scholarly journals A Novel Three-Dimensional Vector Analysis of Axial Globe Position in Thyroid Eye Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Jiang Qian ◽  
Yifei Yuan ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Wenhu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thyroid Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Ct Measurement ◽  
Geometrical Equation ◽  
Corneal Apex

Purpose. To define a three-dimensional (3D) vector method to describe the axial globe position in thyroid eye disease (TED).Methods. CT data from 59 patients with TED were collected and 3D images were reconstructed. A reference coordinate system was established, and the coordinates of the corneal apex and the eyeball center were calculated to obtain the globe vectorEC→. The measurement reliability was evaluated. The parameters ofEC→were analyzed and compared with the results of two-dimensional (2D) CT measurement, Hertel exophthalmometry, and strabismus tests.Results. The reliability ofEC→measurement was excellent. The difference betweenEC→and 2D CT measurement was significant (p=0.003), andEC→was more consistent with Hertel exophthalmometry than with 2D CT measurement (p<0.001). There was no significant difference betweenEC→and Hirschberg test, and a strong correlation was found betweenEC→and synoptophore test. When one eye had a larger deviation angle than its fellow, its corneal apex shifted in the corresponding direction, but the shift of the eyeball center was not significant. The parameters ofEC→were almost perfectly consistent with the geometrical equation.Conclusions. The establishment of a 3D globe vector is feasible and reliable, and it could provide more information in the axial globe position.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Using Mirror Imaged Topography in Fellow Eyes Analyses of Pentacam HR Data

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2132
Author(s):  
Arwa Fathy ◽  
Bernardo T. Lopes ◽  
Renato Ambrósio ◽  
Richard Wu ◽  
Ahmed Abass
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Corneal Apex ◽  
Tomography Data ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of flipping left corneas topography and analysethem quantitively along with fellow right corneas based on the assumption that they are mirror images of each other. Methods: The study involved scanning both eyes of 177 healthy participants (aged 35.3 ± 15.8) and 75 keratoconic participants (aged 33.9 ± 17.8). Clinical tomography data were collected for both eyes using the Pentacam HR and processed by a fully automated custom-built MATLAB code. For every case, the right eye was used as a datum fixed surface while the left cornea was flipped around in the superior–inferior direction. In this position, the root-mean-squared difference (RMS) between the flipped left cornea and the right cornea was initially determined for both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Next, the iterative closest point transformation algorithm was applied on the three-dimensional flipped cornea to allow the flipped left corneal anterior surface to translate and rotate, minimising the difference between it and the right corneal anterior surface. Then, the RMS differences were recalculated and compared. Results: A comparison of the dioptric powers showed a significant difference between the RMS of both the flipped left eyes and the right eyes in the healthy and the KC groups (p < 0.001). The RMS of the surfaces of the flipped left corneas and the right corneas was 0.6 ± 0.4 D among the healthy group and 4.1 ± 2.3 among the KC group. After transforming the flipped left corneas, the RMS was recorded as 0.5 ± 0.3 D and 2.4 ± 2 D among the healthy and KC groups, respectively. Conclusions: Although fellow eyes are highly related in their clinical parameters, they should be treated with care when one eye topography is flipped and processed with the other eye topography in an optic-related research analysis where translation might be needed. In KC, an asymmetric disease, it was observed that a portion of the asymmetry was due to a corneal apex shift interfering with the image acquisition. Therefore, transforming the flipped left eyes by rotation and translation results in a fairer comparison between the fellow KC corneas.

scholarly journals Correlation between uniocular deviation and duction changes following different decompression surgeries in thyroid eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Ruiqi Ma ◽  
Jiang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Thyroid Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Inferior Wall ◽  
Orbital Decompression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ocular Deviation

Abstract Background Postoperative ocular imbalance is an important problem for orbital decompression surgery in thyroid eye disease (TED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in unilateral ocular deviation and duction following orbital decompression and discuss the biomechanics of ocular imbalance. Methods Fifty-four TED patients who underwent unilateral orbital decompression were included. Fifteen patients underwent 1-wall (deep lateral wall) decompression, 18 patients underwent 2-wall (deep lateral and medial wall) decompression and 21 patients underwent 3-wall (deep lateral, medial and inferior wall) decompression. Objective and subjective deviation of the operated eyes were evaluated using the prism test and synoptophore, respectively. Ocular ductions were measured using Hirschberg’s method. The diameters of the extraocular rectus were measured by computed tomography. Results Ocular deviation and duction showed no significant difference after 1-wall decompression (p = 0.25–0.89). Esotropia increased after 2-wall decompression (p = 0.001–0.02), and hypotropia increased after 3-wall decompression (p = 0.02). Adduction increased but abduction decreased following 2-wall and 3-wall decompression (p < 0.05). Infraduction increased following 3-wall decompression (p < 0.001). Additionally, the increase in esotropia was significantly correlated with the increase in adduction and with the decrease in abduction (r = 0.37–0.63, p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between the diameter of the medial rectus and the increase in esotropia, the increase in adduction and the decrease in abduction postoperatively (r = 0.35–0.48, p < 0.05). Conclusions The changes in ocular deviation and duction were different after 1-wall, 2-wall and 3-wall orbital decompression. The increased contractile force of the rectus may be an important reason for strabismus changes after orbital decompression surgery.

