scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baniata ◽  
Jiman Hong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

The recent advances in sensing and communication technologies such as wireless sensor networks (WSN) have enabled low-priced distributed monitoring systems that are the foundation of smart cities. These advances are also helping to monitor smart cities and making our living environments workable. However, sensor nodes are constrained in energy supply if they have no constant power supply. Moreover, communication links can be easily failed because of unequal node energy depletion. The energy constraints and link failures affect the performance and quality of the sensor network. Therefore, designing a routing protocol that minimizes energy consumption and maximizes the network lifetime should be considered in the design of the routing protocol for WSN. In this paper, we propose an Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering (EEUCLC) protocol which has a suboptimal multihop routing algorithm to reduce the burden on the cluster head and a probability-based cluster head selection algorithm to prolong the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the EEUCLC mechanism enhanced the energy balance and prolonged the network lifetime compared to other related protocols.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Trust Node Based Routing Protocol (EETRP) to Maximize the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks in Plateaus

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandoori Srikanth ◽  
Muktyala Sivaganga Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Energy Limitation

<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can extant the individual profits and suppleness with regard to low-power and economical quick deployment for numerous applications. WSNs are widely utilized in medical health care, environmental monitoring, emergencies and remote control areas. Introducing of mobile nodes in clusters is a traditional approach, to assemble the data from sensor nodes and forward to the Base station. Energy efficiency and lifetime improvements are key research areas from past few decades. In this research, to solve the energy limitation to upsurge the network lifetime, Energy efficient trust node based routing protocol is proposed. An experimental validation of framework is focused on Packet Delivery Ratio, network lifetime, throughput, energy consumption and network loss among all other challenges. This protocol assigns some high energy nodes as trusted nodes, and it decides the mobility of data collector.  The energy of mobile nodes, and sensor nodes can save up to a great extent by collecting data from trusted nodes based on their trustworthiness and energy efficiency.  The simulation outcome of our evaluation shows an improvement in all these parameters than existing clustering and Routing algorithms.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient QoS-Aware Intelligent Hybrid Clustered Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Parvinder Singh ◽  
Rajeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor

A wireless sensor network consists of numerous low-power microsensor devices that can be deployed in a geographical area for remote sensing, surveillance, control, and monitoring applications. The advancements of wireless devices in terms of user-friendly interface, size, and deployment cost have given rise to many smart applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, certain issues like energy efficiency, long lifetime, and communication reliability restrict their large scale utilization. In WSNs, the cluster-based routing protocols assist nodes to collect, aggregate, and forward sensed data from event regions towards the sink node through minimum cost links. A clustering method helps to improve data transmission efficiency by dividing the sensor nodes into small groups. However, improper cluster head (CH) selection may affect the network lifetime, average network energy, and other quality of service (QoS) parameters. In this paper, a multiobjective clustering strategy is proposed to optimize the energy consumption, network lifetime, network throughput, and network delay. A fitness function has been formulated for heterogenous and homogenous wireless sensor networks. This fitness function is utilized to select an optimum CH for energy minimization and load balancing of cluster heads. A new hybrid clustered routing protocol is proposed based on fitness function. The simulation results conclude that the proposed protocol achieves better efficiency in increasing the network lifetime by 63%, 26%, and 10% compared with three well-known heterogeneous protocols: DEEC, EDDEEC, and ATEER, respectively. The proposed strategy also attains better network stability than a homogenous LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals An Energy Efficient Localization-Free Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 307246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
Dongkyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Underwater Environment

Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted much research attention from both academia and industry, in order to explore the vast underwater environment. UWSNs have peculiar characteristics; that is, they have large propagation delay, high error rate, low bandwidth, and limited energy. Therefore, designing network/routing protocols for UWSNs is very challenging. Also, in UWSNs, improving the energy efficiency is one of the most important issues since the replacement of the batteries of underwater sensor nodes is very expensive due to the unpleasant underwater environment. In this paper, we therefore propose an energy efficient routing protocol, named (energy-efficient depth-based routing protocol) EEDBR for UWSNs. EEDBR utilizes the depth of sensor nodes for forwarding data packets. Furthermore, the residual energy of sensor nodes is also taken into account in order to improve the network lifetime. Based on the comprehensive simulation using NS2, we observe that EEDBR contributes to the performance improvements in terms of the network lifetime, energy consumption, and end-to-end delay. A previous version of this paper was accepted in AST-2011 conference.

