scholarly journals Effect of Fungicide Applications on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Growth and Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan D. Fromme ◽  
Trey Price ◽  
Josh Lofton ◽  
Tom Isakeit ◽  
Ronnie Schnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Disease Pressure

Field studies were conducted in the upper Texas Gulf Coast and in central Louisiana during the 2013 through 2015 growing seasons to evaluate the effects of fungicides on grain sorghum growth and development when disease pressure was low or nonexistent. Azoxystrobin and flutriafol at 1.0 L/ha and pyraclostrobin at 0.78 L/ha were applied to the plants of two grain sorghum hybrids (DKS 54-00, DKS 53-67) at 25% bloom and compared with the nontreated check for leaf chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, and plant lodging during the growing season as well as grain mold, test weight, yield, and nitrogen and protein content of the harvested grain. The application of a fungicide had no effect on any of the variables tested with grain sorghum hybrid responses noted. DKS 53-67 produced higher yield, greater test weight, higher percent protein, and N than DKS 54-00. Results of this study indicate that the application of a fungicide when little or no disease is present does not promote overall plant health or increase yield.

scholarly journals Soybean (Glycine maxL.) Response to Fungicides in the Absence of Disease Pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Gulf Coast Region ◽  
Soybean Diseases ◽  
Coast Region

Field studies were conducted during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons along the Texas Upper Gulf Coast region to study the effects of fungicides on soybean disease development and to evaluate the response of four soybean cultivars to prothioconazole plus trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin. In neither year did any soybean diseases develop enough to be an issue. Only NKS 51-T8 responded to a fungicide treatment in 2010 while HBK 5025 responded in 2011. Prothioconazole plus trifloxystrobin increased NKS 51-T8 yield by 23% in 2010 while in 2011 the yield of HBK 5025 was increased 14% over the unsprayed check. No yield response was noted with pyraclostrobin on any soybean cultivar. Only prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin applied to either NKS 51-T8 or DP5335 in 2010 resulted in a net increase in dollars per hectare over the unsprayed check of the respective cultivar. In 2011, under extremely dry conditions, all fungicides with the exception of prothioconazole + trifloxystrobin applied to HBK 5025 resulted in a net decrease in returns over the unsprayed check.

scholarly journals Characterization, Virulence, Epidemiology, and Management of Anthracnose in Celery

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1832-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina M. Rodriguez-Salamanca ◽  
Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo ◽  
Rachel P. Naegele ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Disease Pressure

Leaf curling and petiole twisting of celery (Apium graveolens) were observed in several commercial fields in five Michigan counties in 2010 through 2012, causing significant crop damage and loss. Prior to this time, the pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum species complex had not been previously associated with celery in Michigan. In this study, the pathogen’s genotype and phenotype were characterized, the influence of environmental conditions determined, and fungicides tested. Pathogen identification was based on conidial morphology and molecular identification using species-specific primers. Intersimple-sequence repeat (ISSR) banding patterns were similar between C. acutatum isolates from celery (n = 51) and blueberry (n = 1) but different from C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. Four ISSR primers resulted in 4% polymorphism when tested on isolates from celery. Pathogenicity and virulence of C. acutatum sensu lato isolated from celery (n = 81), tomato (n = 2), and blueberry (n = 1) were evaluated in greenhouse experiments, which revealed differences in virulence among isolates but no significant differences specific to collection year, county, or field. In dew chambers and growth chambers, high temperatures (≥25°C) or long leaf wetness duration (>24 h) increased disease incidence. Twelve fungicides were tested in field studies over two growing seasons to determine their efficacy against celery anthracnose. The fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced disease by 27 to 50% compared with the untreated control when disease pressure was moderate.

scholarly journals Using Quinclorac to Control Annual Grasses and Palmer Amaranth in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James Grichar ◽  
Travis Janak
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Central ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Field studies were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in south-central Texas to determine control of Palmer amaranth and annual grasses along with grain sorghum tolerance to quinclorac alone and in various combinations when applied to weeds < 5 cm (EPOST) or 10 to 16 cm tall (LPOST). When evaluated late-season quinclorac alone at 0.43 kg ae ha-1 controlled broadleaf signalgrass 72% when applied EPOST and 91% when applied LPOST. Combinations of quinclorac with either atrazine, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil, dicamba, or dimethenamid-P controlled Palmer amaranth 88 to 100% when applied EPOST or LPOST; however, broadleaf signalgrass control with these combination was better when applied LPOST (75 to 95%) compared with EPOST (37 to 72%) applications. Texas millet control with quinclorac was poor in both years and was never greater than 54%. Quinclorac plus either atrazine, pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil, dicamba, or atrazine + dimethenamid-P caused at least 20% sorghum injury at one of three locations. No yield reductions from the untreated check were noted in either year; however, in 2016 all treatments with the exception of quinclorac alone at 0.29 kg ha-1 applied EPOST, quinclorac + pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil applied LPOST, quinclorac + atrazine + pyrasulfotole + bromoxynil applied LPOST, and quinclorac + dicamba at either application timing produced yields that were greater than the untreated check.

