scholarly journals The Effects of Lycopene and Insulin on Histological Changes and the Expression Level of Bcl-2 Family Genes in the Hippocampus of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoume Soleymaninejad ◽  
Seyed Gholamali Joursaraei ◽  
Farideh Feizi ◽  
Iraj Jafari Anarkooli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group D

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of antioxidants lycopene and insulin on histological changes and expression of Bcl-2 family genes in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups of control (C), control treated with lycopene (CL), diabetic (D), diabetic treated with insulin (DI), diabetic treated with lycopene (DL), and diabetic treated with insulin and lycopene (DIL). Diabetes was induced by an injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, IP), lycopene (4 mg/kg/day) was given to the lycopene treated groups as gavages, and insulin (Sc, 1-2 U/kg/day) was injected to the groups treated with insulin. The number of hippocampus neurons undergoing cell death in group D had significant differences with groups C and DIL (p<0.001). Furthermore, insulin and lycopene alone or together reduced the expression of Bax, but increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels in DI, DL, and DIL rats, especially when compared to group D (p<0.001). The ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bax/Bcl-xL in DI, DL, and DIL rats were also reduced (p<0.001). Our results indicate that treatment with insulin and/or lycopene contribute to the prevention of cell death by reducing the expression of proapoptotic genes and increasing the expression of antiapoptotic genes in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Anti-Diabetic Effects of the Ethyl-Acetate Fraction of Trichilia catigua in Streptozo-tocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Mello Gomes ◽  
Luis Fernando de Paulo ◽  
Cynthia Priscilla do Nascimento Bonato Panizzon ◽  
Camila Quaglio Neves ◽  
Bruna Colombo Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Pancreas Morphology ◽  
Group D

Background/Aims: Trichilia catigua A. Juss., known as “catuaba” in Brazil, has been popularly used as a tonic for fatigue, impotence and memory deficits. Previously, our group demonstrated that the ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of T. catigua has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study evaluated the anti-diabetic activity of EAF in type 1 diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (N: non-diabetic group, D: type 1 diabetic group, NC: non-diabetic + EAF group and DC: type 1 diabetic + EAF group). The latter two groups were treated with 200 mg/kg EAF. Type 1 diabetes was induced by intravenous streptozotocin (STZ) injection (35 mg/kg). Starting two days after STZ injection, EAF was administered daily by gavage for 8 weeks. Results: EAF attenuated body mass loss and reduced food and water intake. EAF improved hyperglycaemia and other biochemical parameters, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, the number of pancreatic β-cells and the size of the islets had increased by β-cell proliferation in the DC group. EAF promoted reduction in kidney tissue damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats by reduction of renal fibrosis. Conclusion: The present study showed that EAF improves glucose homeostasis and endocrine pancreas morphology and inhibits the development of diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Effect of l-glutamine on myenteric neuron and of the mucous of the ileum of diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELEANDRO A. TRONCHINI ◽  
ALINE R. TREVIZAN ◽  
CRISTIANO M. TASHIMA ◽  
PRISCILA DE FREITAS ◽  
ROBERTO B. BAZOTTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Group D ◽  
Similar Depth ◽  
Diabetes Induction

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the L-glutamine supplementation to prevent - diabetes induced changes in myenteric neurons and also to verify the effect on the mucosa of the ileum of Wistar rats. The animals were divided in five groups (n = 5): untreated normoglycaemic (UN), normoglycaemic treated with L-glutamine (NG), untreated diabetics (UD), diabetics treated with L-glutamine, starting on the 4th (DG4) or 45th day following diabetes induction (DG45). The amino acid was added to the diet at 1%. The density and size of neurons, the metaphasic index in the crypt, the height of the villus, the depth of the crypt and the number of globet cells were determined. There was no difference in the neuronal density and in the cellular body area of the myosin-stained myenteric neurons of groups DG4 and DG45 when compared to group D. The metaphase index and the number of goblet cells showed no significant differences when all groups were compared (P > 0.05). The villi height of groups DG4 and DG45 were 45.5% (P < 0.05) and 32.4% (P > 0.05) higher than those in group UD, respectively. The analyzed crypts showed similar depth for all studied groups.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Insulin and Natural Honey against Hippocampal Cell Death in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Jafari Anarkooli ◽  
Hossein Barzegar Ganji ◽  
Maryam Pourheidar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hippocampal Cell ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group D

We investigated the effects of insulin and honey as antioxidants to prevent the hippocampal cell death in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We selected sixty Wister rats (5 groups of 12 animals each), including the control group (C), and four diabetic groups (control (D) and 3 groups treated with insulin (I), honey (H), and insulin plus honey (I + H)). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (IP, 60 mg/kg). Six weeks after the induction of diabetes, the group I received insulin (3-4 U/kg/day, SC), group H received honey (5 mg/kg/day, IP), and group I + H received a combination of the above at the same dose. Groups C and D received normal saline. Two weeks after treatment, rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus was extracted. Neuronal cell death in the hippocampal region was examined using trypan blue assay, “H & E” staining, and TUNEL assay. Cell viability assessment showed significantly lower number of living cells in group D than in group C. Besides, the mean number of living cells was significantly higher in group I, H, and I + H compared to group D. Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment of the diabetic rats with insulin, honey, and a combination of insulin and honey can prevent neuronal cell death in different hippocampal areas of the studied samples.