A volumetric three-dimensional evaluation of invasiveness of an endoscopic and microscopic approach for transmeatal visualisation of the middle ear

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A H A Baazil ◽  
J G G Dobbe ◽  
E van Spronsen ◽  
F A Ebbens ◽  
F G Dikkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
Microscopic Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the necessary scutum defect for transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks between an endoscopic and microscopic approach. Method Human cadaveric heads were used. In group 1, middle-ear landmarks were visualised by endoscope (group 1 endoscopic approach) and subsequently by microscope (group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy). In group 2, landmarks were visualised solely microscopically (group 2 microscopic approach). The amount of resected bone was evaluated via computed tomography scans. Results In the group 1 endoscopic approach, a median of 6.84 mm3 bone was resected. No statistically significant difference (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.163, U = 49.000) was found between the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy (median 17.84 mm3) and the group 2 microscopic approach (median 20.08 mm3), so these were combined. The difference between the group 1 endoscopic approach and the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy plus group 2 microscopic approach (median 18.16 mm3) was statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001, U = 18.000). Conclusion This study showed that endoscopic transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks preserves more of the bony scutum than a microscopic transmeatal approach.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Uniocular Deviation and Duction Changes Following Different Decompression Surgeries in Thyroid Eye Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Ruiqi Ma ◽  
Jiang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Thyroid Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Inferior Wall ◽  
Orbital Decompression ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ocular Deviation ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Abstract Background: Postoperative ocular imbalance is an important problem for orbital decompression surgery in thyroid eye disease (TED). To evaluate the changes of unilateral ocular deviation and duction following orbital decompression and discuss the possible biomechanics of ocular imbalance.Methods: Fifty-four TED patients who underwent unilateral orbital decompression were included. 15 patients underwent 1-wall (deep lateral wall) decompression, 18 patients underwent 2-wall (deep lateral and medial wall) decompression and 21 patients underwent 3-wall (deep lateral, medial and inferior wall) decompression. Objective and subjective deviation of the operated eyes compared with the fellow eyes were evaluated using prism test and synoptophore, respectively. Ocular ductions were measured using Hirschberg’s method. The diameters of extraocular rectus were measured by computed tomography.Results: Ocular deviation and duction showed no significant difference after 1-wall decompression (p=0.25~0.89). Esotropia increased after 2-wall decompression (p=0.001~0.02). Hypotropia increased after 3-wall decompression (p=0.02). Adduction increased but abduction decreased following 2-wall and 3-wall decompression (p<0.05). Infraduction increased following 3-wall decompression (p<0.001). Additionally, the increase of esotropia had significant correlations with the increase of adduction and with the decrease of abduction (r=0.37~0.63, p<0.05). There were significant correlations between the diameter of medial rectus and the increase of esotropia, the increase of adduction and the decrease of abduction postoperatively (r=0.35~0.48, p<0.05).Conclusions: The changes in ocular deviation and duction were different after 1-wall, 2-wall and 3-wall orbital decompression. The expansion of orbital cavity and the increased contractile force of rectus might be important reasons for strabismus changes following decompression surgery.

scholarly journals A comparison of animated versus static images in an instructional multimedia presentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Daly ◽  
J. M. Bulloch ◽  
M. Ma ◽  
D. Aidulis
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multimedia Presentation ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Essay Question ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Video Compositing

