scholarly journals Nutraceutical Properties of Polyphenols against Liver Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3517
Author(s):  
Jorge Simón ◽  
María Casado-Andrés ◽  
Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga ◽  
Marina Serrano-Maciá ◽  
María Luz Martínez-Chantar
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

Current food tendencies, suboptimal dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are spreading metabolic disorders worldwide. Consequently, the prevalence of liver pathologies is increasing, as it is the main metabolic organ in the body. Chronic liver diseases, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the main cause, have an alarming prevalence of around 25% worldwide. Otherwise, the consumption of certain drugs leads to an acute liver failure (ALF), with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) as its main cause, or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although programs carried out by authorities are focused on improving dietary habits and lifestyle, the long-term compliance of the patient makes them difficult to follow. Thus, the supplementation with certain substances may represent a more easy-to-follow approach for patients. In this context, the consumption of polyphenol-rich food represents an attractive alternative as these compounds have been characterized to be effective in ameliorating liver pathologies. Despite of their structural diversity, certain similar characteristics allow to classify polyphenols in 5 groups: stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and curcuminoids. Herein, we have identified the most relevant compounds in each group and characterized their main sources. By this, authorities should encourage the consumption of polyphenol-rich products, as most of them are available in quotidian life, which might reduce the socioeconomical burden of liver diseases.

scholarly journals Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis following Treatment with Zoledronic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Sarah Schneider ◽  
Matteo Montani ◽  
Felix Stickel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Adverse drug reactions are among the most frequent side effects of synthetic and complementary alternative drugs and represent the premier causes of license revocations and acute liver failure. Drug-induced liver injury can resemble literally any other genuine liver disease and usually responds well to drug dechallenge. However, in some cases autoimmune-like hepatitis can evolve, requiring short- and sometimes long-term immunosuppression. Here, we present the hitherto first case of autoimmune-like hepatitis following treatment with zoledronic acid.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – discussed under the light of Unani medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyazuddin ◽  
Arisha Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the diseases that have evolved lately into a major challenge for gastroenterologists. Although, the term NAFLD has not been familiar to the medical world since long, other conditions resembling the presentation of NAFLD have been there since primitive times. It is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In the developed countries NAFLD is reported to be the most common liver disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 6–35%, in India its prevalence has been increasing gradually. Unani physicians have described liver as one of the principal organs of the body. It is the primary source of natural faculties, where the functions of digestion, concoction, absorption and excretion are performed, normally temperament of liver is hot and moist which can get converted to cold due to mutable dietary habits, consumption of fatty and cold food in abundance etc. In Unani System of Medicine, NAFLD has not been described as such, but it can be studied under Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid due to correlation of most of the symptoms. Its management mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the liver and correction of Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid by using drugs having opposite temperament (Ilaj bil zid).

scholarly journals Potentially hepatotoxic drugs are still being prescribed to liver disease patients under tertiary care: it is time to say enough

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dorelo ◽  
Samantha T.A. Barcelos ◽  
Magela Barros ◽  
Valeria Elustondo ◽  
Ysela Y.P. Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes

Introduction and aim: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) manifests as a spectrum of clinical presentations that carries morbidity and mortality. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly hospitalized, are at high risk for developing DILI. We aimed to investigate the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs (PHD) in patients with CLD in a tertiary university hospital. Materials and methods: Adult (≥ 18 years-old) with CLD admitted to the hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were evaluated regarding PHD, assessing the risk of DILI and liver enzymes behavior after exposure. Results: From 931 hospitalized patients with CLD, 291 (31.3%) were exposed to hepatotoxic drugs during their hospitalization. Of those, 244 (83.8%) were cirrhotic. The most frequent causes of liver disease were hepatitis C (41.2%), followed by alcohol (13.2%), hepatitis C/alcohol (11.7%) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (5.8%). Decompensated cirrhosis (46.7%) was the main reason for hospital admission. The most often prescribed PHD were antibiotics (67.7%), cardiovascular drugs (34.4%), neuromodulators (26.1%) and anesthetics (19.9%). After exposure, 113 patients (38.8%) presented significant elevated liver enzymes. Surprisingly, PHD were more often prescribed in GI/Liver unit (48.8%) followed by emergency/intensive care unit (28.5%). A total of 65 patients (22%) died, however in neither case was it possible to safely infer causal relationship among PHD, liver enzymes and death. Conclusion: PHD prescription is frequent in patients with CLD even in a tertiary university hospital and in the gastroenterology and hepatology department, exposing these patients to an additional risk.

