scholarly journals Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solution by Optimized Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Biochar as Low Cost Adsorbent

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Zamani ◽  
Robiah Yunus ◽  
A. W. Samsuri ◽  
M. A. Mohd Salleh ◽  
Bahareh Asady
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to produce optimized biochar from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), as a green, low cost adsorbent for uptake of zinc from aqueous solution. The impact of pyrolysis conditions, namely, highest treatment temperature (HTT), heating rate (HR), and residence time (RT) on biochar yield and adsorption capacity towards zinc, was investigated. Mathematical modeling and optimization of independent variables were performed employing response surface methodology (RSM). HTT was found to be the most influential variable, followed by residence time and heating rate. Based on the central composite design (CCD), two quadratic models were developed to correlate three independent variables to responses. The optimum production condition for OPEFB biochar was found as follows: HTT of 615°C, HR of 8°C/min, and RT of 128 minutes. The optimum biochar showed 15.18 mg/g adsorption capacity for zinc and 25.49% of yield which was in agreement with the predicted values, satisfactory. Results of the characterization of optimum product illustrated well-developed BET surface area and porous structure in optimum product which favored its sorptive ability.

Recent Advances in Fluidized Bed Gasification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma ◽  
Olagoke Oladokun
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Gasification Technology ◽  
Potential Use

The chapter presents recent developments in the gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) through fluidized bed gasifiers. The bioenergy potential of oil palm EFB as an environmentally friendly biomass is presented. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the prospects of utilising biomass gasification technology as a practical method for valorising EFB. The successful development and deployment of gasification for oil palm EFB depends on a critical understanding of the fundamental theories of the chemical reactions, classification, and operational parameters of biomass gasifiers. Hence, the potential use of fluidized bed gasifiers for oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is highlighted in detail. Next, the analysis of the fundamental theories, assumptions, and equations of fluidization critical to fluidized bed gasification of EFB is presented. The chapter concludes by highlighting the potential of oil palm EFB as a low-cost, abundant, lignocellulosic feedstock for valorisation through fluidized bed gasification.

scholarly journals Highly Porous and Nutrients-Rich Biochar Derived from Dairy Cattle Manure and Its Potential for Removal of Cationic Compound from Water

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Tien Tsai ◽  
Chien-Hung Hsu ◽  
Yu-Quan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Highly Porous

The use of biochar in the horticulture and crop fields is a recent method to improve soil fertility due to its porous features and rich nutrients. In the present study, dairy manure (DM) was used as a biomass precursor in the preparation of highly porous biochar (DM-BC) produced at specific conditions. Based on N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, the resulting biochar featured its microporous/mesoporous textures with a BET surface area of about 300 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.185 cm3/g, which could be a low-cost biosorbent for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution. As observed by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the primary inorganic nutrients on the surface of DM-BC included calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al). Furthermore, the resulting biochar was investigated in duplicate for its biosorption performance of cationic compound (i.e., methylene blue, MB) from the aqueous solution with various initial MB concentrations and DM-BC dosages at 25 °C. The findings showed that the biosorption kinetic parameters fitted by the pseudo-second order rate model with high correlations were consistent with its porous features. These experimental results suggested that the porous DM-based biochar could be reused as a biosorbent, biofertilizer, or soil amendments due to the high porosity and the abundance in nutrient minerals.

Two physical processes enhanced the performance of Auricularia auricula dreg in Cd(II) adsorption: composting and pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1511-1526
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Siqi Huang ◽  
Yingnan Wei ◽  
Xuesheng Liu ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Auricularia Auricula ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crystal Species

Abstract This study aims to discover the impact of composting and pyrolysis on the adsorption performance of Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD) for Cd(II) in aqueous solution. Auricularia auricula dreg (AAD), Auricularia auricula dreg biochar (AADB) and Auricularia auricula dreg compost (AADC) were used to remove Cd(II) from aqueous solution, and their adsorption conditions and mechanisms were compared. The adsorption quantity of three adsorbents reached the maximum (AAD: 80.0 mg/g, AADB: 91.7 mg/g, AADC: 93.5 mg/g) under same conditions (adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, pH 5.0, biosorption temperature of 25 °C, and biosorption time of 120 min). All Cd(II) biosorption processes onto three adsorbents complied with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and spontaneously occurred in an order of AADC > AADB > AAD. The difference in biosorption quantity relied on variation in surface structure, crystal species and element content caused by composting or pyrolysis. Composting enhanced the changes in surface structure, crystal species, functional groups and ion exchange capacity of the AAD, resulting in AAD had greatly improved the biosorption quantity of Cd(II). Pyrolysis increased the adsorption of Cd(II) mainly by increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, the particle size and pH, in the same time, providing more oxygen-containing functional groups.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE FREE ENERGY OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES FIBRE REINFORCED BIOCOMPOSITES AS GLASS FIBRE SUBSTITUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Sukmawati Suryadi ◽  
Siti Nikmatin ◽  
Sudaryanto Sudaryanto ◽  
Irmansyah Irmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Short Fibre ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
The Impact

