scholarly journals The Antidiabetic Activity ofNigella sativaand Propolis on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddad A. El Rabey ◽  
Madeha N. Al-Seeni ◽  
Amal S. Bakhashwain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Third

This study was conducted to compare the ameliorative effect ofNigella sativaand propolis methanol extract onstreptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats and treating diabetic nephropathy. Forty male Albino rats were divided into four groups; the first group was the negative control fed standard diet. The other 30 rats were injected withstreptozotocin to inducediabetes by a single intravenous injection and then divided equally into three groups; the second group was the positive diabetic control; the third and the fourth groups were treated orally with 20% w/wNigella sativaseeds methanol extract and propolis methanol extract (20% w/w), respectively. The rats of the second group showed increased glucose levels and lipid peroxide accompanied with reduction in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase enzyme activities compared with the negative control. Carboxymethyl lysine, interleukin-6, and immunoglobulins were also increased as a result of diabetes. Kidney function parameters were also elevated, while potassium and sodium levels were decreased. Moreover, tissues of kidney and pancreas showed severe histopathological changes. Treating the diabetic rats withNigella sativaand propolis methanol extract in the third and fourth groups, respectively, ameliorated all altered biochemical and pathological examinations approaching the negative control. Propolis was more effective thanNigella sativa.

scholarly journals Comparison between the Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Fenugreek and Buckthorn in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed A. Alsieni ◽  
Haddad A. El Rabey ◽  
Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni ◽  
Madeha N. Al-Seeni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract

This study is aimed at comparing the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of fenugreek and buckthorn which are commonly used in modulating diabetes in the Middle East. In this study, the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extracts of the leaf and seed of fenugreek and buckthorn was tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats fed with a fat-rich diet for 8 weeks. Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6 ); the 1st group was the negative control. Diabetes was induced in the other 30 rats using streptozotocin, which were then divided into 5 groups; the 2nd was the untreated positive diabetic group, the 3rd was treated with fenugreek leaf aqueous extract, the 4th was treated with the fenugreek seed aqueous extract, the 5th was treated with buckthorn leaf aqueous extract, and the 6th was treated with buckthorn seed aqueous extract. The positive control group showed an increase in blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, liver function enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, kidney indices, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and very-low-density lipoprotein, immunoglobulins, and lipid peroxidation and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein, albumin, and antioxidant activity. The histology of the liver and testes showed severe histopathological alterations. Rats of groups 4-6 that were treated with the aqueous extract of the leaf and seed extract of fenugreek and buckthorn showed improvement of all biochemical and histopathological parameters. The seed extract of fenugreek and buckthorn showed more antioxidant activity than their leaves.

scholarly journals Effects of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza Leaf (Piper guineense) on Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Igwilo, Elvis Ikenna
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: For centuries, plant and plant products have played a pivotal role in medication. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of black seed (Nigella sativa) and uziza leaf (Piper guineense) on electrolytes, urea and creatinine of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were used for the study; the rats were arranged into five groups with five rats each. Sucrose and margarine were used to induce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia respectively on the rats with the exception of the rats in the positive control group.  The rats in the negative control were induced using the sucrose and margarine but were not treated using the aqueous extracts. The rats in the uziza group were treated with 2 ml of uziza aqueous leaf extract, while the rats in the black seed group were treated with 2 ml of black seed aqueous extract. The rats in the black seed & uziza leaf group were treated with 2ml of the combined aqueous extract. Results: The results showed that the extracts had a decreasing effect which was time dependent on the electrolytes. The highest decrease was obtained on the third week of feeding compared to the control (P=.05). The sodium levels (mmol/L) showed for the negative control (198.23 ± 1.96), positive control (108.15 ± 1.60), uziza leaf (98.28 ± 4.17), black seed (101.67 ± 4.24), black seed & uziza (90.83 ± 2.14).  The decrease for potassium levels (mEq/L) showed for the negative control (0.90 ± 0.06), positive control (0.05 ± 0.10), uziza leaf (0.07 ± 0.18), black seed (0.06 ± 0.19), black seed & Uziza (0.05 ± 0.10). Furthermore, the extracts also had a reducing effect on urea and creatinine levels with the highest reduction obtained on the third week (p=0.05).  The urea levels (mmol/L) showed for the negative control (26.84 ± 0.05), positive control (15.15 ± 1.20), uziza leaf (12.83 ± 0.98), black seed (12.16 ± 2.01), black seed & uziza (11.48 ± 1.78). The extracts also decreased creatinine levels (mmol/L) with the negative control (284.58 ± 0.33), positive control (182.73 ± 3.67), uziza leaf (194.16 ± 18.30), black seed (167.34 ± 14.66), black seed & uziza (174.46 ± 10.66).  Conclusion: The extracts significantly decreased the elevated electrolytes levels and therefore uziza leaf and black seed can be used to restore kidney function.

