scholarly journals Metabonomics Research Progress on Liver Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqian Yu ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Qingwei Cong ◽  
Chunyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
The Common

Metabolomics as the new omics technique develops after genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics and has rapid development at present. Liver diseases are worldwide public health problems. In China, chronic hepatitis B and its secondary diseases are the common liver diseases. They can be diagnosed by the combination of history, virology, liver function, and medical imaging. However, some patients seldom have relevant physical examination, so the diagnosis may be delayed. Many other liver diseases, such as drug-induced liver injury (DILI), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and autoimmune liver diseases, still do not have definite diagnostic markers; the diagnosis consists of history, medical imaging, and the relevant score. As a result, the clinical work becomes very complex. So it has broad prospects to explore the specific and sensitive biomarkers of liver diseases with metabolomics. In this paper, there are several summaries which are related to the current research progress and application of metabolomics on biomarkers of liver diseases.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Properties of Polyphenols against Liver Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3517
Author(s):  
Jorge Simón ◽  
María Casado-Andrés ◽  
Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga ◽  
Marina Serrano-Maciá ◽  
María Luz Martínez-Chantar
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

Current food tendencies, suboptimal dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are spreading metabolic disorders worldwide. Consequently, the prevalence of liver pathologies is increasing, as it is the main metabolic organ in the body. Chronic liver diseases, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the main cause, have an alarming prevalence of around 25% worldwide. Otherwise, the consumption of certain drugs leads to an acute liver failure (ALF), with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) as its main cause, or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although programs carried out by authorities are focused on improving dietary habits and lifestyle, the long-term compliance of the patient makes them difficult to follow. Thus, the supplementation with certain substances may represent a more easy-to-follow approach for patients. In this context, the consumption of polyphenol-rich food represents an attractive alternative as these compounds have been characterized to be effective in ameliorating liver pathologies. Despite of their structural diversity, certain similar characteristics allow to classify polyphenols in 5 groups: stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and curcuminoids. Herein, we have identified the most relevant compounds in each group and characterized their main sources. By this, authorities should encourage the consumption of polyphenol-rich products, as most of them are available in quotidian life, which might reduce the socioeconomical burden of liver diseases.

scholarly journals Changes in Etiologies of Hospitalized Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in Beijing 302 Hospital from 2002 to 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binxia Chang ◽  
Baosen Li ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Guangju Teng ◽  
Ang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Autoimmune Liver Disease ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Background. Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China has decreased gradually due to the application of a national HBV vaccination program. In contrast, the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, and drug-induced liver injury has markedly increased. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of 82,562 hospitalized patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis in Beijing 302 Hospital from 2002 to 2013. Results. The top four etiologies of cirrhosis were HBV, HCV, ALD, and autoimmune liver disease. The percentage of HBV cirrhosis decreased from 81.53% in 2002 to 66.0% in 2013, whereas the frequency of alcoholic cirrhosis increased from 3.34% in 2002 to 8.40% in 2013. Females (84.34%) accounted for the majority of cirrhotic patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Males accounted for 80.16% of HBV cirrhosis patients and 98.02% of alcoholic cirrhosis patients. Conclusion. In Beijing 302 Hospital, the top four etiologies of cirrhosis were HBV, HCV, ALD, and autoimmune liver disease. Over the last 12 years, the prevalence of HBV cirrhosis has decreased gradually, whereas that of alcoholic cirrhosis has increased significantly.

scholarly journals Assessing Toxicity in Drug Trials in Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

AbstractSince the early trials in viral hepatitis, more and more new drugs are being tested for use in various liver diseases. Since drug hepatotoxicity is a major cause of drugs under investigation not making it to market, the assessment of drug-induced liver injury in clinical trials of new drugs is crucial. This review will focus on the systems that are used to assess drug-induced liver injury in clinical trials and will discuss how some of these criteria are inappropriate or inaccurate in this function together with suggestions for improvement.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis in liver disease: new insights into disease mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Rongtao Jiang ◽  
Ran Xue ◽  
Xuehong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractCharacterized by excessive iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent cell death, which is morphologically, genetically, and biochemically distinct from other well-known cell death. In recent years, ferroptosis has been quickly gaining attention in the field of liver diseases, as the liver is predisposed to oxidative injury and generally, excessive iron accumulation is a primary characteristic of most major liver diseases. In the current review, we first delineate three cellular defense mechanisms against ferroptosis (GPx4 in the mitochondria and cytosol, FSP1 on plasma membrane, and DHODH in mitochondria), along with four canonical modulators of ferroptosis (system Xc−, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, p53, and GTP cyclohydrolase-1). Next, we review recent progress of ferroptosis studies delineating molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of several common liver diseases including ischemia/reperfusion-related injury (IRI), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), hemochromatosis (HH), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Furthermore, we also highlight both challenges and promises that emerged from recent studies that should be addressed and pursued in future investigations before ferroptosis regulation could be adopted as an effective therapeutic target in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Ademethionine in the treatment of fatigue in liver diseases: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
K L Raikhelson ◽  
E A Kondrashina
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Wide Range

Fatigue has a significant effect on the condition of patients with liver disease. Ademethionine is considered one of the most promising drugs for its treatment. Aim. To systematize the published data on the treatment of hepatogenic fatigue with аdemethionine. Materials and methods. Search was performed using databases PubMed, EMBASE, Embase®, Medline®, eLIBRARY.ru, published in 1952-2018. Results and discussion. 16 articles were found on the use of ademethionine in liver diseases and the assessment of the dynamics of the symptom of fatigue, including 1 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 3 open randomized studies; most of the works were multicenter open observation programs. The studies included 3238 patients (of which 2820 were included in the final data analysis) and a wide range of liver diseases: alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cirrhosis of different causes, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury. Different doses, routes of administration of аdemethionine and the duration of the course were used. Conclusions. Ademethionine, regardless of the route of administration, is effective in the treatment of fatigue due to different liver disease in the short and long term. The dose-dependent effect of the drug and the possibility of maintaining post-effect after end of the treatment course should be assumed, but this requires further study in randomized clinical trials.

Genetics in Common Liver Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Precise Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lammert
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Genome Wide

In the past 2 decades, advances in genetics have improved our understanding of liver disease and physiology. Firstly, developments in genomic technologies drove the identification of genes responsible for monogenic (Mendelian) liver diseases. Over the last decade, genome-wide association studies allowed for the dissection of the genetic susceptibility to complex liver diseases such as fatty liver disease and drug-induced liver injury, in which environmental co-factors play critical roles. The findings have allowed the identification and elaboration of pathophysiological processes, have indicated the need for reclassification of liver diseases and risk factors and have already pointed to new disease treatments. This is illustrated by the interaction of alcohol, overnutrition and the PNPLA3 gene, which represents an ‘infernal triangle' for the liver. In the future, genetics will allow further stratification of liver diseases and contribute to personalized (precision) medicine, offering novel opportunities for translational research and clinical care of our patients.

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