Study of the size effect of natural fibre from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as filler, onto the mechanical and physical properties of fibre reinforced biocomposites based on recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) has been done. The OPEFB fibres were prepared by mechanical milling and sieving to obtain medium-fibre (20 mesh) and short-fibre (100 mesh). The biocomposites have been produced by extrusion using single-screw extruder method. Mechanical properties and S of biocomposites were evaluated and compared with glass fibre (GF) filled composite which is commonly used in plastics industrial applications. The result showed that the impact strength increased with the decreasing of OPEFB fibre size, while the Young’s modulus decreased. Other mechanical properties of biocomposites with short-fibre (RABS/SF) and medium-fibre (RABS/MF) filler were not significantly different at 95% confidence interval. Impact strength of short-fibre filled biocomposite was higher than glass fibre filled composites. The surface free energy of biocomposites lower than glass fibre filled composites, but its dispersive components are higher, indicating more hydrophobic feature of the surface. The fabricated micro-fibre of OPEFB can be used as viable alternative to substitute glass fibre as filler materials of composites.

scholarly journals A Regression Tree Approach for Investigating the Impact of High Speed Rail on Tourists’ Choices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pagliara ◽  
Filomena Mauriello ◽  
Lucia Russo
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Tree Methods ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides a contribution to the international literature by applying regression tree methods to the analysis of the expected effects of the High Speed Rail project in Italy on the tourism market. This approach, as far as the author knows, has never been applied in this context. Tourism and transport information have been gathered for 99 Italian provinces during the 2006–2016 period. Tree-structured methods have been chosen as an application of regression models in which some explanatory variables are used as covariates to predict the dependent variable values on the basis of some decision rules. This approach establishes a casual effect between dependent and independent variables. The dependent variables chosen are the Italian and foreign tourists, and the number of overnights spent by Italians and foreigners. Among the independent variables are the presence of HSR, the presence of first-level airport hubs and the number of operating bases of low-cost airlines; among the attractiveness variables are the GDP, the number of attractions in a given province, the presence of the sea, the population and the percentage of unemployment. The main outcome of this study is that HSR affects the tourism market.

scholarly journals Characterization and comparison of walnut shells-based activated carbons and their adsorptive properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 450-463
Author(s):  
Xiya Li ◽  
Jieqiong Qiu ◽  
Yiqi Hu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ren ◽  
Lu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The production of low-cost biologically activated carbons (BACs) is urgent need of environmental protection and ecological sustainability. Hence, walnut shells were treated by traditional pyrolysis, direct KOH impregnation and combined activation composed of hydrothermal carbonization and two-step H3PO4- and pyrolysis-activation process to obtain porous carbon with high adsorption capacity. It was found that the best adsorption capacity for iodine and organic dye methylene blue (MB) can be obtained using the KOH impregnation at impregnation ratio of 1:1 or combined activation comprising of 2 h H3PO4 activation and 1 h pyrolysis activation at 1000°C. The produced KOH, H3PO4/pyrolysis activated BACs at the optimum conditions are superior to that of commercial ACs, 9.4 and 1.3 times for MB removal, 4 and 4.5 times for iodine number respectively. Characterization results demonstrated their porous structure with very good textural properties such as high BET surface area (1689.1 m2/g, 1545.3 m2/g) and high total pore volume (0.94 cm3/g, 0.96 cm3/g). The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of H3PO4/pyrolysis activated hydrochar suggested the co-existence of micro and meso-pores. Moreover, they are more effective for the removal of Fe(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution than the commercial AC, suggesting a promising application in the field of water treatment.

