scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Cytokine Pattern in Early and Late Onset of Neonatal Sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. S. Khaertynov ◽  
S. V. Boichuk ◽  
S. F. Khaiboullina ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
A. A. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cytokine Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Significant Health

Neonatal sepsis is a significant health issue associated with high mortality. Immune responses associated with neonatal sepsis, such as proinflammatory cytokine production, are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In the present study, serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were evaluated for 25 subjects with neonatal sepsis. We observed that subjects with late onset of sepsis (LOS), as well as those with early onset of sepsis (EOS), had a substantial increase in serum TNF-α. In contrast to EOS, subjects with LOS demonstrated a significant increase in serum levels IL-6 and IL-10. Additionally, we observed a significant difference in cytokine profiles between acute and postacute cases of neonatal sepsis. For instance, the level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, was elevated in the acute phase, whereas the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, became substantially upregulated during the postacute phase. Additionally, no correlation was observed between cytokine levels and CRP levels or lymphocyte counts. Thus, in contrast to CRP levels and lymphocyte counts, examination of the cytokine profile can provide valuable information when determining the most effective therapy for treating neonatal sepsis. This information may be useful to physicians when determining if anti-inflammatory or immune stimulatory therapy is warranted.

scholarly journals Correlation of Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels with Histopathological Changes in an Adult Mouse Lung Model of Campylobacter jejuni Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1780-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Al-Banna ◽  
Raj Raghupathy ◽  
M. John Albert
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Lung Model ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of diarrhea in humans. A mouse lung model of infection was previously established for C. jejuni. We used this model to study cytokine production in the lungs and correlated it with pathological changes. C. jejuni strain 81-176 or sterile phosphate-buffered saline was intranasally inoculated into adult BALB/c mice. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), in addition to those of IL-6, were assessed on days 1, 3, and 5 postinfection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the ratios of proinflammatory cytokines to anti-inflammatory cytokines were calculated. Since IL-6 is unique in that it is both a proinflammatory cytokine and a TH2 cytokine, it was considered to be both in the determination of these ratios. The significance of the cytokine levels and ratios were determined by the Mann-Whitney U test (P ≤ 0.05). The induction of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs of infected mice, as indicated by the cytokine levels and ratios, coincided with the accumulation of neutrophils and activated macrophages, in addition to the clearance of the bacterial load and bacteriumlike structures that we have previously shown in the same groups of mice. This was followed by increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the resolution of inflammation and pathology in the lungs. This study demonstrates the dynamics of cytokine production and their correlation with tissue inflammation and the resolution of infection. This model is useful for further studies of the pathogenesis of C. jejuni infection and vaccine evaluation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of proinflammatory (IL-1, TNF), immunoregulatory (IL-4), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the various outcomes of abdominal fever development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
D. B. Mirzajanova ◽  
N. G. Gulamov
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Disease Recovery ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Dynamics of proinflammatory (IL-1, TNF), immunoregulatory (IL-4) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels was studied in 35 and 6 patients with abdominal fever with outcome of the disease in recovery and acute bacterial carriage, respectively. Level of cytokines in peripheric blood was studied at the height of the disease (the second week) and at the stages of early (the fourth week) and late (before hospital discharge) convalescence. Control group included 24 healthy individuals. At the height of the disease IL-1 and TNF levels were significantly higher in patients with disease recovery compared to patients with acute bacterial carriage. Dynamics of indices of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in patients with acute abdominal fever with outome in recovery and acute bacterial carriage was similar: the indices were increased at the height of the disease, at the stages of early and late convalescence the stable tendency to further increase was observed. Dynamics of proinflammatory (IL-1 and TNF) cytokines demonstrates that chronization of infectious process in abdominal fever/development of acute bacterial carriage is specified by insufficient increase of proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: differences in pro- and anti-inflammatory balance

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Kunz ◽  
Keila Maria Ceresér ◽  
Pedro Domingues Goi ◽  
Gabriel Rodrigo Fries ◽  
Antonio L. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Previous reports suggest that cytokines act as potential mediators of the interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, and that a proinflammatory state may be associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The aim is to compare cytokine levels in both disorders. METHOD: Twenty euthymic bipolar disorder patients, 53 chronic stabilized schizophrenia patients and 80 healthy controls were recruited. Subjects were all non-smokers and non-obese. Cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were examined by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: IL-6 levels were increased in schizophrenia patients when compared to controls (p < 0.0001) and euthymic bipolar disorder patients (p < 0.0001). IL-6 levels were no different in controls compared to euthymic bipolar disorder patients (p = 0.357). IL-10 was lower in controls compared to schizophrenia patients (p = 0.001) or to bipolar disorder patients (p = 0.004). There was no significant difference in TNF-α serum levels among the groups (p = 0.284). Gender-based classification did not significantly alter these findings, and no correlation was found between the antipsychotic dose administered and cytokine levels in patients with schizophrenia. DISCUSSION: These findings evidence a chronic immune activation in schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder seems to present an episode-related inflammatory syndrome. Increased anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia suggests different patterns of inflammatory balance between these two disorders. Results further support the need to investigate cytokines as possible biomarkers of disease activity or treatment response.

