scholarly journals Prenatal Diagnosis of a 2.5 Mb De Novo 17q24.1q24.2 Deletion Encompassing KPNA2 and PSMD12 Genes in a Fetus with Craniofacial Dysmorphism, Equinovarus Feet, and Syndactyly

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Emmanuelle Naud ◽  
Lucie Tosca ◽  
Jelena Martinovic ◽  
Julien Saada ◽  
Corinne Métay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Conventional Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Craniofacial Dysmorphism ◽  
Talipes Equinovarus

Interstitial 17q24.1 or 17q24.2 deletions were reported after conventional cytogenetic analysis or chromosomal microarray analysis in patients presenting intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and/or malformations. We report on a fetus with craniofacial dysmorphism, talipes equinovarus, and syndactyly associated with a de novo 2.5 Mb 17q24.1q24.2 deletion. Among the deleted genes, KPNA2 and PSMD12 are discussed for the correlation with the fetal phenotype. This is the first case of prenatal diagnosis of 17q24.1q24.2 deletion.

scholarly journals Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Clinical and Genetic Study of 7 New Cases, and Mini Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 751
Author(s):  
Eva-Cristiana Gavril ◽  
Alina Costina Luca ◽  
Alexandrina-Stefania Curpan ◽  
Roxana Popescu ◽  
Irina Resmerita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Renal Anomalies ◽  
Craniofacial Dysmorphism

Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), a rare disorder determined by distal 4p deletion, is characterized by a pre and postnatal growth retardation, hypotonia, intellectual disability, epilepsy, craniofacial dysmorphism, and congenital fusion anomalies. The clinical aspects are dependent on the deletion’ size. Our aim was to identify rare specific characteristics in a cohort of seven cases with 4p deletion and to assess the utility of Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) (cheap and sensitive test)—combined kits—as a diagnostic test and selection tool for cases that require other investigations (chromosomal microarray analysis—CMA, karyotype). For all cases we conducted a clinical examination with the main features identified: facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, postnatal development delay, cardiac defects and hypotonia. In some cases, we observed seizures, structural brain abnormalities, immunodeficiencies, and renal anomalies. Prenatal growth retardation was detected in a relatively small number of cases, but postnatal growth failure was a constant feature. In all cases, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analyses: karyotype and/or MLPA. In conclusion, renal and brain defects, as well as immunodeficiency are rare manifestations and should be looked for. Although CMA is the standard test, in our experience, MLPA is also a reliable screening method as the identified cases were either confirmed by MLPA or selected for further investigations.

scholarly journals MED13L-related intellectual disability due to paternal germinal mosaicism

2021 ◽  
pp. mcs.a006124
Author(s):  
Beata Bessenyei ◽  
Istvan Balogh ◽  
Attila Mokanszki ◽  
Aniko Ujfalusi ◽  
Rolph Pfundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Mediator Complex ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intragenic Deletion ◽  
Germinal Mosaicism

The MED13L-related intellectual disability or MRFACD syndrome (Mental retardation and distinctive facial features with or without cardiac defects; MIM # 616789) is one of the most common form of syndromic intellectual disability with about a hundred cases reported so far. Affected individuals share overlapping features comprising intellectual disability, hypotonia, motor delay, remarkable speech delay, and a recognizable facial gestalt. De novo disruption of the MED13L gene by deletions, duplications or sequence variants has been identified deleterious. Siblings affected by intragenic deletion transmitted from a mosaic parent have been reported once in the literature. We now present the first case of paternal germinal mosaicism for a missense MED13L variant causing MRFACD syndrome in one of the father's children and be the likely cause of intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism in the other. As part of the Mediator complex, the MED proteins have an essential role in regulating transcription. 32 subunits of the Mediator complex genes have been linked to congenital malformations that are now acknowledged as transcriptomopathies. The MRFACD syndrome has been suggested to represent a recognizable phenotype.

