scholarly journals Effects of Marathon Running on Aerobic Fitness and Performance in Recreational Runners One Week after a Race

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminori Takayama ◽  
Atsushi Aoyagi ◽  
Wataru Shimazu ◽  
Yoshiharu Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance

It is not clear whether or not recreational runners can recover aerobic fitness and performance within one week after marathon running. This study aimed to investigate the effects of running a marathon race on aerobic fitness and performance one week later. Eleven recreational runners (six men, five women) completed the race in 3 h 36 min 20 s ± 41 min 34 s (mean ± standard deviation). Before and 7 days after the race, they performed a treadmill running test. Perceived muscle soreness was assessed before the race and for the following 7 days. The magnitude of changes in the treadmill running test was consideredpossibly trivialfor maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) (mean difference −1.2 ml/kg/min; ±90% confidence limits 2 ml/kg/min),unclearfor %V˙O2max at anaerobic threshold (AT) (−0.5; ±4.1%) and RE (0.2; ±3.5 ml/kg/km), andlikely trivialfor both velocity at AT and peak (−0.2; ±0.49 km/h and −0.3; ±0.28 km/h). Perceived muscle soreness increased until 3 days after the race, but there were no clear differences between the values before the race and 4–7 days after it. These results show that physiological capacity associated with marathon running performance is recovered within 7 days after a marathon run.

scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Performance during a Marathon Race in Middle-Aged Recreational Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique L. Billat ◽  
Hélène Petot ◽  
Morgan Landrain ◽  
Renaud Meilland ◽  
Jean Pierre Koralsztein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Marathon Performance

Purpose. Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost).Methods. We measured the SV, heart rate (HR), CO, and running speed of 14 recreational runners in an incremental, maximal laboratory test and then during a real marathon race (mean performance: 3 hr 30 min±45 min).Results. Our data revealed that HR, SV and CO were all in a high but submaximal steady state during the marathon (87.0±1.6%, 77.2±2.6%, and 68.7±2.8% of maximal values, respectively). Marathon performance was inversely correlated with an upward drift in the CO/speed ratio (mL ofCO×m−1) (r=−0.65,P<0.01) and positively correlated with the runner’s ability to complete the race at a high percentage of the speed at maximal SV (r=0.83,P<0.0002).Conclusion. Our results showed that marathon performance is inversely correlated with cardiac cost and positively correlated with cardiac endurance. The CO response could be a benchmark for race performance in recreational marathon runners.

Acute responses to barefoot 5 km treadmill running involve changes in landing kinematics and delayed onset muscle soreness

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Camila C. da Silva ◽  
Álvaro S. Machado ◽  
Gislaine R. dos Santos ◽  
Helen L. Schimidt ◽  
Marcos R. Kunzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Acute Responses

Review of physical fitness, physiological demands and performance characteristics of jockeys

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
K.A. Legg ◽  
D.J. Cochrane ◽  
E.K. Gee ◽  
C.W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Work Done

This narrative review collates data from different equestrian disciplines, both amateur and professional, to describe the physiological demands, muscle activity and synchronicity of movement involved in jockeys riding in a race and to identify limitations within our current knowledge. A literature search was conducted in Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus using search terms related to jockeys, equestrian riders and their physiological demands, muscle use, movement dynamics and experience. Abstracts, theses and non-peer reviewed articles were excluded from the analysis. Jockeys work at close to their physiological capacity during a race. The quasi-isometric maintenance of the jockey position requires muscular strength and endurance, specifically from the legs and the core, both to maintain their position and adapt to the movement of the horse. Synchronous movement between horse and rider requires a coordinated activation pattern of the rider’s core muscles, resulting in less work done by the horse to carry the rider, possibly leading to a competitive advantage in race riding. Reports of chronic fatigue in jockeys demonstrate poor quantification of workload and recovery. The lack of quantitative workload metrics for jockeys’ limits calculation of a threshold required to reach race riding competency and development of sport-specific training programmes. Until the sport-specific demands of race riding are quantified, the development of evidence-based sport specific and potentially performance enhancing jockey strength and conditioning programmes cannot be realised.

Cardiac Biomarkers Following Marathon Running: Is Running Time a Factor for Biomarker Change?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Natthapon Traiperm ◽  
Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Cardiac Troponin T ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Marathon Race

Purpose: Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin T levels show a transient increase after marathon running. The aim of this study was to investigate whether running duration influences the patterns of changes in cardiac biomarkers. Methods: Twenty participants with fast and slow finishing times were included in the study. Blood samples were taken before the marathon race, immediately after, and 24 hours after the race. Samples were analyzed for NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T concentration. Furthermore, a complete blood cell count was performed. Results: After the marathon race, the fast and slow runners showed similar changes of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T (ie, a transient increase). Curve estimation regression analysis showed a curvilinear relationship (quadratic model) between running times and NT-proBNP increments immediately after the race, with less of an increase in the very fast and the very slow runners (r2 = .359, P = .023). NT-proBNP increments immediately after the race were correlated to the decline 24 hours after the marathon (r = −.612, P = .004). Conclusions: This study indicates that NT-proBNP release immediately after marathon running varies in a curvilinear fashion with running time. It is speculated that low NT-proBNP release is associated with training adaptation in most elite runners and the relatively low cardiac stress in the slowest (but experienced) runners. The combination of less adaptation and relatively large cardiac wall and metabolic stress may explain the highest NT-proBNP values in runners with average running times. In addition, NT-proBNP decrements 24 hours after the race depend primarily on the values reached after the marathon and not on running time.