scholarly journals CD19+ CD24hi CD38hi Regulatory B Cells and Memory B Cells in Periodontitis: Association with Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Ibrahim M. Mwafey ◽  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Suliman Y. Alomar ◽  
Nahed A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Peripheral Tolerance ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are unique subpopulations of B cells with immune-regulating or immune-suppressing properties and play a role in peripheral tolerance. Due to the current limitations of human Breg studies among periodontal diseases, in the present study, we tried to analyze the change in circulating Bregs, pro-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with periodontitis. Peripheral blood from 55 patients with stage 2 periodontitis and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry to evaluate the frequency of CD19+CD24+CD38+ Breg cells. ELISA was used to assess the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β. Increased proportions of Breg cells were observed in patients with stage 2 periodontitis compared to controls. Serum levels of cytokines were significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between the frequencies of Breg cells and IL35 levels, IL10 levels, and TGF-β. In conclusion, our results suggest that the increase in peripheral Breg cells and serum cytokine levels among periodontitis patients seems to be closely associated with disease progression, a possible link between periodontitis, and systemic inflammatory process.

scholarly journals Balance Between Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Mice Treated WithCentruroides noxiusScorpion Venom

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

CSV consists of a very complex of molecules and demonstrates significant cellular activities capable of stimulating immune functions in vivo. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of CSV on sex, weight, route of injection and the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mice. The susceptibility and route of injection were analyzed by lethal (LD50) determination. The effects of CSV were also analyzed in blood from immunized mice using detection by means of antibodies and mediators production. Several functional bioassays were employed: TNF activity was assayed by measuring its cytotoxic activity in L929 cells, and other cytokines were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas nitric oxide levels were detected by Griess colorimetric reactions in sera from BALB/c mice. After injecting subcutaneously, the LD50presented an increase of the CSV correlation and similar levels of susceptibility were obtained for female and male from BALB/c mice. Significant differences were observed in the time-course of cytokine levels. The balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-10 ratios were significantly higher in injected mice group when compared with those obtained for non-injected group. The CSV is poor in antigenic composition and it is difficult to get antibodies specific to neutralizing the lethal factor. The effect of immunization with 0.5 LD50of CSV on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was measured. The maximum levels of TNF and IL-6, IFN-γand NO were observed on days 7 and 21 after immunization, respectively. IL-10 levels peaked between days 21 and 28 after immunization with CSV. With respect, to balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines it was possible to observe that negative correlation between serum levels of IL-6/IL-10 and TNF/IL-10 exists. These ratios may possibly reflect the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum, which may by manifested in the inflammatory status during the envenoming processes. In conclusion, an increase in the serum levels of TNF and IL-6 may be a useful marker for scorpion envenomation.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Enrique Becerril-Villanueva ◽  
Rodrigo Arreola ◽  
Gabriela Martínez-Levy ◽  
María Eugenia Hernández-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Changes in cytokine levels in major depression and during treatment have been reported in adults. However, few studies have examined cytokine levels in an adolescent sample despite this being a common age of onset. Methods. We measured proinflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1Ra, and IL-10) cytokine serum levels in 22 adolescents with major depression and 18 healthy volunteers. Cytokines were measured by multiplex bead-based immunoassays at baseline, and 4 and 8 weeks after commencement of fluoxetine administration in the clinical group. Results. Compared to healthy volunteers, adolescents with major depression at baseline showed significant increases in all pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-1Ra and IL-10. Significant changes were observed in fluoxetine treatment compared to baseline: proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15 were decreased only at week 4 whereas IL-2 was increased only at week 8; anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 were increased at week 8 while IL-1Ra was reduced only at week 4. There were no significant correlations between cytokine levels and symptomatic improvement in HDRS. Discussion. The results suggest a significant interplay between cytokine levels, the depressive state, and the stage of treatment with an SSRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in depressed adolescents with elevated IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 levels. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role and mechanisms of altered cytokine levels in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of major depressive disorder.

