scholarly journals A Method for Identifying Pollution Sources of Heavy Metals and PAH for a Risk-Based Management of a Mediterranean Harbour

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ombretta Paladino ◽  
Arianna Moranda ◽  
Mahdi Seyedsalehi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Ratio Matching ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

A procedure for assessing harbour pollution by heavy metals and PAH and the possible sources of contamination is proposed. The procedure is based on a ratio-matching method applied to the results of principal component analysis (PCA), and it allows discrimination between point and nonpoint sources. The approach can be adopted when many sources of pollution can contribute in a very narrow coastal ecosystem, both internal and outside but close to the harbour, and was used to identify the possible point sources of contamination in a Mediterranean Harbour (Port of Vado, Savona, Italy). 235 sediment samples were collected in 81 sampling points during four monitoring campaigns and 28 chemicals were searched for within the collected samples. PCA of total samples allowed the assessment of 8 main possible point sources, while the refining ratio-matching identified 1 sampling point as a possible PAH source, 2 sampling points as Cd point sources, and 3 sampling points as C > 12 point sources. By a map analysis it was possible to assess two internal sources of pollution directly related to terminals activity. The study is the prosecution of a previous work aimed at assessing Savona-Vado Harbour pollution levels and suggested strategies to regulate the harbour activities.

scholarly journals Distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil in a commonly used mining area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xu ◽  
Huiping Dai ◽  
Lidia Skuza ◽  
Shuhe Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sampling Points

Abstract This study investigated the spatial, vertical and fraction distribution, multivariate statistical analysis, as well as assessed pollution levels and health risks posed by heavy metals at the Wenshan mining area. There were 6 sampling points at the site, from which a total of 32 samples were collected. The eastern and south-eastern parts of the site were heavily polluted, while the western and north-western parts were less contaminated. As pollution was particularly severe in the topsoil, with the mean value of 503.31 mg kg− 1 being more than 25-fold higher than the risk screening value. As content in all layers was greater than the standard risk screening value in the three typical profiles. The proportion of various Ni, Cu and As fractions changed slightly with depth at all three sampling points, and the residual fraction percentage accounted for more or nearly 80% of the total concentration. In addition, a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.05) was detected between Ni and As (-0.85), indicating a different source of these two elements. Principal component analysis demonstrated that two PCs, i.e. PC1, attributed to human activities, e.g. mining activities and transport, and PC2, defined as natural sources, were responsible for 80.632% of the total variance. As posed severe ecological and unacceptable health risks, i.e. non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks both for adults and children. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of mining pollutants and improved emission management in the mining process are essential to protect the environment and health of local residents.

scholarly journals Research on heavy metal level and co-occurrence network in typical ecological fragile area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhao ◽  
Liangmin Gao ◽  
Fugeng Zha ◽  
Xiaoqing Chen ◽  
Xiaofang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Sampling Points

AbstractDue to the special sensitivity of typical ecologically fragile areas, a series of human life, mining, and other activities have a greater impact on the environment. In this study, three coal mines in Ordos City on the Loess Plateau were selected as the study area, and the pollution levels of heavy metals in the area were studied by measuring As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in the soil of 131 sampling points. Combined with the concept of “co-occurrence network” in biology, the level of heavy metals in soil was studied using geostatistics and remote sensing databases. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb in more than half of the sampling points were higher than the local environmental background value, but did not exceed the risk control value specified by China, indicating that human factors have a greater influence, while Cd and As elements are mainly affected Soil parent material and human factors influence. Heavy metal elements have nothing to do with clay and silt but have an obvious correlation with gravel. Cd, Pb, As and Ni, Cd, Cr are all positively correlated, and different heavy metals are in space The distribution also reflects the autocorrelation, mainly concentrated in the northeast of the TS mining area and the middle of the PS mining area.

scholarly journals Distribution and abundance of Chironomidae (Diptera, Insecta) in an impacted watershed in South-east Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. G. S. M. MARQUES ◽  
F. A. R. BARBOSA ◽  
M. CALLISTO
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Genus Richness ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Chironomid Midges ◽  
Abundant Genus

Patterns of abundance and distribution of chironomid midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) in the middle Rio Doce basin were analysed. Human activities (mining, steel processing, and Eucalyptus spp. forestry) contribute to environmental degradation and low water quality in this watershed. Physical and chemical water traits (dissolved oxygen, pH, total alkalinity, electric conductivity, phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations) of 20 sampling points were used in a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to establish the best and worst water quality. Sampling points recorded as the most polluted showed low genus richness of Chironomidae, less than five genera from the total 23, and dominance of the genus Chironomus, a bioindicator of environmental stress. Following Chironomus, the second most frequent and abundant genus was Cricotopus, whose distribution could not be related to pollution levels. The Tanypodinae sub-family showed certain sensitivity to low dissolved oxygen concentrations and high nutrients levels, and was not found at points of high pollution levels.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contents in soils affected by industrial activities in a southern district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monira Begum ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Metal Contents