Two-Generation Transmission of Trisomy 18p: Prenatal Diagnosis in a Woman with Mild Intellectual Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Yuting Jiang ◽  
Xiaonan Hu ◽  
Hongguo Zhang ◽  
Ruizhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 15 ◽  
Derivative Chromosome ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
Trisomy 18P

Trisomy 18p is a rarely observed chromosomal aberration. Only 31 cases have previously been described in the literature. Trisomy 18p is associated with mild to moderate phenotypic anomalies and intellectual disability. Here, we report on a pregnant woman in whom noninvasive prenatal testing indicated a high risk of fetal trisomy 18. Prenatal diagnosis and karyotyping of the parents were performed and demonstrated that both the mother and the fetus had a derivative chromosome 15 with a segment of unknown origin. Chromosomal microarray analysis and FISH revealed a 14.9-Mb duplication of 18p and detected 3 centromeres of chromosome 18. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting trisomy 18p due to an unbalanced translocation of 18p onto chromosome 15q showing 2-generation transmission. The results suggest that trisomy 18p can be considered a euchromatic variant.

A de novo 1q22q23.1 Interstitial Microdeletion in a Girl with Intellectual Disability and Multiple Congenital Anomalies Including Congenital Heart Defect

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Aleksiūnienė ◽  
Egle Preiksaitiene ◽  
Aušra Morkūnienė ◽  
Laima Ambrozaitytė ◽  
Algirdas Utkus
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Congenital Heart Defect ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Karyotyping ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Heart Defect

Many studies have shown that molecular karyotyping is an effective diagnostic tool in individuals with developmental delay/intellectual disability. We report on a de novo interstitial 1q22q23.1 microdeletion, 1.6 Mb in size, detected in a patient with short stature, microcephaly, hypoplastic corpus callosum, cleft palate, minor facial anomalies, congenital heart defect, camptodactyly of the 4-5th fingers, and intellectual disability. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a 1.6-Mb deletion in the 1q22q23.1 region, arr[GRCh37] 1q22q23.1(155630752_157193893)×1. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed its de novo origin. The deleted region encompasses 50 protein-coding genes, including the morbid genes APOA1BP, ARHGEF2, LAMTOR2, LMNA, NTRK1, PRCC, RIT1, SEMA4A, and YY1AP1. Although the unique phenotype observed in our patient can arise from the haploinsufficiency of the dosage-sensitive LMNA gene, the dosage imbalance of other genes implicated in the rearrangement could also contribute to the phenotype. Further studies are required for the delineation of the phenotype associated with this rare chromosomal alteration and elucidation of the critical genes for manifestation of the specific clinical features.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Microarray Analysis in Children with Unexplained Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-009
Author(s):  
Pinar Arican ◽  
Berk Ozyilmaz ◽  
Dilek Cavusoglu ◽  
Pinar Gencpinar ◽  
Kadri Erdogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Pathogenic Cnvs ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractChromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis for discovery of copy number variants (CNVs) is now recommended as a first-line diagnostic tool in patients with unexplained developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) and autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we present the results of CMA analysis in patients with DD/ID. Of 210 patients, pathogenic CNVs were detected in 26 (12%) and variants of uncertain clinical significance in 36 (17%) children. The diagnosis of well-recognized genetic syndromes was achieved in 12 patients. CMA analysis revealed pathogenic de novo CNVs, such as 11p13 duplication with new clinical features. Our results support the utility of CMA as a routine diagnostic test for unexplained DD/ID.

A Novel 23.1 Mb Interstitial Deletion Involving 7q22.3q32.1 in a Girl with Short Stature, Motor Delay, and Craniofacial Dysmorphism

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Refugio Rivera-Vega ◽  
Luis A. Gómez-del Angel ◽  
Juan M. Valdes-Miranda ◽  
Adrián Pérez-Cabrera ◽  
Luz M. Gonzalez-Huerta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Craniofacial Dysmorphism ◽  
7Q Deletion ◽  
Omim Database

