scholarly journals Water Permeability Characteristics of Normal Strength Concrete Made from Crushed Clay Bricks as Coarse Aggregate

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ishtiaq Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Permeability Characteristics ◽  
Clay Bricks

Water permeability characteristic of concrete made from crushed clay bricks as coarse aggregate is investigated and compared with concrete made from natural stone aggregate. For this, six different brick and five different natural stone samples were selected. Crushing strength of brick samples and water absorption of aggregate produced from them were also measured. Concrete samples of three different compressive strengths were prepared as per ACI mix design method from each of these aggregate samples. Compressive strength of concrete that could be achieved with brick aggregate varied between 19 and 28 MPa, whereas, for stone aggregate, compressive strength varied between 24 and 46 MPa. These samples were then tested for water permeability using the AT 315 machine as per EN 12390-8: “Depth of Penetration of Water under Pressure.” Experimental results and subsequent analysis indicate that water permeability of brick aggregate concrete is 225% to 550% higher than that of concrete made from natural stone aggregate of identical compressive strength. Water permeability was found to be directly related to compressive strength, water absorption, and porosity of hardened concrete. It was also observed that water permeability of concrete is influenced by water absorption of brick aggregate and crushing strength of brick.

The Effect of Steel Slag Coarse Aggregate on the Mechanical and Durability Performances of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Md. Jihad Miah ◽  
Mohammad Shamim Miah ◽  
Anisa Sultana ◽  
Taukir Ahmed Shamim ◽  
Md Ashraful Alom
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Burnt Clay ◽  
Good Agreement

This work performs experimental investigations on concrete made with difference replacement percentage of first-class burnt clay brick aggregate (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100%) by steel slag (SS) aggregate. The aim is to evaluate the mechanical properties as well as durability performances, additionally, water absorption porosity test is performed to investigate the influence of steel slag aggregate on the durability of tested concrete. The experimental results have shown that the compressive strength was improved significantly due to the replacement of brick aggregate by steel slag aggregate. The crushing strength of concrete made with 100% steel slag aggregate has gained up to 70% more than the control concrete (100% brick aggregate). However, the porosity of concrete was reduced with the adding percentage of brick aggregate by steel slag aggregate which is consistent with the compressive strength results. Further, a quite good agreement between compressive strength and porosity was observed as well.

scholarly journals STRENGTH, WATER ABSORPTION AND THERMAL COMFORT OF MORTAR BRICKS CONTAINING CRUSHED CERAMIC WASTE

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorli Ismail ◽  
Norhafizah Salleh ◽  
Noor Faezah Mohd Yusof ◽  
Zalipah Jamellodin ◽  
Mohd Faizal Mohd Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Masonry Units

This present study investigated the crushed ceramic waste utilisation as sand replacement in solid mortar bricks. The percentage of crushed ceramic waste used were 0% (CW0), 10% (CW10), 20% (CW20) and 30% (CW30) from the total weight of sand. The dimension prescribed of mortar bricks are 215 mm x 102.5 mm x 65 mm as followed accordance to MS 2281:2010 and BS EN 771-1:2011+A1:2015. Four (4) tests were conducted on mortar bricks namely crushing strength, water absorption, compressive strength of masonry units and thermal comfort. The incorporation of ceramic waste in all designated mortar bricks showed the increment of crushing strength between 23% and 46% at 28 days of curing and decrement water absorption between 34% and 44% was recorded corresponding to control mortar bricks. The prism test of masonry units consists of mortar bricks containing ceramic waste indicated the high increment of compressive strength at about 200% as compared to mortar brick without ceramic waste. The thermal comfort test of ceramic mortar bricks were also showed the good insulation with low interior temperature. Therefore, the ceramic waste can be utilised as a material replacement to fine aggregate in mortar brick productions due to significant outcomes performed. 

scholarly journals Effect of Water Cement Ratios on Compressive Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O Adeyemi ◽  
M.A Anifowose ◽  
I.O Amototo ◽  
S.A Adebara ◽  
M.Y Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

This study examined the effect of varying water cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete produced using palm kernel shell (PKS) as coarse aggregate at different replacement levels. The replacement levels of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shells (PKS) were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% respectively. PKS concrete cubes (144 specimens) of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with water-cement ratio of 0.45, 0.5, and 0.6 respectively while the batching was done by weight. Slump test was conducted on fresh concrete while compressive strength test was carried out on the hardened concrete cubes using a compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity. The result of tests on fresh concrete shows that the slump height of 0.45 water cement ratio (w/c) increases with an increase in PKS%. This trend was similar to 0.50 and 0.60 w/c. However, the compressive strength of concrete cube decreases with an increase in w/c (from 0.45 to 0.60) but increases with respect to curing age and also decreases with increase in PKS%. Concrete with 0.45 water-cement ratio possess the highest compressive strength. It was observed that PKS is not a good substitute for coarse aggregate in mix ratio 1:2:4 for concrete productions. Hence, the study suggest the use of chemical admixture such as superplasticizer or calcium chloride in order to improve the strength of palm kernel shells-concrete.