A research was done to focus on the level of heavy metal pollution by three point sources in Barisal, a southern district of Bangladesh. Soils were collected from four distinct distances (100 m, 200 m, 400 m and 600 m from the point of discharge) of three different industrial sites, namely textile, cement and medicine industry. Maximum build-up of heavy metals was found in the vicinity of textile industry, while the minimum was observed in soils of medicine industry. Cu, Cr, Cd, Mn and Ni were found in the highest concentrations in textile industry, while As, Pb and Zn were found in the highest content near the cement industry. Negative correlation values indicate that pollution levels decrease with the increasing distance from the pollution sites.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(1): 11-17, June-2016

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Habbaniyah Lake, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Huda Sulaiman Ghalib ◽  
Majeed Mattar Ramal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Wet Season

Heavy metal concentrations in a water sample from Habbaniyah Lake (HL), Iraq (Cr, Cd, Ni, Fe, Co, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Thirty-three sites were chosen in the research area from October 2020 to April 2021 to evaluate emissions of heavy metals during two seasons (dry and wet). Spectrophotometer for atomic absorption was used to test heavy metal concentration (USA Phoenix-986). The findings of the study indicate that water levels were concentrated Cr>Ni >Fe>Co>Pb>Zn=Cd=Cu during the dry season and the wet season Cr>Fe>Pb>Co>Ni=Zn=Cd=Cu. HMPI and HMEI were both used to assess the level of water supply toxicity of heavy metals in the area of research. In Habbaniyah Lake water, several concentrations of heavy metals exceed the criteria for drinking and water life such as Co and Pb were exceed the allowed limits of WHO, CCME in the dry and wet seasons. The study area's human, agricultural and industrial activities and human population resulted in a rise in heavy element concentrations including Cr that surpassed the WHO, CCME, FAO, EPA, and IQS. The mean values of (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during dry and wet seasons were non-consistent in all stations. The average value of Ni was above water life limit during the dry season. The average values of CD, HMPI, and HMEI during the wet season were 20.8984, 57.8248 and 24.8977 and in the dry season were 17.3745, 61.8769, and 22.3747 respectively. Results indicate that HL is highly contaminated with HMs according to national and international guidelines, (CD), (HMPI) and (HMEI) indices pointed that HL water quality was bad. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to estimate the pollution sources, results show that, pollution are originated from multiple sources, anthropogenic sources are major pollution sources while lithogenic is minor pollution sources, anthropogenic origin, which is mostly due to the wastewater point sources on Warrar stream.

Biomonitoring of atmospheric heavy metals pollution using dust deposited on date palm leaves in southwestern Iran

Atmósfera ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Naderizadeh ◽  
Hossein Khademi ◽  
Shamsollah Ayoubi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Southwestern Iran

Heavy metals in dust are causing health problems in humans and other organisms. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) the concentrations and the sources of heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Ni, Cr, Co and Mn, and (2) the contamination levels of metals in the dust of Bushehr (an urban area) and Assaluyeh (an industrial area) located in the province of Bushehr, southwestern Iran. Also, the transect between the two cities was investigated as a non-urban area. Fifty dust samples deposited on date palm leaves and 50 surface soil samples were collected. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in dust from the three areas were found to be higher than those of the nearby soils except for Co in Assaluyeh and Pb in Bushehr. Zn, Cu and Pb concentrations in dust samples from industrial and urban areas were higher than those in samples taken from the non-urban area. The results indicated minimal pollution levels of Mn, Fe and Cr, minimal to moderate levels of Co, moderate levels of Ni, moderate to significant levels of Cu, significant levels of Zn, and significant to very high levels of Pb in dust. The two main sources of different heavy metals in atmospheric dust deposited on date palm leaves were identified based on principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Zn, Cu, and Pb seem to have anthropogenicsources, whereas Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, and Mn in atmospheric dust presumably derive from non-anthropogenic sources.In general, the implementation of environmental standards and improvement of the public transportation system are required to reduce the hazardous pollutants released into the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Heavy metal concentrations in the sediment profiles of the anthropogenically transformed plociduga reservoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Skwierawski ◽  
Marcin Sidoruk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Residential Housing ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Bottom Deposits ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the level of contamination of the bottom deposits in the former lake Plociduga in Olsztyn by selected heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd). Today Plociduga is a transformed wetland ecosystem, surrounded by urbanized areas (residential housing, industrial development). The main point sources of pollution are the outlets of two storm water drains. The study was conducted in 2009. Samples of bottom deposit cores were collected in two separate parts (northern and southern) of the former lake. The study revealed very high concentrations of lead, zinc and chromium in the uppermost layer of the sediments in the part of the ecosystem fed by rainwater. The concentrations of the analyzed elements were substantially lower in deeper sediment layers and in the samples collected in the southern part of the ecosystem, not exposed to the direct pollutant inflow. The accumulation of heavy metals in the surface layers of bottom deposits is indicative of the poor ecological condition of the investigated ecosystem and increased human pressure resulting from progressive urbanization.

