust Collector ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Administrative Control ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract: Printing industry is an industry which in its production process generate air pollutants such as Particulate Matter (PM). The exceeds limit of PM2,5 can cause respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary function disorder. The objective of this study was to analyze physical and chemical air quality and respiratory symptoms among printing industry workers in Surabaya. It was observational study with cross sectional approach and analyzed descriptively. The physical and chemical air quality was measured by Thermohygrometer and Haz Dust EPAM 5000 at three different areas in production unit. Worker’s characteristics and respiratory symptoms were obtained from 20 respondent’s questionnaires. The highest concentration of PM2,5 level was at cutting room (area 1), which maximum concentration was 20.0 μg/m3 and the average was 6.1 μg/m3. The result showed that PM2,5 levels was below threshold limit value. It is suggested to printing industry to improve administrative control application by managing work period and useing mask, to clean ventilation, dust collector, or production facilities and to examine health status regularly to public health center for workers at printing industry.Keywords: physical and chemical air quality, printing industry, respiratory symptoms

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Keturunan Diabetes dengan Variabel Perancunya Meningkatkan Prevalensi Diabetes Tipe 2 (Studi Estimasi)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Riyanto Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Hereditary Factors

<strong><strong></strong></strong><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Type 2 diabetes is a disorder that is influenced by multifactors, involving both genetic and environmental factors. <strong>Purpose:</strong> This study aims to find a large estimate of hereditary risk factors for type 2 events by controlling controlling for other confounding variables. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study used a cross sectional design analysis model estimation with the main variable heredity. The research sample of at least 249 respondents. Measurement and observation of research variables using interview and observation methods. Multivariate analysis of estimation models uses multiple logistic regression tests and calculated attributable fraction percent (AF%). <strong>Results:</strong> The results of the final multivariate modeling analysis showed heredity was associated with the incidence of type 2 Diabetes (p value 0,000), after being controlled by confounding factors for BMI, occupation, age and central obesity with ORadjusted 19.8; 95% CI: 1,911-9,459). Calculation of the potential impact size (AF%) results of the analysis obtained 48.15%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The estimated magnitude of respondents who have inherited risk factors is 19.8 times more likely to have diabetes than those without heredity after being controlled by confounders of BMI, occupation and age and central obesity. People with Type 2 Diabetes who have a history of diabetes, live a healthy lifestyle, so that around 48.15% of diabetes can be prevented through hereditary factors.</em>

Proteins Encapsulated in Porous Sol-Gels: Biomolecules as Pore Structure Templates

1996 ◽  
Vol 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Dave ◽  
B. Dunn ◽  
J. S. Valentine ◽  
J. I. Zink
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
Cyt C ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPorous inorganic SiO2 glasses obtained by the sol-gel route represent a unique matrix for encapsulation of biomolecules wherein the pores act as enclosures for high molecular weight proteins. These hybrid materials are characterized by a pore-biomolecule interface between the pore walls and the protein surface. As a specific model protein, cytochrome c (cyt c) is used to elucidate the nature of physical and chemical interactions between the pores of the matrix and the protein. Evidence from optical absorption, and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy methods indicates that the dopant protein alters the structural features of the pore walls. The optical and vibrational measurements strongly suggest that the pores that contain the trapped protein undergo little or no structural change during aging and drying as compared to protein-free pores. Vibrational RR analysis of the trapped cyt c also suggests that the protein resides in a pore where the pore dimensions conform to the shape of the protein. The results indicate that noncovalent interactions between the surface of the protein and the pore walls govern the dynamics of pore formation during gelation and individual biomolecules act as structural templates to design local pore structure.

scholarly journals Differences of microscopic seepage mechanisms of water flooding and polymer flooding and prediction models of final oil recovery for conglomerate reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Fengqi Tan ◽  
Changfu Xu ◽  
Yuliang Zhang ◽  
Gang Luo ◽  
Yukun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Oil Displacement Efficiency

The special sedimentary environments of conglomerate reservoir lead to pore structure characteristics of complex modal, and the reservoir seepage system is mainly in the “sparse reticular-non reticular” flow pattern. As a result, the study on microscopic seepage mechanism of water flooding and polymer flooding and their differences becomes the complex part and key to enhance oil recovery. In this paper, the actual core samples from conglomerate reservoir in Karamay oilfield are selected as research objects to explore microscopic seepage mechanisms of water flooding and polymer flooding for hydrophilic rock as well as lipophilic rock by applying the Computed Tomography (CT) scanning technology. After that, the final oil recovery models of conglomerate reservoir are established in two displacement methods based on the influence analysis of oil displacement efficiency. Experimental results show that the seepage mechanisms of water flooding and polymer flooding for hydrophilic rock are all mainly “crawling” displacement along the rock surface while the weak lipophilic rocks are all mainly “inrushing” displacement along pore central. Due to the different seepage mechanisms among the water flooding and the polymer flooding, the residual oil remains in hydrophilic rock after water flooding process is mainly distributed in fine throats and pore interchange. These residual oil are cut into small droplets under the influence of polymer solution with stronger shearing drag effect. Then, those small droplets pass well through narrow throats and move forward along with the polymer solution flow, which makes enhancing oil recovery to be possible. The residual oil in weak lipophilic rock after water flooding mainly distributed on the rock particle surface and formed oil film and fine pore-throat. The polymer solution with stronger shear stress makes these oil films to carry away from particle surface in two ways such as bridge connection and forming oil silk. Because of the essential attributes differences between polymer solution and injection water solution, the impact of Complex Modal Pore Structure (CMPS) on the polymer solution displacement and seepage is much smaller than on water flooding solution. Therefore, for the two types of conglomerate rocks with different wettability, the pore structure is the main controlling factor of water flooding efficiency, while reservoir properties oil saturation, and other factors have smaller influence on flooding efficiency although the polymer flooding efficiency has a good correlation with remaining oil saturation after water flooding. Based on the analysis on oil displacement efficiency factors, the parameters of water flooding index and remaining oil saturation after water flooding are used to establish respectively calculation models of oil recovery in water flooding stage and polymer flooding stage for conglomerate reservoir. These models are able to calculate the oil recovery values of this area controlled by single well control, and further to determine the oil recovery of whole reservoir in different displacement stages by leveraging interpolation simulation methods, thereby providing more accurate geological parameters for the fine design of displacement oil program.