MicroRNAs as regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in liver diseases

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-322526
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Bryan Mackowiak ◽  
Bin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Mrna Targets

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translational inhibition. miRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological liver functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver metabolism dysregulation, liver injury, liver fibrosis and tumour development, making miRNAs attractive therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases with a major focus on miRNAs that are specifically expressed or enriched in hepatocytes (miR-122, miR-194/192), neutrophils (miR-223), hepatic stellate cells (miR-29), immune cells (miR-155) and in circulation (miR-21). The functions and target genes of these miRNAs are emphasised in alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well liver fibrosis and liver failure. We touch on the roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication between hepatocytes and other types of cells via extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We provide perspective on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of liver diseases and discuss the challenges in miRNA-based therapy for liver diseases. Further investigation of miRNAs in the liver will help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases and may identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Assessing Toxicity in Drug Trials in Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury

AbstractSince the early trials in viral hepatitis, more and more new drugs are being tested for use in various liver diseases. Since drug hepatotoxicity is a major cause of drugs under investigation not making it to market, the assessment of drug-induced liver injury in clinical trials of new drugs is crucial. This review will focus on the systems that are used to assess drug-induced liver injury in clinical trials and will discuss how some of these criteria are inappropriate or inaccurate in this function together with suggestions for improvement.

scholarly journals Mixed steatohepatitis: more questions than answers (part 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
Karina L. Raikhelson ◽  
Elina A. Kondrashina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Pazenko
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Progressive Course

In this review, we discussed the epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects of mixed steatohepatitis (SH), developed due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury. We discussed the mechanisms of the mutually aggravating influence of etiological factors. Drugs can cause steatosis and SH, as well as contribute to the progressive course of existing SH, primarily of metabolic origin. The issues of interaction of pathogenetic factors, peculiarities of diagnostics and perspectives of pathogenetic and symptomatic treatment are considered. Therapy of mixed SH is based on avoidance of hepatotoxic drugs and lifestyle modification, medications with demonstrated efficacy (such as ademetionine) in certain SH might be used.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Liver Interaction through Immune System Cross-Talk: A Comprehensive Review at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio Scarpellini ◽  
Sharmila Fagoonee ◽  
Emanuele Rinninella ◽  
Carlo Rasetti ◽  
Isabella Aquila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Response ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Systemic Immunity ◽  
Immune Mediated

Background and aims: The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeasts and other single-celled organisms. It is involved in the development and maintenance of both innate and systemic immunity of the body. Emerging evidence has shown its role in liver diseases through the immune system cross-talk. We review herein literature data regarding the triangular interaction between gut microbiota, immune system and liver in health and disease. Methods: We conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, microbiome, gut virome, immunity, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: The gut microbiota consists of microorganisms that educate our systemic immunity through GALT and non-GALT interactions. The latter maintain health but are also involved in the pathophysiology and in the outcome of several liver diseases, particularly those with metabolic, toxic or immune-mediated etiology. In this context, gut virome has an emerging role in liver diseases and needs to be further investigated, especially due to the link reported between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hepatic dysfunctions. Conclusions: Changes in gut microbiota composition and alterations in the immune system response are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and immune-mediated liver diseases.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Liver

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Morgan ◽  
Kay Samuel ◽  
Martin Vandeputte ◽  
Peter C. Hayes ◽  
John N. Plevris
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
And Function

A novel strain of coronoviridae (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan China in December 2019. Initially, infection presented with a broad spectrum of symptoms which typically included muscle aches, fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via ACE2 receptors which are abundant throughout the respiratory tract. However, there is evidence that these receptors are abundant throughout the body, and just as abundant in cholangiocytes as alveolar cells, posing the question of possible direct liver injury. While liver enzymes and function tests do seem to be deranged in some patients, it is questionable if the injury is due to direct viral damage, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia, or microthromboses. Likely, the injury is multifactoral, and management of infected patients with pre-existing liver disease should be taken into consideration. Ultimately, a vaccine is needed to aid in reducing cases of SARS-CoV-2 and providing immunity to the general population. However, while considering the types of vaccines available, safety concerns, particularly of RNA- or DNA-based vaccines, need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Feasibility of an integrated approach to the treatment of liver diseases in various patients during post-COVID-19 rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
G.B. Selivanova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Poteshkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

COVID-19 pandemic has made the problem of its complex pharmacotherapy urgent, taking into account the common presence of symptoms from the digestive system in the clinical picture. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is actively involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 both in the period of prodromal events and the acute disease phase, with the preservation of several complaints and during the post-COVID-19 syndrome. The liver is one of the main organs that is commonly affected by COVID-19 after the respiratory system. The polyetiological nature of liver lesions in COVID-19 includes the following: direct viral damage to hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, systemic inflammatory response and cytokine aggression, reactive hepatitis, drug toxicity, hypoxia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction in terminal patients. Special attention should be paid to the liver condition in COVID-19 in comorbid patients with metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as chronic liver diseases with a history of viral and autoimmune genesis. Rehabilitation issues concerning patients after COVID-19 are currently under active development. At the same time, the experience of clinical cases leaves no doubt that it is necessary to take into account the hepatobiliary system condition and the presence of comorbidity when implementing rehabilitation programs. Methods customization to the issues of early recovery of post-COVID-19 patients implies knowledge of the differentiated use of hepatotropic drugs based on Russian and foreign clinical recommendations. KEYWORDS: liver diseases, COVID-19, rehabilitation, essential phospholipids, milk thistle extract, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cytokine damage, angiotensin converting enzyme, liver transaminases, drug-induced liver injuries. FOR CITATION: Selivanova G.B., Poteshkina N.G. Feasibility of an integrated approach to the treatment of liver diseases in various patients during post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(6):413–420 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021- 5-6-413-420.

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