Renoprotective Effects of Combined Aliskiren and Valsartan in Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276-1286
Author(s):  
Vidya Sagar Jenugu ◽  
Hemanth Kumar Nyathani ◽  
Prashanth Srirangam ◽  
Krishna Mohan Chinnala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Direct Renin Inhibitor ◽  
Histopathological Studies

 Renin angiotensin system plays a major role in the pathology of progressive Diabetic Nephropathy. In the present study, the renoprotective effects of low dose combined novel direct renin inhibitor-aliskiren and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB)-valsartan were estimated and compared with monotherapy in wistar rats.  Rats were divided into 5 groups: control, diabetic control, diabetic rats treated with aliskiren (10 mg/kg/day), valsartan (20 mg/kg/day) and combination of aliskiren and valsartan (5 mg/kg/day, 10mg/kg/day respectively). Clinical characteristics like proteinuria, serum creatinine and renal histopathological studies like glomerulosclrotic index, tubulointerstitial fibrosis were estimated and compared between all diabetic rats. Results showed that combination therapy of aliskiren and valsartan was more effective than the monotherapy in progressive diabetic nephropathy. 

scholarly journals Ginseng Extracts, GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, Prevent Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption and Thereby Inhibit Apoptotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Neurons in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Jee Youn Lee ◽  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Hae Young Choi ◽  
Tae Young Yune
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is known to be linked to the impairment of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity following neuronal cell death. Here, we investigated whether GS-KG9 and GS-E3D, bioactive ginseng extracts from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer), inhibit BBB disruption following neuronal death in the hippocampus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showing type 1-like diabetes mellitus. GS-KG9 and GS-E3D (50, 150, or 300 mg/kg, twice a day for 4 weeks) administered orally showed antihyperglycemic activity in a dose-dependent manner and significantly attenuated the increase in BBB permeability and loss of tight junction proteins. GS-KG9 and GS-E3D also inhibited the expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the infiltration of macrophages into the brain parenchyma, especially into the hippocampal region. In addition, microglia and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus and the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as tnf-α, Il-1β, IL-6, cox-2, and inos were markedly alleviated in GS-KG9 and GS-E3D-treated group. Furthermore, apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons, especially in CA1 region, was significantly reduced in GS-KG9 and GS-E3D-treated groups as compared to vehicle control. These results suggest that GS-KG9 and GS-E3D effectively prevent apoptotic cell death of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting BBB disruption and may be a potential therapy for the treatment of diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Benidipine Protects Kidney through Inhibiting ROCK1 Activity and Reducing the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganlin Wu ◽  
Meirong Xu ◽  
Kui Xu ◽  
Yilan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Group D ◽  
E Cadherin

We investigated the protective effect of benidipine, by testing the changes of the activity of Rho kinase and transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelium cellsin vivo. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal (N) and diabetes. STZ were used to make the rats type 1 diabetic and were randomly assigned as diabetes without treatment (D), diabetes treated with benidipine (B), and diabetes treated with fasudil (F) and treated for 3 months. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were for protein expressions of ROCK1,α-SMA, and E-cadherin and real-time PCR for the mRNA quantification of ROCK1. Compared with N group, D group had significant proliferation of glomerular mesangial matrix, increased cell number, thickened basement membrane, widely infiltrated by inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the renal interstitial, and dilated tubular. Those presentations in F and B groups were milder. Compared with N group, D group showed elevated MYPT1 phosphorylation, increased expression of ROCK1,α-SMA protein, and ROCK1 mRNA and decreased expression of E-cadherin protein. B group showed attenuated MYPT1 phosphorylation, decreased ROCK1,α-SMA protein, and ROCK1 mRNA expression and increased expression of E-cadherin protein. In conclusion, benidipine reduces the epithelium-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney by inhibiting ROCK1 activity.

scholarly journals Osteoprotective Effects of ‘Anti-Diabetic’ Polyherbal Mixture in Type 1 Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-272
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Petrović ◽  
Višnja Madić ◽  
Marina Jušković ◽  
Ljubiša Đorđević ◽  
Perica Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Healthy Animal ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

Abstract Bone loss leading to osteopenia and osteoporosis is a frequent secondary complication of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the value of a traditionally used ‘anti-diabetic’ polyherbal mixture as a possible remedy for the prevention of this complication. Diabetes was induced in Wistar female rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. The animals with blood glucose higher than 20 mmol/L for 14 consecutive days were considered diabetic. For the next 14 days, animals were treated with two concentrations of the polyherbal mixture (10 and 20 g of dry plant material/ kg). Bone histopathology was evaluated using the H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining. Alloxan-induced diabetes triggered bone histological changes characteristic for the development of osteopenia and osteoporosis and treatment with the polyherbal decoction restored these histopathological changes of the bones to the healthy animal level. At the same time, treatment with these tested doses has shown no adverse effects. These findings suggest that this mixture might be used as a remedy for the prevention of diabetic bone loss.

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