scholarly journals Analysis of the Ocular Refractive State in Fighting Bulls: Astigmatism Prevalence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juan M. Bueno ◽  
Matteo Lo Sapio ◽  
J. Manuel Sanes ◽  
Juan Seva
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Refractive State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to describe the ocular refractive state (ORS) of fighting bulls. The study consisted of 90 ophthalmological healthy animals (85 in post-mortem and 5 in living conditions, resp.). The ORS of the eyes (2 per animal) was determined using streak retinoscopy. In vivo animals were assessed at a fighting bull farm facility. Post-mortem measurements were carried out at a local arena. The ORS along the horizontal meridian ranged between −1.00 and +2.50 diopters (D), with a mean of +0.66±0.85 D in post-mortem animals. Values for in vivo conditions were similar (+0.75±0.46 D). Left and right eyes were highly correlated in both sets (p<0.001). A fairly good correlation was also observed when comparing living and post-mortem eyes in the same animals. Anisometropia ≥ 1.00 D was diagnosed in 3 animals. Astigmatism (≥+0.5 D) was detected in 93% of the eyes. To our knowledge, the ORS of the fighting bull has been reported for the first time. Although values vary among individuals, all eyes presented a marked astigmatism. Whereas the horizontal meridian was slightly hyperopic, the vertical meridian was always closer to emmetropia. These results represent a starting point to understand the ocular optics of this kind of animals, which might benefit the selection of animals at the farm before being sent to the bullfighting arena.

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease alters astrocytic functions related to neuronal support and transcellular internalization of mitochondria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Lampinen ◽  
Irina Belaya ◽  
Liudmila Saveleva ◽  
Jeffrey R Liddell ◽  
Dzhessi Rait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Human Neurons ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
First Time

Under physiological conditions in vivo astrocytes internalize and degrade neuronal mitochondria in a process called transmitophagy. Mitophagy is widely reported to be impaired in neurodegeneration but it is unknown whether and how transmitophagy is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report that the internalization and degradation of neuronal mitochondria are significantly increased in astrocytes isolated from aged AD mouse brains. We also demonstrate for the first time a similar phenomenon between human neurons and AD astrocytes, and in murine hippocampi in vivo. The results suggest the involvement of S100a4 in impaired mitochondrial transfer between neurons and aged AD astrocytes. Significant increases in the mitophagy regulator Ambra1 were observed in the aged AD astrocytes. These findings demonstrate altered neuron-supporting functions of aged AD astrocytes and provide a starting point for studying the molecular mechanisms of transmitophagy in AD.

In vitroactivity of the F-6 fraction of oregano againstGiardia intestinalis

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADIRA RUFINO-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
MARTHA PONCE-MACOTELA ◽  
ANGÉLICA GONZÁLEZ-MACIEL ◽  
RAFAEL REYNOSO-ROBLES ◽  
MANUEL JIMÉNEZ-ESTRADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Metallic Taste ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYGiardiosis is a neglected parasitic disease that produces diarrhoea and different degrees of malabsorption in humans and animals. Its treatment is based on derivatives of 5-nitroimidazoles, benzimidazoles, nitrofuranes, acridine and nitrotiazoles. These drugs produce undesirable secondary effects, ranging from a metallic taste in the mouth to genetic damage and the selection of resistant strains; therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic alternatives. We demonstrated that a 2-h treatment with 2·87μg ml−1of fraction 6 ofLippia graveolens(F-6) was sufficient to kill half of an experimentalGiardia intestinalis(Syn.G. duodenalis, G. lamblia) population, based on the reduction of MTT-tetrazolium salt levels. F-6 breaks the nuclear envelope and injures the ventral suckling disc. The major compounds of F-6 were characterized as naringenin, thymol, pinocembrin and traces of compounds not yet identified. The results suggest thatLippiais a potential source to obtain compounds with anti-Giardiaactivity. This knowledge is an important starting point to develop new anti-giardial drugs. Future studies will be required to establish the efficacy of F-6in vivousing an animal model.

