scholarly journals Time Evolution of Sublingual Microcirculatory Changes in Recreational Marathon Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Pranskunas ◽  
Justina Arstikyte ◽  
Zivile Pranskuniene ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene ◽  
Inga Kiudulaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Density ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sublingual Microcirculation ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Hemodynamic Measurements

We aimed to evaluate changes in sublingual microcirculation induced by a marathon race. Thirteen healthy male controls and 13 male marathon runners volunteered for the study. We performed sublingual microcirculation, using a Cytocam-IDF device (Braedius Medical, Huizen, Netherlands), and systemic hemodynamic measurements four times: 24 hours prior to their participation in the Kaunas Marathon (distance: 41.2 km), directly after finishing the marathon, 24 hours after the marathon, and one week after the marathon. The marathon runners exhibited a higher functional capillary density (FCD) and total vascular density of small vessels at the first visit compared with the controls. Overall, we did not find any changes in sublingual microcirculation of the marathon runners at any of the other visits. However, in a subgroup of marathon runners with a decreased FCD compared to the subgroup with increased FCD, the subgroup with decreased FCD had shorter running time (190.37±30.2versus221.80±23.4 min,p=0.045), ingested less fluids (907±615versus1950±488 mL,p=0.007) during the race, and lost much more weight (-2.4±1.3versus-1.0±0.8 kg,p=0.041). Recreational marathon running is not associated with an alteration of sublingual microcirculation. However, faster running and dehydration may be crucial for further impairing microcirculation.

scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Performance during a Marathon Race in Middle-Aged Recreational Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique L. Billat ◽  
Hélène Petot ◽  
Morgan Landrain ◽  
Renaud Meilland ◽  
Jean Pierre Koralsztein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Marathon Performance

Purpose. Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost).Methods. We measured the SV, heart rate (HR), CO, and running speed of 14 recreational runners in an incremental, maximal laboratory test and then during a real marathon race (mean performance: 3 hr 30 min±45 min).Results. Our data revealed that HR, SV and CO were all in a high but submaximal steady state during the marathon (87.0±1.6%, 77.2±2.6%, and 68.7±2.8% of maximal values, respectively). Marathon performance was inversely correlated with an upward drift in the CO/speed ratio (mL ofCO×m−1) (r=−0.65,P<0.01) and positively correlated with the runner’s ability to complete the race at a high percentage of the speed at maximal SV (r=0.83,P<0.0002).Conclusion. Our results showed that marathon performance is inversely correlated with cardiac cost and positively correlated with cardiac endurance. The CO response could be a benchmark for race performance in recreational marathon runners.

Arterial Function after a 246 km Ultra-marathon Running Race

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Koutlianos ◽  
Panagiota Sotiriou ◽  
Georgios Christou ◽  
Efstathios Pagourelias ◽  
Maria Anifanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Media Thickness

AbstractThere is little research about the effects of ultra-endurance exercise on arterial morphological and functional properties. The aim was to assess the acute changes of the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid doppler-derived parameters following an ultra-marathon race as well as the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in ultra-marathon runners. Twenty athletes were examined at baseline and within 10 mins after a 246 km running race. Measurements included carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities of carotid artery blood flow, pulsatility and resistivity indices and blood biochemical parameters. The intima-media thickness of the right and left carotid artery was measured before the race. Arterial stiffness and carotid artery intima media thickness at rest remained within known normal limits. The ultra-marathon race significantly increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity by 22.6% and pulsatility index by 10.2%. There was a decrease in body weight by 3.35% and an increase of all biochemical markers of muscle damage after the race. Additionally, C-reactive protein was correlated with both pulsatility and resistivity indices post-race. This study shows that immediately after a 246 km ultra-marathon running race, acute increase of arterial stiffness and vascular resistance were evident. The carotid artery thickness of ultra-marathon runners was within normal range.

scholarly journals Intestinal and sublingual microcirculation are more severely compromised in hemodilution than in hemorrhage