scholarly journals Study on High Energy Propellant Waste in the Processing of Fired Clay Bricks

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
P.K. Mehta ◽  
A. Kumaraswamy ◽  
V. K. Saraswat ◽  
Praveen Kumar B.
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Pore Formation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Baking Process ◽  
Fired Bricks ◽  
Xrd Studies

Utilisation of propellant waste in fabrication of bricks is not only used as efficient waste disposal method but also to get better functional properties. In the present study, high energy propellant (HEP) waste additive mixed with soil and fly ash in different proportions during manufacturing of bricks has been investigated experimentally. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to confirm the brick formation and the effect of HEP waste. Ceramic bricks were fabricated with HEP waste additive in proper proportions i.e. 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %, 3 wt %, 3.5 wt %, and 4 wt % and then evaluated for water absorption capability and compressive strength. Compressive strength of 6.7 N/mm2, and Water absorption of 22 % have been observed from modified fired bricks impregnated with HEM waste additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to analyze the effect of HEP waste additive on pore formation and distribution in the bricks. Further, the heat resulting from decomposition of propellants can cause a decrease in the energy required of baking process. The process of manufacturing of bricks with HEP waste additive is first of its kind till date.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Clay Bricks Fabricated with a Powdered Marble Dust Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Sutas Janbuala ◽  
Mana Eambua ◽  
Arpapan Satayavibul ◽  
Watcharakhon Nethan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Apparent Porosity ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Marble Dust

The objective of this study was to recycle powdered marble dust to improve mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of lightweight clay bricks. Varying amounts of powdered marble dust (10, 20, 30, and 40 vol.%) were added to a lightweight clay brick at the firing temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. When higher quantities of powdered marble dust were added, the values of porosity and water absorption increased while those of thermal conductivity and bulk density decreased. The decrease in apparent porosity and water absorption were also affected by the increase in firing temperature. The most desirable properties of the clay bricks were obtained for the powdered marble dust content of 40 vol.% and firing temperature 900 °C: bulk density of 1.20 g/cm3, compressive strength 9.2 MPa, thermal conductivity 0.32 W/m.K, and water absorption 22.5%.

scholarly journals Utilization Iron Filings and Microwave Heating in Roughening the Surface of Smoothed Coarse Aggregates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Laith Mohammed Ridha Mahmmod Wajde ◽  
S. S. Alyhya Zainab ◽  
M. R. Abdul Rasoul ◽  
Abdulrasool T. Abdulrasool ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Water Curing ◽  
Adhesion Process

Properties of coarse aggregate such as texture have a significant influence on the performance of fresh and hardened concrete. A smooth surface can enhance workability, yet a rougher one offers a stronger bond between aggregate and paste, resulting in higher strength. This research aims to roughen the texture of white smoothed aggregate by using cement-iron filings mortar with the aid of microwave maturation to accelerate the adhesion process of mortar-aggregate surface. The mortar was prepared by mixing an equal weight of cement and iron filings, of a particular size, with sand. Four different periods (2, 4, 6 and 8 mints.)  of microwave treatment in addition to water curing were considered plus one reference mortar which cured in only air for 24 hrs. The treated aggregate was then used for casting concrete specimens with a w/c ratio of 0.5 in which their properties being determined by means of density, compressive and tensile strengths observations. The main findings revealed that the concrete specimens contained microwave treated aggregate attained higher compressive strength compared with those treated in the air. Data also showed that concrete specimens with microwave treated aggregate possess better tensile properties as a consequence of the improvement in the transition zone.   

scholarly journals Use of Recycled Tyre Rubber in Non-structural Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Waris ◽  
Hussain Najwani ◽  
Khalifa Al-Jabri ◽  
Abdullah Al-Saidy
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Concrete Blocks