scholarly journals Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Ikiriko, Favour Ibiwari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf.  Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts.  The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the functional activity changes in rats testicles under conditions of dosage spermatic cord stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
M.Ya. Stravska ◽  
A.V. Hantimurov ◽  
T.Ya. Stravskyy ◽  
A.S. Sverstiuk ◽  
O.Ya. Halytska-Kharkhalis
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Experimental Group

Infertility in marriage is an important medical, biological, social and demographic problem. Inguinal hernioplasty is objectively considered as a factor of male infertility in 9.8% of cases. Under these pathological conditions, the structural elements of the spermatic cord are compressed those appears the circulatory disturbances in testicle. Disorders of reproductive function often occur precisely because of hemodynamic disorders, which are considered one of the leading pathogenetic factors in the development of male infertility. Purpose — to establish peculiarities of testicles vessels and tissues remodeling under dosed spermatic cord stenosis conditions and during the reperfusion period. The experiments have been carried out on 78 non-linear white male rats, weighting 180–200 grams which were fed due to a standard diet of vivarium. All the animals were divided into four groups: one control group and three experimental ones. The control group included six intact animals. All the other comprised the experimental group which was divided into three series six animals per each depending on the terms of observation. The animals with the model of dosed stenosis of funiculus comprised first experimental group; the animals with the model of dosed stenosis and one-moment decompression, starting from the third day of the experiment comprised the second group; to the third group we referred the animals with the model of dosed stenosis of the funiculus which have undergone decompression with the correction of reperfusion changes due to the method proposed by us, starting from the third day. During the experiment it was established that after one-time decompression of the spermatic cord that was under the experimental stenosis conditions, apereas destructive changes in testicles parenchyma and decreases the functional activity of the organ. Despite that the compression factor has been removed and the blood flow in arteries and veins has been fully restored, there was no improvement in the hemodynamics of the testicle. The use of the dosage decompression method of the spermatic cord helps to improve the hemodynamic conditions of the organ during the reperfusion period. In this case, the detected changes of the testicle’s parenchyma and its intra-organ vessels were less pronounced than during stenosis of the spermatic cord and its one-time decompression. The functional activity of the testicles with use of the reperfusion changes correction, was slightly violated, the spermatogenesis index has been increased and the mature forms of spermatozoa were present in the seminiferous tubules. Thus, the usage of the proposed method of the spermatic cord decompression allows us to obtain positive dynamics in testicles blood vessels remodeling in reperfusion period.

scholarly journals Nigella sativa seed extract protects against cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Ikenna Kingsley Uchendu ◽  
Ebuka Bitrus Nnedu ◽  
Ifeoma Blessing Ekeigwe
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oral Group ◽  
Nigella Sativa Seed

Objective:  The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of methanolic extract of Nigella sativa (MENS) (Black seed) against cardiotoxicity of cadmium in albino rats.  Methods: Twenty five (25) male albino rats, weighing (150-170g), were randomly grouped into five groups: A-E. Group B (Negative Control) received intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5mg/kg) only, group C received CdCl2 and low dose MENS (300mg/kg, oral), group D received CdCl2 and high dose MENS (600mg/kg, oral), group E (Positive control) received CdCl2 and Vitamin C (200mg/kg, oral), for 7 days. No treatment was administered to group A (Normal control). Cardiac injury was assessed by measuring serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine kinase (CK-MB) using standard methods. The heart was harvested for histopathological examination. Results: CdCl2 induced significant cardiotoxicity with marked elevation in the levels of biochemical markers of cardiac functions (p<0.05 or p<0.01); these were however attenuated by MENS. Histopathological examination of the heart sections supported the biochemical findings. Conclusion: Nigella sativa seed extract is potentially cardioprotective against harmful chemical toxins such as cadmium. Keywords: Cadmium, CdCl2, Nigella sativa, Medicinal food, cardiotoxicity