scholarly journals Puisi Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Ian Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
English Language ◽  
The South ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Common ◽  
Light And Shadow ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Puisi selatan is a small selection of Sydney poet Ian Campbell’s Indonesian language poems taken from the author’s larger collection titled Selatan-Sur-South of Indonesian language poems - which appeared in PORTAL in 2008 - but now supplemented, for the first time, with English language versions which have been rendered by the poet himself from the ‘starting point’ of these original four Indonesian language poems.   In all there are here now eight poems – four in Indonesian and four in English – with the common thread, for the poet, of being written ‘in the south’. For the poet also, they now interact, across languages, as a set of poems which consider the ways in which the actions of ‘memorialising’ are often intertwined with specific responses to the natural environment.   The poems ‘Semenanjung Bilgola’ and ‘Bilgola headland’ are poems reflecting upon the efforts the poet’s parents made in the late 1960s-early 1970s to restore the natural environment on a headland of one of Sydney’s northern beaches which had been donated to the National Trust. The Indonesian language original poem was read by the poet himself and by Indonesian poets in cities in West Java in 2004 and also at the first Ubud Writers Festival in 2004 by Indonesian female poet, Toeti Heraty,   The poems ‘Berziarah di Punta de Lobos, Chile’ and ‘Pilgrimage to Punta de Lobos’ are also memorialising poems and reflect upon the idea of ’pilgimage’ to a natural location near Pichilemu on the Chilean coast which is popular with surfers. In contrast, the poems ‘Simfoni angin’ and ‘Symphony of the winds’ describe the sights and sounds of a rural area near Purranque in the south of Chile, but here too the poet reflects upon the ways in which present evokes past.   The final poems ‘Buenos Aires’ - rendered as the title in both languages - explore the ways in which the Argentinian café becomes a place in which memories of the city are revealed anew through the processes of inversion of light and shadow, of internal and external shapes and sounds, as if through a camera lens.   Puisi selatan can be rendered in English as ‘poetry of the south’ as all poems derive their impetus from settings in Australia or in Latin America, specifically either Chile or Argentina. They were originally written in Indonesian as part of the poet’s interest in using Bahasa Indonesia as a language of creative writing.  

scholarly journals Glutamic acid promotes hair growth in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Poblete Jara ◽  
Beatriz de Andrade Berti ◽  
Natalia Ferreira Mendes ◽  
Daiane F. Engel ◽  
Ariane Maria Zanesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
First Time

AbstractGlutamic Acid is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in neurons. Abnormal distributions of the glutamic acid receptors have been shown in hyper proliferative models such as psoriasis and skin regeneration. However, the biological function of glutamic acid in the skin remains unclear. Using ex vivo, in vivo and in silico approaches, we showed for the first time that exogenous glutamic acid promotes hair growth and keratinocyte proliferation. Topical application of glutamic acid decreased expression of genes related to apoptosis signaling in the skin. Also, we showed Glutamic acid increased viability and proliferation in cultured human keratinocyte. For the first time, we identified the excitotoxic GA concentration and we provided evidence for the existence of a novel skin signaling pathway mediated by a neurotransmitter controlling keratinocyte and hair follicle proliferation. In perspective, we anticipate our results could be the starting point to elucidate how exogenous glutamic acid from food intake or even endogenous GA from neuropsychiatric disorders modulate skin diseases.

scholarly journals Synaptic Loss in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human Post-mortem Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Amelie Möck ◽  
Eveliina Honkonen ◽  
Laura Airas
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Reference Tissue ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Synaptic Density ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Entire Central Nervous System ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Gray matter pathology plays a central role in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The occurrence of synaptic loss appears to be important but, to date, still poorly investigated aspect of MS pathology. In this systematic review, we drew from the recent knowledge about synaptic loss in human post-mortem studies.Methods: We conducted a systematic search with PubMed to identify relevant publications. Publications available from15 June 2021 were taken into account. We selected human post-mortem studies that quantitatively assessed the synapse number in MS tissue.Results: We identified 14 relevant publications out of which 9 reported synaptic loss in at least one investigated subregion. The most commonly used synaptic marker was synaptophysin; non-etheless, we found substantial differences in the methodology and the selection of reference tissue. Investigated regions included the cortex, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the spinal cord.Conclusion: Synaptic loss seems to take place throughout the entire central nervous system. However, the results are inconsistent, probably due to differences in the methodology. Moreover, synaptic loss appears to be a dynamic process, and thus the nature of this pathology might be captured using in vivo synaptic density measurements.

Lay Perceptions of Two Modern Artworks

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Mikko Lagerspetz
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Salvador Dali ◽  
Lay Perceptions ◽  
Phenomenological Sociology ◽  
Professional Quality ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Heuristic Device ◽  
Contemporary Artist ◽  
Selection Of

The paper is based on 82 open-ended interviews conducted by as many students during 2006–2013. The respondents were presented with pictures of two artworks, The Persistence of Memory (1931) by Salvador Dalí and Which Link Fails First? (1992) by Teemu Mäki, a Finnish contemporary artist. They were asked to comment and compare the two pictures and tell which one they liked better. The respondents’ spontaneous comments show different aspects of how an artwork is perceived and evaluated. The interviews were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. As the result of in vivo coding, 40 variables were created for use in a content analysis. The respondents focused on different things when evaluating the two artworks. When commenting Dalí’s painting, they paid attention on its affective and sensory characteristics, while Mäki’s work was discussed primarily in terms of its message and perceived lack of professional quality. In parallel, a selection of interviews was analysed in order to reveal the temporal sequence of discussing and evaluating different aspects of the paintings. The analysis showed three ways of discussing, which were called naïve, scholarly, and deliberative. The temporally structured model of aesthetic appreciation and judgement suggested in 2004 by Leder and his co-workers was used as a heuristic device for an analysis of the shifts of attention that take place when a discourse is created and anchored in perception. Both cognitive psychology and phenomenological sociology emphasize the dependence of perception on context and intention; there is reason to take that theoretical starting point seriously.