To manage tyre waste and conserve natural aggregate resource, this research investigates the use of waste tyre rubber as partial replacement of fine aggregates in non-structural concrete. The research used Taguchi method to study the influence of mix proportion, water-to-cement ratio and tyre rubber replacement percentage on concrete. Nine mixes were prepared with mix proportion of 1:2:4, 1:5:4 and 1:2.5:3; water-to-cement ratio of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.40 and rubber to fine aggregate replacement of 20%, 30% and 40%. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were carried out on 100 mm cubes. Compressive strength was directly proportional to the amount of coarse aggregate in the mix. Water-to-cement ratio increased the strength within the range used in the study. Strength was found to be more sensitive to the overall rubber content than the replacement ratio. Seven out of the nine mixes satisfied the minimum strength requirement for concrete blocks set by ASTM. Water absorption and density for all mixes satisfied the limits applicable for concrete blocks. The study indicates that mix proportions with fine to coarse aggregate ratio of less than 1.0 and w/c ratio around 0.40 can be used with tyre rubber replacements of up to 30 % to satisfy requirements for non-structural concrete.

scholarly journals Effects of HDPE Plastic Waste Aggregate on the Properties of Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Shakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymer Wastes

Abstract: Polymer waste volumes have surged in recent years as a result of growing industrialization and fast improvements in living standards. In Malaysia, the majority of polymer waste is discarded rather than recycled. This circumstance results in major issues such as waste of natural resources and pollution of the environment. Polymer products, such as synthetic fibres, plastics, and rubber, are petrochemical compounds that disintegrate slowly in nature. Even after a long amount of time, plastic materials are not easily biodegradable. In reality, a wide range of waste materials can be used as a cement matrix inert. For the manufacture of the polymer concrete, trash bag plastics were employed as polymer wastes HDPE in this study (PC). The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics and characterisation of polymer HDPE as a coarse aggregate replacement in concrete. Temperatures of 160°C, 170°C, 180°C, 190°C, and 200°C were used in the heating procedure. By volumetric approach, five compositions of coarse aggregate with varied crushed stone: HDPE waste ratios of 0:100, 15:85, 30:70, 45:55, and 60:40 were utilised. The use of polymerwaste as coarse aggregate in traditional concrete was examined. With fresh and hardened concrete tests, the effects of polymer wastes on the workability and strength of the concrete were investigated. After 28 days, the compressive strength of the PCwas determined to be suitable for nonstructural use. The findings of the cost research revealed that the PC is more cost effective than traditional concrete. Keywords: Polymer Wastes HDPE; Coarse Aggregate; Compressive Strength; Properties

scholarly journals Assessing the Correlation between Brick Properties and Firing Hours of Locally Produced Clay-burnt Bricks in Taraba State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
E. J Bassah ◽  
W. K. Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The use of burnt-clay bricks is increasing in rural areas because of its availability and low cost. However, the burning of bricks locally at unknown temperatures will likely result in the production of bricks that are unfit for construction purposes. The study assesses the minimum number of days bricks require to attain the minimum stipulated standards for compressive strength and water absorption. The results obtained were compared to the NIS 87: 2000 standards to assess their conformity. From the study results, the mean compressive strength of bricks (1.576 N/mm², 2.306 N/mm², 3.634 N/mm²) at 48, 72 and 96 hours of firing fails to attain the target value of 5N/mm² as stipulated by the NIS building code. However, the mean compressive strength after 120 hours (5.386 N/mm²) attains the stipulated unit value. The water absorption rate displayed similar findings with mean values of 37.12%, 34.2%, 28.88% failing to conform with the stipulated 20% standards. However, the mean of water absorption after 120 hours (21.02%) has no significant difference and hence conforms to the stipulated value. This therefore means that bricks should be burnt far beyond the 120 hours in order to safely conform to 5N/mm² and 20% compressive strength and water absorption respectively.

scholarly journals Waste Management Technique Applied in the Preparation of Bio Concrete Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9226-9230
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Due to Modernization and urbanization constructing industries are fast growing also it leading to high demand of constructing materials because of expensive prices, and for the construction industry, usage of steel is currently limited heavily Many studies have been carried out to identify highly available, low cost innovative material to use in construction industry as a solution to meet the ever increasing demand for raw material. Bamboo was used as a construction material as a coarse aggregate, steel reinforcement. Bamboo has a higher compressive strength than wood, brick, or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel. water absorption in bamboo was the main problem used for construction .because The durability of the concrete is largely affected by absorption of water. Also poly ethylene bags are widely used in the country and its disposal after use causes more problems ,Mismanaged waste of polyethylene bags is the current threatening to the environment this waste is largely availbe its abundant high resistance to insects, fungi, animals, as well as molds, mildew, rot and many chemicals. In this study cubic bamboo was used as a coarse aggregate and it was coated with the waste LDPE bag melt ,as one of the coating material and other one is neem oil.and it was investigated to find the water absorption and turbidity, antifungal activity and compressive strength some other parameters in bamboo material with coatings it was observed that compared to untreated bamboo the polyethylenene coated bamboo material shows reduction in water absorption level and turbity.

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