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK JINTAN HITAM (NIGELLA SATIVA) DAN TEMULAWAK (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI HEPAR TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Chairunna Amalia ◽  
Des Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Parasetamol sebagai analgesik dan antipiretik yang paling sering digunakan, memiliki efek samping terbesar pada hati. Jintan hitam dan temulawak telah diteliti memiliki efek hepatoprotektor, namun belum ada peneliti yang membandingkan efektifitasnya sebagai hepatoprotektor. Karenanya, peneliti ingin mengetahui perbedaan efek antara keduanya. Tujuan: Untuk membandingkan efektifitas pada pemberian jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) dan temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) sebagai hepatoprotektor terhadap gambaran histopatologi hepar tikus yang di induksi parasetamol. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan uji sebanyak 24 ekor tikus jantan galur wistar yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu: kontrol negatif ( aquades), kelompok positif ( parasetamol), kelompok perlakuan 1 (ekstrak jintan hitam 500mg/KgBB+ parasetamol 500mg/kgbb), dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (ekstrak temulawak 500mg/kgBB+ parasetamol 500mg/kgbb) selama 7 hari, Pada hari ke delapan hewan di matikan dan dilakukan pembuatan sediaan preparat histologi hepar dan diamati dibawah mikroskop , untuk menilai derajat kerusakan hepar tikus antar kelompok , kemudian dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal Wallis dan uji Man Whitney. Hasil: Uji Kruskal Walis, menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan antar seluruh kelompok perlakuan(p>0.05). Selanjutnya pada uji post hoc Mann- Whitney dijumpai perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok KN dan KP, juga pada KP dengan P1 dan P2. Kesimpulan: Efektifitas ekstrak jintan hitam dosis 500mg/KgBB sama dengan ekstrak temulawak dosis 500mg/KgBB.   ABSTRACT   Background: Paracetamol as the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic has the biggest side effects on the liver. Black cumin and Temulawak have been investigated to have a hepatoprotector effect, but no researchers have compared its effectiveness as a hepatoprotector. Hence, the researchers wanted to see the difference in effect between the two. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of administration of black cumin (Nigella sativa) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) as a hepatoprotector against the histopathological picture of rat liver induced by parasetamol. Method: This study used 24 test animals of Wistar strain male rats divided into 4 groups, namely: negative control (aquades), positive group (p arasetamol), treatment group 1 (black cumin extract 500mg / KgBB + paracetamol 500mg / kgbb), and treatment group 2 (temulawak extract 500mg / kgBB + paracetamol 500mg / kgbb) for 7 days, on the eighth day the animals were killed and made preparations for liver histology preparations and observed under a microscope, to assess the degree of liver damage between groups, then analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test and the Man Whitney test. Results: Kruskal Walis test, showed that there were significant differences between all treatment groups (p> 0.05). Furthermore, in the Mann-Whitney post hoc test, there were significant differences between the KN and KP groups, also in the KP with P1 and P2. Conclusion: The effectiveness of black cumin extract  dose of 500mg / KgBB is the same as temulawak extract dose of 500mg / KgBB.  

scholarly journals Administration of red rosella’s petals extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa) increase level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) wistar rats which induced by repeteadly heated cooking oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novera Herdiani ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background:  repeatedly heated cooking oil is cooking oil that is used many times, had saturated fatty acids containing free radicals. Red rosella petals extract contains antioxidants to minimize the effects of repeatedly heated cooking oil that can raise the levels of SOD. The aim of this study was to analyzed the effect of red rosella’s petals extract against oxidative stress of Wistar rats were induced by repeatedly heated cooking oil with examine levels of  serum SOD.This research was conducted True Experimental Laboratory with a completely randomized design (CRD) and use the post test. The sample consisted of 24 male rats were divided 4 groups: negative control (fed with standard diet); positive control (fed with standard diet + administered by repeatedly heated cooking oil as much as 2.1 ml / kg bw); treatment group dose I (fed with standard diet + administered by red rosella extract dose 540 mg / kg bw + repeatedly heated cooking oil as much as 2.1 ml / kg bw), and treatment group dose II (fed with standard diet + administered by red rosella extract dose 810 mg / kg bw + repeatedly heated cooking oil as much as 2.1 ml / kg bw). Analysis of data using statistical test One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD (α = 0.05).Results: There were significant differences (p = 0.000) between groups. Red rosella extract treatment group dose 810 mg / kg bw and 540 mg / kg bw were significantly different from the positive control (p = 0.000). Red rosella extract group dose 540 mg / kg bw was significantly different from the negative control (p = 0.000). Red rosella extract group dosage of 810 mg / kg bw was not differ significantly from the control group (p = 0.171).Conclusion: The red rosella’s petals extract dose of 810 mg / kg bw and dose of 540 mg / kg bw were able to prevent oxidative stress. Optimal deose of red rosella petals extract dose of 810 mg / kg bw was the most effective, because the higher antioxidant activity (67.33%) at dose 810 mg / kg bw dose than 540 mg / kg bw.