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Ferrara ◽  
Vanina Siham Kanoore Edul ◽  
Enrique Martins ◽  
Héctor Saúl Canales ◽  
Carlos Canullán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Sublingual Microcirculation ◽  
Intestinal Microcirculation ◽  
Fast Red ◽  
Last Stage

The alterations in O2 extraction in hemodilution have been linked to fast red blood cell (RBC) velocity, which might affect the complete release of O2 from Hb. Fast RBC velocity might also explain the normal mucosal-arterial Pco2 (ΔPco2). Yet sublingual and intestinal microcirculation have not been completely characterized in extreme hemodilution. Our hypothesis was that the unchanged ΔPco2 in hemodilution depends on the preservation of villi microcirculation. For this purpose, pentobarbital-anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep were submitted to stepwise hemodilution ( n = 8), hemorrhage ( n = 8), or no intervention (sham, n = 8). In both hypoxic groups, equivalent reductions in O2 consumption (V̇o2) were targeted. Microcirculation was assessed by videomicroscopy, intestinal ΔPco2 by air tonometry, and V̇o2 by expired gases analysis. Although cardiac output and superior mesenteric flow increased in hemodilution, from the very first step (Hb = 5.0 g/dl), villi functional vascular density and RBC velocity decreased (21.7 ± 0.9 vs. 15.9 ± 1.0 mm/mm2 and 1,033 ± 75 vs. 850 ± 79 μm/s, P < 0.01). In the last stage (Hb = 1.2 g/dl), these variables were lower in hemodiution than in hemorrhage (11.1 ± 0.5 vs. 15.4 ± 0.9 mm/mm2 and 544 ± 26 vs. 686 ± 70 μm/s, P < 0.01), and were associated with lower intestinal fractional O2 extraction (0.61 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.02, P < 0.01) but preserved ΔPco2 (5 ± 2 vs. 25 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.01). Therefore, alterations in O2 extraction in hemodilution seemed related to microvascular shunting, not to fast RBC velocity. The severe microvascular abnormalities suggest that normal ΔPco2 was not dependent on CO2 washout by the villi microcirculation. Increased perfusion in deeper intestinal layers might be an alternative explanation.

Cardiac Biomarkers Following Marathon Running: Is Running Time a Factor for Biomarker Change?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Natthapon Traiperm ◽  
Rungchai Chaunchaiyakul ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Hannes Gatterer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Cardiac Troponin T ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Marathon Race

Purpose: Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin T levels show a transient increase after marathon running. The aim of this study was to investigate whether running duration influences the patterns of changes in cardiac biomarkers. Methods: Twenty participants with fast and slow finishing times were included in the study. Blood samples were taken before the marathon race, immediately after, and 24 hours after the race. Samples were analyzed for NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T concentration. Furthermore, a complete blood cell count was performed. Results: After the marathon race, the fast and slow runners showed similar changes of NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T (ie, a transient increase). Curve estimation regression analysis showed a curvilinear relationship (quadratic model) between running times and NT-proBNP increments immediately after the race, with less of an increase in the very fast and the very slow runners (r2 = .359, P = .023). NT-proBNP increments immediately after the race were correlated to the decline 24 hours after the marathon (r = −.612, P = .004). Conclusions: This study indicates that NT-proBNP release immediately after marathon running varies in a curvilinear fashion with running time. It is speculated that low NT-proBNP release is associated with training adaptation in most elite runners and the relatively low cardiac stress in the slowest (but experienced) runners. The combination of less adaptation and relatively large cardiac wall and metabolic stress may explain the highest NT-proBNP values in runners with average running times. In addition, NT-proBNP decrements 24 hours after the race depend primarily on the values reached after the marathon and not on running time.