Removal of Organic Pollutants in Solution by Bamboo Charcoal

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 554-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Lin Meng ◽  
Yi He Zhang ◽  
Qi An ◽  
Feng Zhu Lv ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Key Factors

Bamboo charcoal (BC) as an environmentally friendly and low-cost material receives widespread attention. Recently, much attention has been focused on the use of BC as adsorbent to treat wastewater. This paper provides an overview of the adsorption of organic contaminants in solution by using BC. The sorption behaviors of BC with various organic pollutants, and the kinetic model adopted to explain the adsorption rate of organic pollutants from aqueous solution were also reviewed. The adsorption capacity, the isotherm model, and several key factors such as modification, surface area, are discussed in this paper. Possible improvement of BC to treat organic contaminants in aqueous solution is also proposed.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by magnetic Fe@graphite nano-composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Konicki ◽  
Rafał Pelka ◽  
Walerian Arabczyk
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Nanocrystalline Iron

Abstract The removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by iron nanoparticles encapsulated by graphitic layers (Fe@G) was investigated. Nanoparticles Fe@G were prepared by chemical vapor deposition CVD process using methane as a carbon source and nanocrystalline iron. The properties of Fe@G were characterized by X-ray Diffraction method (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), BET surface area and zeta potential measurements. The effects of initial Ni2+ concentration (1–20 mg L−1), pH (4–11) and temperature (20–60°C) on adsorption capacity were studied. The adsorption capacity at equilibrium increased from 2.96 to 8.78 mg g−1, with the increase in the initial concentration of Ni2+ from 1 to 20 mg L−1 at pH 7.0 and 20oC. The experimental results indicated that the maximum Ni2+ removal could be attained at a solution pH of 8.2 and the adsorption capacity obtained was 9.33 mg g−1. The experimental data fitted well with the Langmuir model with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 9.20 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamics parameters, ΔHO, ΔGO and ΔSO, were calculated, indicating that the adsorption of Ni2+ onto Fe@G was spontaneous and endothermic in nature.

scholarly journals Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies for The Adsorptive Removal of Lead (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Plantain Peel Biochar

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
FS Nworie ◽  
EC Oroke ◽  
II Ikelle ◽  
JS Nworu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Bet Analysis

AbstractStudies on the adsorption of Pb(II) on plantain peels biochar (PPB) was conducted. The carbonized and activated, biochar was characterized using Braunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and x-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD). BET analysis of the PPB indicated that the pore size (cc/g) and pore surface area (m2/g) was 8.79 and 16.69 respectively. Result of the XRD evaluated through Debye-Scherrer equation, showed a nanostructure with crystallite size of 14.56 nm. Effects of initial metal ion concentration, pH, and contact time were studied in a batch reaction process. Results showed that the adsorption of lead from aqueous solution increased with an increase in pH and initial concentration. Equilibrium modeling studies suggested that the data fitted mainly to the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data tested using various kinetic models fitted the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion model implicating pore diffusion as the main rate limiting step. The sorption studies indicated the potential of plantain peel biochar as an effective, efficient and low cost adsorbent for remediating lead (II) ions contaminated environment.

scholarly journals Adsorption Of Cd(II) Ions From Aqueous Solution By A Low-Cost Biosorbent Prepared From Ipomea Pes-Caprae Stem

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Thaharah Ramadhani ◽  
Faisal Abdullah ◽  
Indra Indra ◽  
Abrar Muslim ◽  
Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir

The use of a low-cost biosorbent prepared from Ipomoea pes-caprae stem for the adsorption of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution at different contact times, biosorbent sizes, pH values, and initial Cd(II) ions concentration solution was investigated. The biosorbent was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to find important IR-active functional groups. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the biosorbent morphology. The experimental results showed the highest Cd(II) ions adsorption was 29.513 mg/g  under an optimal condition as initial Cd(II) ions concentration of 662.77 mg/L, 1 g dose, 80-min contact time, pH 5, 75 rpm of stirring speed, 1 atm, and 30 oC. Cd(II) ions' adsorption kinetics obeys the linearized pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.996), and the adsorption capacity is based on the optimal condition, and the rate attained was 44.444 mg/g and 0.097 g/mg. Min, respectively. Besides, the adsorption isotherms were very well fitted by the linearized Langmuir isotherm model, and the monolayer adsorption capacity and pore volume determined was 30.121 mg/g and 0.129 L/mg, respectively. These results indicated the chemisorption nature

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