Effect of Propolis Administration on the Endocrine Functions and Histopathology of Pancreas in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Hariri ◽  
Tharwat Gamal Eldin ◽  
Mohammed Al-Harbi ◽  
Tarek Hashim ◽  
Rizwan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Diet

This study was performed to investigate the hypoglycemic properties of Propolis and their possible role on pancreatic's tissue. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 45 adult male albino rats and the animals were divided into three groups; Negative control group received standard diet; Positive group diabetic untreated group; Propolis treated group supplemented with (0.3 g/Kg/day) for 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. At the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta. A heparinized tube was used for collection of plasma for measurement of lipid peroxidation products, insulin, glucagon and fasting blood glucose. Pancreas were isolated and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), histoimmunological and morphometric factors were studied. The results of this study showed that Propolis was able to reduce blood glucose significantly compared with the diabetic untreated group. Hypercellularity and density of B cells increased in pancreatic tissue, islets size and percent of B cells increased significantly in Propolis treated group which may signify regeneration of islets or B cells in Propolis treated rats. In the current study, we have demonstrated that, both structural and functional improvements of pancreas. Further researches are highly needed to clarify the specific molecular and cellular targets of various constituents of Propolis.

scholarly journals Protection of histomorphology of vital organs by methanolic seed extract of Nigella sativa against cadmium-induced tissue injuries in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-S) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Emeka Cyprian Oguji ◽  
Chibueze Joseph Obigeorge ◽  
Johnson Obiechina Omeh ◽  
Amechi Jnr. Odeku ◽  
Tachia Jaclyn Wanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background: Chemical-induced organ injuries have been on a fast rise for decades and these injuries have become common causes of mortality and morbidity in the society. Edible plant materials with medicinal properties have been used for treating various diseases for many centuries in folk medicine. Recently, the role of food or medicinal plants in human health has received considerable attention. Traditional uses of N. sativa seed range from soothing wounds to remedying cough, eczema, diabetes, inflammation of the bronchi and tooth aches; and these point to substantial tissue effects. Objective: We investigated the protective effects of methanolic seed extract of Nigella sativa (MENS) against cadmium-induced histomorphological alterations in heart, kidney and liver tissues of albino rats. Methods: Twenty five (25) male albino rats, weighing (200±20g), were randomly grouped into five groups: A, B, C, D, and E. Group B (Negative Control) received intraperitoneal administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5mg/kg) only, group C received CdCl2 and low dose MENS (300mg/kg, oral), group D received CdCl2 and high dose MENS (600mg/kg, oral), and group E (Positive control) received CdCl2 and Vitamin C (200mg/kg, oral), for 14 days. Group A (Normal control) received no administration. Heart, kidney and liver were harvested for histopathological analyses. Results: Cadmium (CdCl2) induced significant histomorphological changes in the studied organs, and the heart was the most damaged of all the organs studied; however a significantly ameliorative effect by methanolic seed extracts was observed. Conclusion: Nigella sativa seed extract is potentially tissue-protective against harmful chemical toxins like cadmium.  

scholarly journals Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of the Twigs of Andrograhis paniculata on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats

BioChem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
Olubanke O. Ogunlana ◽  
Babatunde O. Adetuyi ◽  
Elohor F. Esalomi ◽  
Miracle I. Rotimi ◽  
Jacob O. Popoola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group 2

Background: Diabetes is associated with chronic hyperglycaemia, long-term damage, dysfunction, and organ failure. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the twigs of Andrographis paniculata and its toxicological markers on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Albino rats. Methods: A total of thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Non-diabetic animals were treated with distilled water as non-diabetic sham control group 1, while diabetic animals (group 2, 3, 4 and 5) were treated with 60 mg/kg bw STZ intravenous (iv) and 100 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of metformin orally for group 2, distilled water for group 3, and 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt of Andrograhis paniculata (A. paniculata) for groups 4 and 5, respectively. The animals were dosed for 28 days, after which they were sacrificed. Liver and kidney function tests as well as livid profile tests were used as the biomarkers of toxicological assessment. Fasting blood glucose was carried out weekly. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was conducted on the 28th day of the antidiabetic assessment. Results: A. paniculata groups 4 and 5 were significant at different doses (p < 0.05) in reducing the blood glucose level in comparison with metformin. There were significant changes in total and direct bilirubin, total protein, potassium, triglyceride and inorganic phosphorus in 500 mg/kg bwt of the treated group in comparison with the metformin and diabetic group groups. A. paniculata at 500 mg/kg bwt is most effective for its antidiabetic and organ protecting effects.

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