scholarly journals Marathon Map and its Utilization in City Tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Cheng Ye ◽  
Shuran Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Marathon running has become an obsession in China, with 22 marathon races in 2011 increasing to 400 in 2017. Based on the Marathon annual report in 2017, marathon races will increase to above 1900 in 2020. More and more Chinese are traveling around the country to participate marathon races, which brings tremendous opportunities for the host cities, specifically for city tourism. A well-designed marathon map can not only help runners to learn detailed information for the races, but also help the tourists to learn natural and historical spots in the city. However, marathon maps and their designs are not examined in respect to cartography.</p><p>This study focused on full marathon race maps, collected 200 maps officially published by marathon organizers, inventoried the race information included in the maps, explored how many of these maps showing natural and historical scenic spots along the race, and analyzed common design elements of the maps using Quantitative Content Analysis (QCA), see table1. The goal of this study was to determine if the maps featured only the races or if they provided additional information to encourage tourist activities. A well designed marathon map can help both to the implementation of a race and to the creation of a sense of city.</p>

Marathon performance, anaerobic threshold, and onset of blood lactate accumulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Marathon Performance

The study tested the hypothesis that running velocity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (VAT) would more accurately approximate the actually measured marathon race velocity (VM) than would running velocity corresponding to the so-called onset of blood lactate (4 mM) accumulation (VOBLA). The VAT (4.57 m X s-1) well approximated the VM (4.49 m X s-1), whereas the VOBLA (5.30 m X s-1) differed significantly from the VM. In addition, the VAT (r = 0.781) correlated with VM to a greater extent than did the VOBLA (r = 0.682). When the VAT (X1) was combined with delta % maximum O2 consumption (VO2max) (%VO2max at the OBLA minus %VO2max at the AT; X2) and VO2max (ml X min-1 x kg-1; X3), variation in the VM accounted for increased profoundly from 61 to 88%. Thus one of the useful equations formulated with high predictive accuracy was VM (m X s-1) = 1.312X1 + 0.0346X2 – 0.00993X3 – 1.272. Our study demonstrates that the anaerobic threshold (AT) is more closely associated with marathon running performance and that the degree of the association is raised when delta %VO2max and/or VO2max are combined as additional information.

scholarly journals Post-exertional increase in first-phase ejection fraction in recreational marathon runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204800402092636
Author(s):  
Luca Faconti ◽  
Iain Parsons ◽  
Bushra Farukh ◽  
Ryan McNally ◽  
Lorenzo Nesti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Aortic Blood Flow ◽  
Marathon Runners

Objectives Running a marathon has been equivocally associated with acute changes in cardiac performance. First-phase ejection fraction is a novel integrated echocardiographic measure of left ventricular contractility and systo-diastolic coupling which has never been studied in the context of physical activity. The aim of this study was to assess first-phase ejection fraction following recreational marathon running along with standard echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic function. Design and participants: Runners (n = 25, 17 males), age (mean ± standard deviation) 39 ± 9 years, were assessed before and immediately after a marathon race which was completed in 4 h, 10 min ± 47 min. Main outcome measures Central hemodynamics were estimated with applanation tonometry; cardiac performance was assessed using standard M-mode two-dimensional Doppler, tissue-doppler imaging and speckle-tracking echocardiography. First-phase ejection fraction was calculated as the percentage change in left ventricular volume from end-diastole to the time of peak aortic blood flow. Results Conventional indices of systolic function and cardiac performance were similar pre- and post-race while aortic systolic blood pressure decreased by 9 ± 8 mmHg ( P < 0.001) and first-phase ejection fraction increased by approximately 48% from 16.3 ± 3.9% to 22.9 ± 2.5% ( P < 0.001). The ratio of left ventricular transmitral Doppler early velocity (E) to tissue-doppler imaging early annular velocity (e′) increased from 5.1 ± 1.8 to 6.2 ± 1.3 ( P < 0.01). Conclusion In recreational marathon runners, there is a marked increase in first-phase ejection fraction after the race despite no other significant change in cardiac performance or conventional measure of systolic function. More detailed physiological studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of this increase.

scholarly journals World Records in Half-Marathon Running by Sex and Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
The World ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
World Records ◽  
Fourth Order Polynomial

The relationship between age and elite marathon race times is well investigated, but little is known for half-marathon running. This study investigated the relationship between half-marathon race times and age in 1-year intervals by using the world single age records in half-marathon running and the sex difference in performance from 5 to 91 years in men and 5 to 93 years in women. We found a fourth-order polynomial relationship between age and race time for both women and men. Women achieve their best half-marathon race time earlier in life than men, 23.89 years compared with 28.13 years, but when using a nonlinear regression analysis, the age of the fastest race time does not differ between men and women, with 26.62 years in women and 26.80 years in men. Moreover, the sex difference in half-marathon running performance increased with advancing age.