scholarly journals Positions and Numbers ofFKSMutations in Candida albicans Selectively InfluenceIn VitroandIn VivoSusceptibilities to Echinocandin Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 3626-3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lackner ◽  
M. Tscherner ◽  
M. Schaller ◽  
K. Kuchler ◽  
C. Mair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Double Mutation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Isogenic Mutants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTCandidemia is the fourth most common kind of microbial bloodstream infection, withCandida albicansbeing the most common causative species. Echinocandins are employed as the first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis until the fungal species is determined and confirmed by clinical diagnosis. Echinocandins block theFKSglucan synthases responsible for embedding β-(1,3)-d-glucan in the cell wall. The increasing use of these drugs has led to the emergence of antifungal resistance, and elevated MICs have been associated with single-residue substitutions in specific hot spot regions ofFKS1andFKS2. Here, we show for the first time the caspofungin-mediatedin vivoselection of a double mutation within one allele of theFKS1hot spot 1 in a clinical isolate. We created a set of isogenic mutants and used a hematogenous murine model to evaluate thein vivooutcomes of echinocandin treatment. Heterozygous and homozygous double mutations significantly enhance thein vivoresistance ofC. albicanscompared with the resistance seen with heterozygous single mutations. The variousFKS1hot spot mutations differ in the degree of their MIC increase, substance-dependentin vivoresponse, and impact on virulence. Our results demonstrate that echinocandin EUCAST breakpoint definitions correlate with thein vivoresponse when a standard dosing regimen is used but cannot predict thein vivoresponse after a dose escalation. Moreover, patients colonized by aC. albicansstrain with multiple mutations inFKS1have a higher risk for therapeutic failure.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Pseudomonas putida Mobile Genetic Element ISPpu10: an Occupant of Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Ramos-González ◽  
María Jesús Campos ◽  
Juan Luis Ramos ◽  
Manuel Espinosa-Urgel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Insertion Element ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Free Strain ◽  
Palindromic Sequences ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic

ABSTRACT We have characterized the Pseudomonas putida KT2440 insertion element ISPpu10. This insertion sequence encodes a transposase which exhibits homology to the transposases and specific recombinases of the Piv/Moov family, and no inverted repeats are present at the borders of its left and right ends, thus constituting a new member of the atypical IS110/IS492 family. ISPpu10 was found in at least seven identical loci in the KT2440 genome, and variants were identified having an extra insertion at distinct loci. ISPpu10 always appeared within the core of specific repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences TCGCGGGTAAACCCG CT CCTAC, exhibiting high target stringency. One intragenic target was found associated with the truncation of a GGDEF/EAL domain protein. After active in vitro transposition to a plasmid-borne target, a duplication of the CT (underlined above) at the junction as a consequence of the ISPpu10 insertion was experimentally demonstrated for the first time in the IS110/IS492 family. The same duplication was observed after transposition of ISPpu10 from a plasmid to the chromosome of P. putida DOT-T1E, an ISPpu10-free strain with REPs similar to those of strain KT2440. Plasmid ISPpu10-mediated rearrangements were observed in vivo under laboratory conditions and in the plant rhizosphere.

Do Extra-Platelet Sources Contribute to the Plasma Level of Thrombospondin?

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dawes ◽  
D A Pratt ◽  
M S Dewar ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Bone Marrow Depression ◽  
Serial Sampling ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThrombospondin, a trimeric glycoprotein contained in the platelet α-granules, has been proposed as a marker of in vivo platelet activation. However, it is also synthesised by a range of other cells. The extraplatelet contribution to plasma levels of thrombospondin was therefore estimated by investigating the relationship between plasma thrombospondin levels and platelet count in samples from profoundly thrombocytopenic patients with marrow hypoplasia, using the platelet-specific α-granule protein β-thromboglobulin as control. Serum concentrations of both proteins were highly correlated with platelet count, but while plasma β-thromboglobulin levels and platelet count also correlated, there was no relationship between the number of platelets and thrombospondin concentrations in plasma. Serial sampling of patients recovering from bone marrow depression indicated that the plasma thrombospondin contributed by platelets is superimposed on a background concentration of at least 50 ng/ml probably derived from a non-platelet source, and plasma thrombospondin levels do not simply reflect platelet release.

Competition of Verb Aspects and Its Resolution as a Creative Act (Based on the Material of Aspects Variants in the Texts by F. M. Dostoevsky)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Verb Aspect ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aspectual Meaning

The article considers the competition of verbal aspects from a new perspective. Instead of employing the traditional method of demonstrating this phenomenon — an empirical replacement of the aspect of a verb in a phrase with the opposite — the author examines Dostoevsky’s choice between the variants found in different manuscripts of the same text. For the first time, based on a two-component theory of the semantic invariant of a verb type, the aspectual meaning of the selection of a verb aspect is revealed and, as a result of contextual analysis, an artistic interpretation of the selected type is proposed.

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