Sophisticated three-dimensional animation and video compositing software enables the creation of complex multimedia instructional movies. However, if the design of such presentations does not take account of cognitive load and multimedia theories, then their effectiveness as learning aids will be compromised. We investigated the use of animated images versus still images by creating two versions of a 4-min multimedia presentation on vascular neuroeffector transmission. One version comprised narration and animations, whereas the other animation comprised narration and still images. Fifty-four undergraduate students from level 3 pharmacology and physiology undergraduate degrees participated. Half of the students watched the full animation, and the other half watched the stills only. Students watched the presentation once and then answered a short essay question. Answers were coded and marked blind. The “animation” group scored 3.7 (SE: 0.4; out of 11), whereas the “stills” group scored 3.2 (SE: 0.5). The difference was not statistically significant. Further analysis of bonus marks, awarded for appropriate terminology use, detected a significant difference in one class (pharmacology) who scored 0.6 (SE: 0.2) versus 0.1 (SE: 0.1) for the animation versus stills group, respectively ( P = 0.04). However, when combined with the physiology group, the significance disappeared. Feedback from students was extremely positive and identified four main themes of interest. In conclusion, while increasing student satisfaction, we do not find strong evidence in favor of animated images over still images in this particular format. We also discuss the study design and offer suggestions for further investigations of this type.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Measurement of Inferior Turbinate in Asymptomatic Adult

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad El-Anwar ◽  
Atef Hamed ◽  
Ghada Abdulmonaem ◽  
Ismail Elnashar ◽  
Inas Elfiki
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Asymptomatic Adult ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ct Measurement

Introduction The inferior turbinate (IT) is the most susceptible turbinate to enlargement causing nasal obstruction. The common belief ascribes most of the enlargement of the IT to mucosal elements. Objective This study aimed to investigate the detailed computed tomography (CT) measurement of the IT in asymptomatic adult by determining the thickness of both the non-bony (mucosa) and bony parts and their relation to nasal air space in different related areas of the nose. Methods We included in the study paranasal CT scans of 108 individuals (216 IT) that had no paranasal pathology. We acquired axial images with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes for all subjects. We took separate measurements of the thickness of the medial mucosa, bones, and lateral mucosa of the IT on the anterior and posterior portions of ITs. We also measured the air space of the nasal cavity between the septum and IT anteriorly and posteriorly. Results The difference in the air space between nasal septum, anterior and posterior ends of IT was extremely statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The thickness of the medial mucosa was extremely significantly more than the lateral mucosa width (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in length of IT at both sides (p = 0.5781). Conclusion The detailed CT measurement of the IT in normal adult is an easy and novel measurement. This study lays the foundation for CT measurement of IT for further work that can describe changes in IT measures after turbinate surgery.

scholarly journals Neosuture formation after endoscope-assisted craniosynostosis repair

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Salehi ◽  
Katherine Ott ◽  
Gary B. Skolnick ◽  
Dennis C. Nguyen ◽  
Sybill D. Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Sagittal Synostosis ◽  
Helmet Therapy ◽  
Age At Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Strip Craniectomy

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to identify the rate of neosuture formation in patients with craniosynostosis treated with endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy and investigate whether neosuture formation in sagittal craniosynostosis has an effect on postoperative calvarial shape. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed 166 cases of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis that underwent endoscope-assisted repair between 2006 and 2014. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative head CT scans were evaluated, and the rate of neosuture formation was calculated. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the CT data were used to measure cephalic index (CI) (ratio of head width and length) of patients with sagittal synostosis. Regression analysis was used to calculate significant differences between patients with and without neosuture accounting for age at surgery and preoperative CI. RESULTS Review of 96 patients revealed that some degree of neosuture development occurred in 23 patients (23.9%): 16 sagittal, 2 bilateral coronal, 4 unilateral coronal, and 1 lambdoid synostosis. Complete neosuture formation was seen in 14 of those 23 patients (9 of 16 sagittal, 1 of 2 bilateral coronal, 3 of 4 unilateral coronal, and 1 of 1 lambdoid). Mean pre- and postoperative CI in the complete sagittal neosuture group was 67.4% and 75.5%, respectively, and in the non-neosuture group was 69.8% and 74.4%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the CI between the neosuture and fused suture groups preoperatively or 17 months postoperatively in patients with sagittal synostosis. CONCLUSIONS Neosuture development can occur after endoscope-assisted strip craniectomy and molding helmet therapy for patients with craniosynostosis. Although the authors did not detect a significant difference in calvarial shape postoperatively in the group with sagittal synostosis, the relevance of neosuture formation remains to be determined. Further studies are required to discover long-term outcomes comparing patients with and without neosuture formation.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Coronary Arteries and Its Application in Localization of Coronary Artery Segments Corresponding to Myocardial Segments Identified by Transthoracic Echocardiography

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Zhong ◽  
Yanli Guo ◽  
Haiyun Huang ◽  
Liwen Tan ◽  
Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiography ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
2D Ultrasound ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Contrast Ct