The bioavailability of sediment-bound Cd, Co, and Ag to the mussel Mytilus edulis

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Gagnon ◽  
N S Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Coated Particles ◽  
Sediment Particles ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Marine sediments, long thought to be a final repository of toxic contaminants in marine ecosystems, may also serve as a source of toxic contaminants for marine food chains. The influence of physical and chemical properties of oxidized sediments on the bioavailability of metals from sediments to marine filter-feeding invertebrates is largely unknown. We examined the relative importance of specific sedimentary components that may affect the uptake of Cd, Co, and Ag by the mussel Mytilus edulis. Iron and manganese oxides, montmorillonite clay, silica, and natural sediment particles were radiolabeled with 109Cd,57Co, and 110mAg; some particles were also coated with marine fulvic acids to simulate the influence of organic coating on metal bioavailability. Mussels were fed radiolabeled particles and then allowed to depurate by feeding on nonradioactive particles, following a pulse-chase protocol developed to determine assimilation efficiencies of ingested metals. Metals were absorbed by mussels from all sediment particles, but metals associated with organic-coated particles were generally absorbed to a greater extent than metals associated with uncoated particles; absorption efficiencies were as high as 34% (for Co from organic-coated silica particles). Desorption experiments with radiolabeled particles at pH 5 were performed in parallel to simulate the behavior of food-bound metals in the acidic gut of bivalves. High correlations (r > 0.97) between the amount of metal desorbed under these conditions and the assimilation efficiency for metal bound to particles were noted among organic-coated particles but not uncoated particles (r < 0.6). Differences between coated and uncoated particles were principally due to differences in gut transit times of the ingested particles. These results suggest that suspended sediment particles may be a source of metals for suspension-feeding animals, but the relationship between metal partitioning to sediments and biological availability is not obvious, because organic coatings and the acidic gut environment influence metal absorption in mussels.

Characteristics of Pore Structure of Free-Steaming Foamed Concrete and its Influence on the Compression Strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1130-1137
Author(s):  
Yun Feng Luo ◽  
Qi Jun Yu ◽  
Jiang Xiong Wei ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Fang Xian Li
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Actual Strength ◽  
Pore Microstructure ◽  
The Difference

s: The pore structure theories model of free-steaming foamed concrete has been established by observing its pore microstructure and morphology with SEM,and the characteristics of the pore structure has been discussed in this paper . According to the difference among its actual strength and theory strength, associated with observation of the morphology and structure of the hydration production of free-steaming foamed concrete with SEM, the influence of pore structure on the strength has been analyzed in this paper.

Antimicrobial drug usage and poultry production: case study in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Johnson ◽  
Kwasi Bugyei ◽  
Priscillia Nortey ◽  
William Tasiame
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Observation Methods

Antimicrobial use in food animal production could lead to the occurrence of antimicrobial residues in the animal products. In Ghana, there is no monitoring program for antimicrobial residue in foods of animal origin. We determined the types of antimicrobial drugs used in poultry production in Dormaa municipality and the levels of residue found in poultry products. Performing a cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire and direct observation methods were used to assess antimicrobial usage, knowledge of and adherence to withdrawal periods in randomly selected poultry farms. Eggs and ready-for-sale broilers were purchased from selected respondents’ farms for detection and quantification of residues using the microbial inhibition plate assay. A total of 132 farmers were interviewed from 115 farms. Farms (86%) administered drugs to birds for prophylactic purposes. A total of 28 (24.3%) farms had tetracycline residue in eggs, 25 (21.7%) in kidney and 14 (12.2%) in liver. Mean (±s.d.) tetracycline concentration (μg/g) found were: eggs 0.02 ± 0.003; kidneys 0.02 ± 0.01; and liver 0.01 ± 0.008. Twenty-six farms (92.9%; ρ &gt; 0.05) that had residues in eggs had sold eggs during treatment of the laying birds. A disinfectant and two antibiotics in human formulations were administered to birds in 44.3%, 17.4% and 2.6% farms respectively on an extra-label basis. Tetracyclines were the main antimicrobial drugs used in poultry farming in the study area with little or no regard to withdrawal periods. Tetracycline residue was found in poultry but below the Maximum Residue Level set by Codex Alimentarius. Extra-label use of disinfectant to water-medicate birds poses a health hazard to farmers and consumers alike.

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