scholarly journals BLOOD OF CYTOKINE LEVELS AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH LIVER INJURY IN PATIENTS COINFECTED WITH HIV AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
L. B. Korolevskaya ◽  
E. V. Saydakova ◽  
K. V. Shmagel
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of blood of cytokines and their correlations with indices of liver injury in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus. Materials and methods. 61 persons were enrolled in the study: HIV/VHC coinfected patients (n=20), HIV monoinfected patients (n=21) and non-infected volunteers (n=20). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-5, TNF-a, VEGF, FGF basic and biomarkers of liver injury (AST, SGPT, APRI) were measured. The significant increase in serum levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in HIV/VHC co-infected patients compared to the same indices in HIV mono-infected patients was detected. Positive correlation between biomarkers of liver injury and concentrations of observed cytokines and growth factors was found. Conclusion. In chronic inflammation, increased level of peripheral proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their associations with biomarkers of liver injury may explain accelerated liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.

scholarly journals Plasma levels of melatonin, certain cytokines and placental growth factor at non-pharmacological correction of pineal function in pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berbets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Placental Growth Factor ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The pineal gland produces the important hormone melatonin, the level of which in the blood of pregnant women decreases in case of placental insufficiency. The effect of dysfunction of the pineal gland on the immune system of pregnant women and on the angiogenic activity of the placenta during pregnancy remains insufficiently studied. Objective: to establish the effect of our method of non-drug correction of function of pineal gland on the state of the cytokine part of the immune system and on the synthesis of placental growth factor (PlGF) in pregnant women with placental insufficiency manifesting as fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Material and methods. 46 pregnant women with IUGR at 30-36 weeks of gestation were examined. The group was divided into two subgroups: with non-drug correction of the pineal gland function (n = 25) and without correction (n = 21). The method of correction included a set of measures of following of lighting regimen, activity and sleep for 14 days. The control group consisted of 20 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Levels of melatonin, PlGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 were determined in the venous blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It was established that the concentration of melatonin in the blood of pregnant women with IUGR was significantly reduced, as well as the concentration of PlGF (p < 0.01). Significant changes were also found in pregnant women with placental insufficiency, namely, increased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α (p < 0.05), IL-1-β (p < 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.05), comparing to healthy pregnant women. Also, in the group of pregnant women with IUGR the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 (p <0.001) and IL-10 (p < 0.001) were elevated in comparison to the control group. After application of the developed complex of non-drug correction of pineal gland function, the concentration of melatonin in the blood of pregnant women in the subgroup of correction increased significantly, comparing to the subgroup without correction (p < 0.001), as well as the level of PlGF (p < 0.05). Also, significantly lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1-β and IL-6 were observed in pregnant women in the subgroup of correction (p < 0.01). Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, under the influence of the developed complex of measures there was a decrease in the level of IL-4 and an increase in the level of IL-10 (p < 0.01). Conclusions. When the measures, aimed at non-drug correction of function of pineal gland, are applied in pregnant women with placental insufficiency, manifested as IUGR, the following changes are observed: increased of plasma levels of melatonin and placental growth factor, decreased of levels of proinflammatory cytokines. We suggest that the pineal gland exerts its effect on the immune system through melatonin, which moderates the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby reducing the influence of inflammation on placental tissue, what results in increasing of concentrations of placental growth factor in the blood of pregnant women.

scholarly journals Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the First Trimester—Comparison of Missed Miscarriage and Normal Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8538
Author(s):  
Maciej Kwiatek ◽  
Tomasz Gęca ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Tgf Β1

The advantage in response of Th2 over Th1 is observed in normal pregnancy in peripheral blood. A disturbance of this balance can lead to symptoms of miscarriage and pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera of women who were diagnosed with missed miscarriage in the first trimester and to compare this systemic immune response to the response in women with normal pregnancy. The study group consisted of 61 patients diagnosed with missed miscarriage. In total, 19 healthy women with uncomplicated first trimester created the control group. Cytokines were determined in the maternal serum by ELISA. The analysis included INF-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-4, Il-5, Il-6, Il-9, Il-10, Il-13 and TGF-β1. Th1 cytokine levels in the study group reached slightly higher values for INF-γ, Il-1β and slightly lower for IL-6 and TNF-α. In turn, Th2 cytokine levels in the study group were slightly higher (Il-9, Il-13), significantly higher (Il4, p = 0.015; Il-5, p = 0.0003) or showed no differences with the control group (Il-10). Slightly lower concentration involved only TGF-β1. Analysis of the correlation between levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines resulted in some discrepancies, without showing predominance of a specific immune response. The results did not confirm that women with missed miscarriage had an advantage in any type of immune response in comparison to women with normal pregnancy.

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