Objectives.To establish 3D models of coronary arteries (CA) and study their application in localization of CA segments identified by Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE).Methods.Sectional images of the heart collected from the first CVH dataset and contrast CT data were used to establish 3D models of the CA. Virtual dissection was performed on the 3D models to simulate the conventional sections of TTE. Then, we used 2D ultrasound, speckle tracking imaging (STI), and 2D ultrasound plus 3D CA models to diagnose 170 patients and compare the results to coronary angiography (CAG).Results.3D models of CA distinctly displayed both 3D structure and 2D sections of CA. This simulated TTE imaging in any plane and showed the CA segments that corresponded to 17 myocardial segments identified by TTE. The localization accuracy showed a significant difference between 2D ultrasound and 2D ultrasound plus 3D CA model in the severe stenosis group (P<0.05) and in the mild-to-moderate stenosis group (P<0.05).Conclusions.These innovative modeling techniques help clinicians identify the CA segments that correspond to myocardial segments typically shown in TTE sectional images, thereby increasing the accuracy of the TTE-based diagnosis of CHD.

Pointing the Foot Without Sickling: An Examination of Ankle Movement During Jumping

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N Jarvis ◽  
Kornelia Kulig
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Vector Coding ◽  
Dance Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ankle Movement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coordination Patterns

The sauté is a relatively simple dance jump that can be performed by both highly skilled dancers and non-dancers. However, there are characteristics of jumping unique to trained dancers, especially in terms of foot and ankle movement during flight. Dancers are trained not to “sickle,” or to avoid the anatomically coupled ankle inversion that occurs with plantar flexion, maintaining the appearance of a straight line through the lower leg and foot. The purpose of this study was to examine ankle movements in elite dancers compared to non-dancers. Twenty healthy females, 10 with no prior dance training and 10 professional dancers, performed 20 consecutive sautés while three-dimensional kinematic data were collected. Sagittal and frontal plane kinematics were calculated and vector coding methods were used to quantify coordination patterns within the ankle in the sagittal and frontal planes. This pattern was chosen for analysis to identify the avoidance of a sickled foot by trained dancers. Peak ankle positions and coordination patterns between groups were examined using independent t-tests (a<0.05). Dancers demonstrated greater peak plantar flexion (p<0.01) and less change in ankle angle during the flight phase (p=0.01), signifying holding the pointed foot position during flight. There was no statistically significant difference in sagittal and frontal plane ankle coupling (p=0.15); however, the Cohen’s d effect size for the difference in coupling was medium-to-large (0.73). Dynamic analysis of the foot and ankle during jumping demonstrates how elite dancers achieve the aesthetic requirements of dance technique.

Comparison between the Palatal Configurations in Complete and Incomplete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Infants under 18 Months of Age

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuaki Mishima ◽  
Yoshihide Mori ◽  
Toshio Sugahara ◽  
Masayoshi Sakuda
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Posterior Arch ◽  
Orthopedic Treatment ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Arch Forms

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the three-dimensional characteristics of the palatal configurations in incomplete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and to determine whether there are differences in the effect of early orthopedic treatment between complete and incomplete UCLP patients. Design Eight infants with incomplete UCLP and 12 infants with complete UCLP, selected at random, wore Hotz plates, and 8 other infants with complete UCLP did not. Palatal impressions were taken of these patients immediately after birth and at 1, 2, 3, 4 (just before cheiloplasty), 6, and 18 months of age (just before palatoplasty). Using our measuring system, the palatal casts were measured and compared three-dimensionally. Results and Conclusions The palate of the incomplete UCLP patients measured immediately after birth, compared with complete UCLP, showed: (1) smaller posterior arch width; (2) sagittal arch length did not differ; (3) incisal point was located more mesially; (4) the gap between the alveolar arch forms of the major and minor segments was smaller; and (5) the curvature of the palatal surface forward the nasal cavity in the minor segment was less. At 18 months of age, the following characteristics could be observed: (1) the difference observed at birth in the posterior arch width between the incomplete and complete UCLP infants vanished; (2) a significant difference in the location of the incisal point was observed only between the incomplete UCLP infants and the complete UCLP infants with a Hotz plate; and (3) the curvature was less in the incomplete UCLP infants than in the complete UCLP infants. Furthermore, the morphological change of the palatal surface was less in the incomplete UCLP infants than in the complete UCLP infants. This suggested that any influence of the Hotz appliance might be less in incomplete UCLP than in complete UCLP.

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