Interstitial deletions of 7q show a wide phenotypic spectrum that varies with respect to the location and size of the deleted region. They lead to craniofacial dysmorphism with intellectual disability, growth retardation, and various congenital defects. Here, a Mexican girl with microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, short stature, hand anomalies, and intellectual disability was analyzed by CytoScan HD array. Her phenotype was associated with a de novo 7q22.3q32.1 deletion involving 109 loci, 57 of them listed in the OMIM database. This novel deletion increases the knowledge of the variability in the rupture sites of the region and expands the spectrum of molecular and clinical defects of the 7q deletion syndrome.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of a complex small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 18p: an addition to the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Marchina ◽  
Michela Forti ◽  
Mariella Tonelli ◽  
Stefania Maccarini ◽  
Francesca Malvestiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Marker Chromosome ◽  
Uniparental Disomy ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Specific Syndrome ◽  
Trisomy 18P

Abstract Background Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are a heterogeneous group of structurally abnormal chromosomes, with an incidence of 0,044% in newborns that increases up to almost 7 times in developmentally retarded patients. sSMC from all 24 chromosome have been described, most of them originate from the group of the acrocentric, with around half deriving from the chromosome 15. Non-acrocentric sSMC are less common and, in the 30 percent of the cases, are associated with phenotypic effect. Complex sSMC consist of chromosomal material derived from more than one chromosome. Genotype–phenotype correlations in patients with sSMC are difficult to assess. Clinical features depend on factors such as its size, genetic content, the involvement of imprinted genes which may be influenced by uniparental disomy and the level of mosaicism. Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 18 (18p) is an infrequent finding and does not appear to be associated with a specific syndrome. However, mild intellectual disability with or without other anomalies is reported in almost one-third of the patients. Case presentation Here we present clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of de novo complex sSMC consisting of the entire short arm of chromosome 18p associated with a centromere of either chromosome 13 or 21, evidenced in a 5-year-old boy during diagnostic workup for moderate intellectual disability and dysmorphisms. To date, only seven cases of isolated trisomy 18p due to a sSMC have been reported, three of which have been characterized by array CGH. In two of them the breakpoints and the size of the duplication have been described. In the manuscript we also reviewed cases reported in the DECIPHER database carrying similar duplication and also considered smaller duplications within the region of interest, in order to evaluate the presence of critical regions implicated in the pathological phenotype. Conclusions Our case provides additional information about phenotypic effects of pure trisomy 18p, confirms chromosomal microarray analysis as gold standard to characterize complex sSMC, and supplies additional elements for genetic counselling.

scholarly journals A Recurrent De Novo Terminal Duplication of 14q32 in Korean Siblings Associated with Developmental Delay and Intellectual Disability, Growth Retardation, Facial Dysmorphism, and Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report and Literature Review

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Jiyoon Han ◽  
Joonhong Park
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Coverage Analysis

The terminal 14q32 duplication has been reported often in association with other cytogenetic abnormalities, and individuals with this specific duplication showed varying degrees of developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) and growth retardation (GR), and distinct facial dysmorphisms. Herein, based on the limited cases of terminal duplication of 14q32 known to date, we present new affected siblings presenting with DD/ID, GR, and facial dysmorphism, as well as cerebral infarction caused by recurrent de novo der(14)t(14;14)(p11.2;q32.1) leading to terminal duplication of 14q32. We used coverage analysis generated via duo exome sequencing, performed chromosomal microarray (CMA) as a confirmatory test, and compared our findings with those reported previously. Coverage analysis generated via duo exome sequencing revealed a 17.2 Mb heterozygous duplication at chromosome 14q32.11-q32.33 with a Z ratio ranging between 0.5 and 1 in the proband and her elder brother. As a complementary method, CMA established a terminal duplication described as the arr[hg19]14q32.11q32.33(90,043,558_107,258,824)x3 in the proband and her elder brother; however, the parents and other siblings showed normal karyotyping and no abnormal gain or loss of CMA results. Five candidate genes, BCL11B, CCNK, YY1, DYNC1H1, and PACS2, were associated with the clinical phenotypes in our cases. Although the parents had normal chromosomes, two affected cases carrying terminal duplication of 14q32 can be explained by gonadal mosaicism. Further studies are needed to establish the association between cerebrovascular events and terminal duplication of chromosome 14q32, including investigation into the cytogenetics of patients with precise clinical descriptions.

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