scholarly journals Management of Severe Curly Top in Sugar Beet with Insecticides

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Strausbaugh ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Imad A. Eujayl
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
Disease Pressure

Curly top, caused by Curtovirus spp., is a widespread disease problem vectored by the beet leafhopper in semiarid sugar beet production areas. The insecticide seed treatment Poncho Beta has proven to be effective in controlling curly top in sugar beet but was only evaluated under light to moderate disease pressure. Thus, the insecticide seed treatments Poncho Beta, NipsIt INSIDE, and Cruiser Force were evaluated under severe curly top pressure (six viruliferous beet leafhoppers per plant) in field studies during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons on two commercial sugar beet cultivars. In addition, the foliar insecticides Movento, Provado, and Scorpion were also evaluated. The seed treatments and Scorpion reduced curly top symptoms by 33 to 41% (P < 0.0001) and increased root yield by 55 to 95% (P < 0.0001), sucrose content by 6.5 to 7.2% (P = 0.0013 to <0.0001), and estimated recoverable sucrose by 58 to 96% (P < 0.0001) when compared with the untreated check. Movento and Provado did not improve control beyond that provided by Poncho Beta. Even under severe disease pressure 50 to 55 days after planting, neonicotinoid seed treatments can effectively reduce curly top, increase yield, and help protect against early-season insect pest pressure.

Using Soil-Applied Herbicides in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybeans along the Texas Gulf Coast

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Untreated Check

Field studies were conducted at four locations over a 2-year period to evaluate the utility of soil-applied herbicides and glyphosate timing for weed control and soybean yield. Pendimethalin,S-metolachlor plus metribuzin, and flufenacet plus metribuzin were applied pre-emergence (PRE) alone or followed by glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST), late postemergence (LPOST), or EPOST plus LPOST. Soil-applied herbicides or glyphosate alone failed to control (<45%) broadleaf signalgrass in 2003 due to late-season rainfall, which accounted for a late flush of growth. In 2004, soil-applied herbicides alone controlled 79–100% broadleaf signalgrass, whereas glyphosate alone or in combination with soil-applied herbicides controlled at least 99%. Barnyardgrass and tall waterhemp were controlled at least 87% with soil-applied herbicides alone and at least 95% when glyphosate was used alone or in combination with a soil-applied herbicide. Soybean yield varied, but at only one location did herbicide treatments produce higher yields than the untreated check. Under low to moderate weed pressure, the use of a soil-applied herbicide followed by glyphosate failed to increase net returns over soil-applied herbicides alone.

scholarly journals Response of Soybean to Early-Season Planting Dates along the Upper Texas Gulf Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Stephen P. Biles
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
Early Portion ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
North Latitude

Soybeans (Glycine maxL.) can be planted along the upper Texas Gulf Coast from mid-March through May to take advantage of early season rains and to complete harvest before hurricane season and fall rains become a problem. However, in the Calhoun County area (28.5° north latitude), these planting dates have resulted in below average yields and reasons for these yield reductions are not clear. To determine if earlier planting dates could be an option to eliminate the low yields, field studies were conducted from 2005 through 2010 in Calhoun County, Texas, to determine soybean cultivar response to planting dates which ranged from mid-February through the last of April. Typically, soil temperatures in this area are above 18°C in mid-February and depending on weather patterns may not fall much lower during any time in the early portion of the growing season. The greatest yield was obtained with the mid-February and mid-March planting dates compared with early- or late-April planting dates. Typically, as planting date was delayed, the interval between planting and harvest decreased.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) andEchinochloaspp. Control in Texas Gulf Coast Soybean (Glycine max)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Noldin ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
Garry N. McCauley ◽  
John W. Sij
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field studies were conducted from 1992 to 1994 to evaluate herbicides applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and postemergence (POST) for red rice andEchinochloaspp. control in soybean. Metolachlor PPI at 3.4 kg ai/ha controlled red rice late season 90 to 92%. Alachlor at 4.5 kg ai/ha and SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg ai/ha, PPI or PRE, metolachlor plus imazaquin at 2.8 + 0.14 kg ai/ha PRE, and quizalofop-P POST at 0.07 kg ai/ha provided 83 to 95% red rice control in at least 2 of 3 yr. The addition of imazaquin to metolachlor or pendimethalin did not improve red rice control. Early-seasonEchinochloaspp. control with trifluralin, pendimethalin, and pendimethalin + imazaquin applied PPI; metolachlor, SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha, and metolachlor + imazaquin applied PPI or PRE; alachlor, AC 263,222 + imazaquin, and AC 263,222 + imazethapyr applied PRE; and sethoxydim and quizalofop-P applied POST was 90 to 100% in at least 2 of 3 yr. However,Echinochloaspp. control decreased for all treatments later in the season. Pendimethalin applied PPI at 2.2 kg ai/ha or in mixture with imazaquin at 1.7 + 0.14 kg ai/ha injured soybean 14 to 34% in 2 yr. Trifluralin PPI, SAN 582H at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha PPI or PRE, imazaquin PPI, metolachlor + imazaquin PPI or PRE, and AC 263,222 + imazethapyr injured soybean 12 to 41% in at least 1 of 3 yr.