Fatigue-Related Changes in Running Gait Patterns Persist in the Days Following a Marathon Race

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Clermont ◽  
Andrew J. Pohl ◽  
Reed Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Track Surface ◽  
Running Biomechanics

Context: The risk of experiencing an overuse running-related injury can increase with atypical running biomechanics associated with neuromuscular fatigue and/or training errors. While it is important to understand the changes in running biomechanics within a fatigue-inducing run, it may be more clinically relevant to assess gait patterns in the days following a marathon to better evaluate the effects of inadequate recovery on injury. Objective: To use center of mass (CoM) acceleration patterns to investigate changes in running patterns prior to (PRE) and at 2 (POST2) and 7 (POST7) days following a marathon race. Design: Pre–post intervention study. Setting: A 200-m oval track surface. Participants: Seventeen recreational marathon runners (10 females, age = 34.2 [5.67] y; 7 males, age = 47.41 [15.32] y). Intervention: Marathon race. Main Outcome Measures: An inertial measurement unit was placed near the CoM to collect triaxial acceleration data during overground running for PRE, POST2, and POST7 sessions. Twenty-two features were extracted from the acceleration waveforms to characterize different aspects of running gait. Lower-limb musculoskeletal pain was also recorded at each session with a visual analog scale. Results: At POST2, runners reported higher self-reported pain and exhibited elevated peak mediolateral acceleration with an increased mediolateral ratio of acceleration root mean square compared with PRE. At POST7, pain was reduced and more similar to PRE, with runners demonstrating increased stride regularity in the vertical direction and decreased peak resultant acceleration. Conclusions: The observed changes in CoM motion at POST2 may be associated with atypical running biomechanics that can translate to greater mediolateral impulses, potentially increasing the risk of injury. This study demonstrates the use of an accelerometer as an effective tool to detect atypical CoM motion for runners due to fatigue, recovery, and musculoskeletal pain in real-world environments.

P6219Can too much exercise “burn” your endothelium?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Terentes-Printzios ◽  
C Vlachopoulos ◽  
D Kardara ◽  
A Anastasakis ◽  
G Vogiatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation

Abstract Background/Introduction Regular aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Marathon running is an aerobic and extremely vigorous exercise. Endothelial function and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Purpose We investigated the chronic alterations of these indices in marathon runners. Methods We studied 30 marathon runners and 20 age- and sex-matched recreationally active control subjects. Endothelial function was evaluated with flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD) and early atherosclerosis with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). All subjects completed analytical questionnaires about their medical history and training. Results Marathon runners had significantly higher systolic and pulse pressure compared to controls. They also had reduced body-mass index, waist to hip ratio and heart rate compared to controls (p<0.05, for all). Common cIMT was significantly lower in athletes than controls (0.56±0.11 vs. 0.63±0.07, p=0.029), while there was no difference in carotid bulb IMT between groups. FMD was higher in marathon runners compared to controls and nitrate-mediated dilatation (NMD) was similar in the two groups (9.0±3.7 vs. 6.4±1.7 and 12.6±5.7 vs. 12.3±3.4; p=0.002 and p=0.821, respectively). We also observed a reverse U-shaped curve between endothelial function and amount of exercise. (Figure) Effect of amount of exercise on FMD Conclusions Our study shows, that marathon runners have higher FMD compared to controls, indicating better vascular endothelial function, and also have lower cIMT compared to controls. Increased amount of exercise training seems to abolish the beneficial effect of exercise on endothelial function. These findings provide further insights in the effects of marathon running on endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis.

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