An Energy-Efficient Cluster Head and Router Selecting Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1807-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Zhi Huang ◽  
Xue Zeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distance Communication

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on ZigBee technology are currently popular low-energy, low-cost, short-distance communication technologies that can be applied in many areas, such as industry, environment, agriculture, etc. Energy efficiency is one of the most important research points for WSNs. In this paper, we analyze the existing WSNs protocols, especially LEACH, and propose an energy-efficient cluster head and router selecting protocol (EECRS). EECRS combines both cluster-based and energy-threshold routing protocols to balance the energy consumption of the sensor nodes in the whole network in order to extend the network lifetime. And through the simulation via NS2 software, it is shown that EECRS improves the network performance, network lifetime and data received per energy mount consumption, compared with LEACH protocol.

scholarly journals An energy-efficient unequal clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 155014771987938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhu ◽  
Junfang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Rotation Strategy

Wireless sensor networks have drawn tremendous attentions from all fields because of their wide application. Maximizing network lifetime is one of the main problems in wireless sensor networks. This article proposes an energy-efficient routing protocol which adopts unequal clustering technology to solve the hot spots problem and proposes double cluster head strategy to reduce the energy consumption of head nodes in the clusters. In addition, to balance the energy consumption between cluster heads and cluster members, a hybrid cluster head rotation strategy based on time-driven and energy-driven is proposed, which can make the timing of rotation more reasonable and the energy consumption more efficient. Finally, we compare the proposed protocol with LEACH, DEBUC, and UCNPD by simulation experiments. The simulation results prove that our proposed protocol can effectively improve the performance in terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, energy balance, stability, and throughput.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Cluster Based Scheduling Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Srie Vidhya Janani ◽  
P. Ganesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Member ◽  
Scheduling Scheme

The energy utilization of sensor nodes in large scale wireless sensor network points out the crucial need for scalable and energy efficient clustering protocols. Since sensor nodes usually operate on batteries, the maximum utility of network is greatly dependent on ideal usage of energy leftover in these sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an Energy Efficient Cluster Based Scheduling Scheme for wireless sensor networks that balances the sensor network lifetime and energy efficiency. In the first phase of our proposed scheme, cluster topology is discovered and cluster head is chosen based on remaining energy level. The cluster head monitors the network energy threshold value to identify the energy drain rate of all its cluster members. In the second phase, scheduling algorithm is presented to allocate time slots to cluster member data packets. Here congestion occurrence is totally avoided. In the third phase, energy consumption model is proposed to maintain maximum residual energy level across the network. Moreover, we also propose a new packet format which is given to all cluster member nodes. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme greatly contributes to maximum network lifetime, high energy, reduced overhead, and maximum delivery ratio.

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

scholarly journals Energy-efficient hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademola Abidoye ◽  
Boniface Kabaso
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Hierarchical Routing

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been recognized as one of the most essential technologies of the 21st century. The applications of WSNs are rapidly increasing in almost every sector because they can be deployed in areas where cable and power supply are difficult to use. In the literature, different methods have been proposed to minimize energy consumption of sensor nodes so as to prolong WSNs utilization. In this article, we propose an efficient routing protocol for data transmission in WSNs; it is called Energy-Efficient Hierarchical routing protocol for wireless sensor networks based on Fog Computing (EEHFC). Fog computing is integrated into the proposed scheme due to its capability to optimize the limited power source of WSNs and its ability to scale up to the requirements of the Internet of Things applications. In addition, we propose an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm that can be used to construct optimal path for efficient data transmission for sensor nodes. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in comparison with P-SEP, EDCF, and RABACO schemes. The results of the simulations show that the proposed approach can minimize sensor nodes’ energy consumption, data packet losses and extends the network lifetime

scholarly journals A PSO-Based Uneven Dynamic Clustering Multi-Hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruan ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dynamic Clustering ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by energy-constrained batteries, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed to extend the network lifetime. However, most of the protocols do not well balance the energy consumption of the WSNs. The hotspot problem caused by unbalanced energy consumption in the WSNs reduces the network lifetime. To solve the problem, this paper proposes a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-based uneven dynamic clustering multi-hop routing protocol (PUDCRP). In the PUDCRP protocol, the distribution of the clusters will change dynamically when some nodes fail. The PSO algorithm is used to determine the area where the candidate CH (cluster head) nodes are located. The adaptive clustering method based on node distribution makes the cluster distribution more reasonable, which balances the energy consumption of the network more effectively. In order to improve the energy efficiency of multi-hop transmission between the BS (Base Station) and CH nodes, we also propose a connecting line aided route construction method to determine the most appropriate next hop. Compared with UCCGRA, multi-hop EEBCDA, EEMRP, CAMP, PSO-ECHS and PSO-SD, PUDCRP prolongs the network lifetime by between 7.36% and 74.21%. The protocol significantly balances the energy consumption of the network and has better scalability for various sizes of network.

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