scholarly journals Marathon Map and its Utilization in City Tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Cheng Ye ◽  
Shuran Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Marathon running has become an obsession in China, with 22 marathon races in 2011 increasing to 400 in 2017. Based on the Marathon annual report in 2017, marathon races will increase to above 1900 in 2020. More and more Chinese are traveling around the country to participate marathon races, which brings tremendous opportunities for the host cities, specifically for city tourism. A well-designed marathon map can not only help runners to learn detailed information for the races, but also help the tourists to learn natural and historical spots in the city. However, marathon maps and their designs are not examined in respect to cartography.</p><p>This study focused on full marathon race maps, collected 200 maps officially published by marathon organizers, inventoried the race information included in the maps, explored how many of these maps showing natural and historical scenic spots along the race, and analyzed common design elements of the maps using Quantitative Content Analysis (QCA), see table1. The goal of this study was to determine if the maps featured only the races or if they provided additional information to encourage tourist activities. A well designed marathon map can help both to the implementation of a race and to the creation of a sense of city.</p>

Marathon performance, anaerobic threshold, and onset of blood lactate accumulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Marathon Performance

The study tested the hypothesis that running velocity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (VAT) would more accurately approximate the actually measured marathon race velocity (VM) than would running velocity corresponding to the so-called onset of blood lactate (4 mM) accumulation (VOBLA). The VAT (4.57 m X s-1) well approximated the VM (4.49 m X s-1), whereas the VOBLA (5.30 m X s-1) differed significantly from the VM. In addition, the VAT (r = 0.781) correlated with VM to a greater extent than did the VOBLA (r = 0.682). When the VAT (X1) was combined with delta % maximum O2 consumption (VO2max) (%VO2max at the OBLA minus %VO2max at the AT; X2) and VO2max (ml X min-1 x kg-1; X3), variation in the VM accounted for increased profoundly from 61 to 88%. Thus one of the useful equations formulated with high predictive accuracy was VM (m X s-1) = 1.312X1 + 0.0346X2 – 0.00993X3 – 1.272. Our study demonstrates that the anaerobic threshold (AT) is more closely associated with marathon running performance and that the degree of the association is raised when delta %VO2max and/or VO2max are combined as additional information.

scholarly journals Training Loads, Wellness And Performance Before and During Tapering for a Water-Polo Tournament

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Petros G. Botonis ◽  
Argyris G. Toubekis ◽  
Theodoros I. Platanou
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Water Polo ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

AbstractWe investigated the effectiveness of a short-duration training period including an overloaded (weeks 1 and 2) and a reduced training load period (weeks 3 and 4) on wellness, swimming performance and a perceived internal training load in eight high-level water-polo players preparing for play-offs. The internal training load was estimated daily using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session duration (session-RPE). Perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality, stress level and mood) were assessed daily. Swimming performance was evaluated through 400-m and 20-m tests performed before (baseline) and after the end of weeks 2 and 4. In weeks 3 and 4, the internal training load was reduced by 19.0 ± 3.8 and 36.0 ± 4.7%, respectively, compared to week 1 (p = 0.00). Wellness was improved in week 4 (20.4 ± 2.8 AU) compared to week 1 and week 2 by 16.0 ± 2.2 and 17.3 ± 2.9 AU, respectively (p =0.001). At the end of week 4, swimming performance at 400-m and 20-m tests (299.0 ± 10.2 and 10.2 ± 0.3 s) was improved compared to baseline values (301.4 ± 10.9 and 10.4 ± 0.4 s, p < 0.05) and the overloading training period (week 2; 302.9 ± 9.0 and 10.4 ± 0.4 s, p < 0.05). High correlations were observed between the percentage reduction of the internal training load from week 4 to week 1 (-25.3 ± 5.5%) and the respective changes in 20-m time (-2.1 ± 2.2%, r = 0.88, p < 0.01), fatigue perception (39.6 ± 27.1%), muscle soreness (32.5 ± 26.6%), stress levels (25.6 ± 15.1%) and the overall wellness scores (28.6 ± 21.9%, r = 0.74-0.79, p < 0.05). The reduction of the internal training load improved the overall perceived wellness and swimming performance of players. The aforementioned periodization approach may be an effective training strategy in the lead-up to play-off tournaments.

EXPRESS: Gender (Still) Matters in Business School

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224372097236
Author(s):  
Aradhna Krishna ◽  
A. Yeşim Orhun
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Business School ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Performance ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Increase Student Achievement ◽  
Administrative Dataset ◽  
Academic Aptitude ◽  
And Performance

This research documents systematic gender performance differences (GPD) at a top business school using a unique administrative dataset and survey of students. The findings show that women’s grades are 11% of a standard deviation lower in quantitative courses than those of men with similar academic aptitude and demographics, and men’s grades are 23% of a standard deviation lower in nonquantitative courses than those of comparable women. The authors discuss and test for different reasons for this finding. They show that a female instructor significantly cuts down GPD for quantitative courses by raising the grades of women. In addition, female instructors increase women’s interest and performance expectations in these courses and are perceived as role models by their female students. These results provide support for a gender stereotype process for GPD and show that faculty can serve as powerful exemplars to challenge gender stereotypes and increase student achievement. The authors discuss several important implications of these findings for business schools and for society.

scholarly journals Relationship between cardiovascular drift and performance in marathon running

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Shimazu ◽  
Fuminori Takayama ◽  
Fumiya Tanji ◽  
Yoshiharu Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
Marathon Running ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
And Performance

Change in foot strike patterns and performance in recreational runners during a road race: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Bovalino ◽  
Neil J. Cunningham ◽  
Rachel D. Zordan ◽  
Samuel M. Harkin ◽  
Heidi H.G. Thies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Road Race ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance
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