Rotational Crops Response to Soil Applied Trifloxysulfuron

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford W. Minton ◽  
Mark A. Matocha ◽  
Scott A. Senseman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Texas Gulf Coast ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Soil Persistence ◽  
Corn Grain

Research was conducted along the Texas Gulf Coast in 1998 and 1999 to determine trifloxysulfuron soil persistence and potential injury to corn, grain sorghum, rice, and soybeans. Trifloxysulfuron was applied at 0, 7.5, and 60 g/ha to plots 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 d prior to planting of crops. Corn and grain sorghum were more sensitive to trifloxysulfuron than rice and soybeans when planted 0 to 90 d after treatment (DAT). Trifloxysulfuron was more persistent at the San Patricio location than at Fort Bend, which had a lower soil pH. However, no phytotoxicity or plant-height reduction was observed at the four locations with corn, grain sorghum, rice, and soybeans planted 209 to 312 DAT. Greenhouse data showed that neither corn nor sunflower planted 209 to 312 DAT were adversely affected by either rate of trifloxysulfuron. Trifloxysulfuron applied to cotton up to 20 g/ha the previous year should not cause phytotoxicity to corn, grain sorghum, rice, or soybeans when grown in rotation under soil and weather conditions similar to those in these studies.

Injury and Yield Response of Selected Crops to Imazaquin and Norflurazon Residues

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde J. Barnes ◽  
Terry L. Lavy
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Norflurazon Residues

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1989 to evaluate the effects of freshly applied residual levels (simulated residue carryover) of imazaquin and norflurazon on the growth and yield of corn, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, and wheat. Studies ware conducted on five soils, and concentrations of herbicides were determined at crop planting. Crop injury ratings were recorded 4 wk after emergence, and yields were measured at the end of each growing season. In simulated residue carryover studies, corn and grain sorghum injury occurred and yields were reduced when norflurazon concentrations were 450 ng g-1soil or greater. Rice yields were reduced at norflurazon concentrations of 710 ng g-1. Corn, cotton, and wheat heights and yields were reduced when imazaquin concentrations were 13 ng g-1, 13 ng g-1, and 45 ng g-1soil, respectively for crops. Comparisons between simulated carryover and actual carryover were made for corn and cotton grown in imazaquin treated fields as well as for corn grown in a norflurazon treated field.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Tolerance to Pyrasulfotole plus Bromoxynil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan D. Fromme ◽  
Peter A. Dotray ◽  
W. James Grichar ◽  
Carlos J. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Better Than

Field studies were conducted during the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons at five locations in the Texas grain sorghum producing regions to evaluate pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations for weed control and grain sorghum response. All pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations controlledAmaranthus palmeri,Cucumis melo, andProboscidea louisianicaat least 94% while control ofUrochloa texanawas never better than 69%. Pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations did result in early season chlorosis and stunting; however, by the end of the growing season no visual injury or stunting differences were noted when compared to the untreated check. Early season grain sorghum chlorosis and stunting with pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil combinations did not affect grain sorghum yields with the exception of pyrasulfotole at 0.03 kg ai/ha plus bromoxynil at 0.26 kg ai/ha plus atrazine at 0.58 kg ai/ha applied early postemergence followed by pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil applied mid-postemergence which reduced yield at one of two locations in 2008. Grain sorghum yield increased following all pyrasulfotole plus bromoxynil treatments compared to the untreated check in 2009.

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