scholarly journals Determination And Statistical Analysis of Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals In Kosovo. A Moss Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flamur Sopaj ◽  
Trajče Stafilov ◽  
Robert Šajn ◽  
Krste Tašev ◽  
Musaj Paçarizi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Contamination Levels

Abstract Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals on the territory of Kosovo was studied using the already widely used technique of mosses as biomonitors. This method is very convenient as it uses natural samples and thus avoids many difficulties associated with artificial samplers. Eight heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 45 moss samples. Statistical analysis was performed to better present and explain the data. High concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni were found near industrial sites and in more densely populated areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified more polluted sites such as Zveqan, Stanterg, Prapashticë, Siboc, and Lupç. It was also found that Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni are the heavy metals that affect these polluted sites the most. High contents of Cd were found in Kaçanik and Paldemicë, Te Kalaja, Çikatovë, and Shalc, all sampling points found around industrial sights. The contamination factor (CF) and the polluted load index (PLI) were calculated. CF showed that only Cu, and Zn, had no or almost no contamination levels over the range of moss samples, while Cd and mainly Pb gave extremely high values for CF, indicating extreme contamination levels. The pollution load index also showed that only a few samples were slightly polluted, while most samples showed considerable and very high pollution levels.

Contamination of sediments in Varna Lake and Varna Bay

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Shtereva ◽  
B.S. Dzhurova ◽  
T.S. Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Many Sources

Varna Bay is one of the hot spots along the Black Sea coastal zone. Its ecological state is strongly influenced by the connection with the Varna Lake. Along the lake coast are located many sources of pollution such as rivers, ports, chemical industry, WWTPs. The shipping is another pressure on the environment. The study was carried out in the western part of the Varna Lake and Varna Bay. The following parameters: heavy metals, polichlorinated biphenyls, chlororganic pesticides, phenols, petroleum hydrocarbons were analysed in sediments. The high content of the last one is indicative for an extremely unfavourable long-year exploitation of the lake as a water route. The metals concentration in lakes sediments shows the influence of anthropogenic inputs. Comparative analysis of the sediments shows higher concentrations of contaminants in Varna Lake. and near the ports. As a consequence of the worsened state of the bottom a very poor benthic community characterizes a part of the investigated area in the lake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatial Variability of Heavy Metals in Metropolitan Zone of Toluca Valley, Mexico, Using the Biomonitoring Technique in Mosses and TXRF Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Zarazúa-Ortega ◽  
Josefina Poblano-Bata ◽  
Samuel Tejeda-Vega ◽  
Pedro Ávila-Pérez ◽  
Carmen Zepeda-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
High Enrichment ◽  
Toluca Valley ◽  
Combustion Monitoring ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Metropolitan Zone

This study is aimed at assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy metals using the epiphytic moss generaFabronia ciliariscollected from six urban sites in the Metropolitan Zone of the Toluca Valley in Mexico. The concentrations of K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Pb were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique. Results show that the average metal concentration decrease in the following order: Fe (8207 mg/Kg) > Ca (7315 mg/Kg) > K (3842 mg/Kg) > Ti (387 mg/Kg) > Mn, Zn (191 mg/Kg) > Sr (71 mg/Kg) > Pb (59 mg/Kg) > Cu, V (32 mg/Kg) > Cr (24 mg/Kg) > Rb (13 mg/Kg) > Ni (10 mg/Kg). Enrichment factors show a high enrichment for Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb which provides an evidence of anthropogenic impact in the industrial and urban areas, mainly due to the intense vehicular traffic and the fossil fuel combustion. Monitoring techniques in mosses have proved to be a powerful tool for determining the deposition of heavy metals coming from diverse point sources of pollution.

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