scholarly journals Urine-Derived Stem Cells: The Present and the Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Ji ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Junmei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Culture Cell ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
The Future ◽  
Proliferation Ability

Stem cell research provides promising strategies in improving healthcare for human beings. As a noninvasively obtained and easy-to-culture cell resource with relatively low expense, urine-derived stem cells have special advantages. They have been extensively studied on its proliferation ability and differentiation potential and were being reprogrammed to model diseases during the last decade. In this review, we intend to summarize the latest progress on the research of urine-derived stem cells for its broad application mainly in regenerative medicine and disease modeling, as well as in what is challenging currently. This minireview will highlight the potential application of urine-derived stem cells and provides possible direction of further research in the future.

scholarly journals Impact of Graphene Derivatives as Artificial Extracellular Matrices on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Rabia Ikram ◽  
Shamsul Azlin Ahmad Shamsuddin ◽  
Badrul Mohamed Jan ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Qadir ◽  
George Kenanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Potential Applicability

Thanks to stem cells’ capability to differentiate into multiple cell types, damaged human tissues and organs can be rapidly well-repaired. Therefore, their applicability in the emerging field of regenerative medicine can be further expanded, serving as a promising multifunctional tool for tissue engineering, treatments for various diseases, and other biomedical applications as well. However, the differentiation and survival of the stem cells into specific lineages is crucial to be exclusively controlled. In this frame, growth factors and chemical agents are utilized to stimulate and adjust proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells, although challenges related with degradation, side effects, and high cost should be overcome. Owing to their unique physicochemical and biological properties, graphene-based nanomaterials have been widely used as scaffolds to manipulate stem cell growth and differentiation potential. Herein, we provide the most recent research progress in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) growth, differentiation and function utilizing graphene derivatives as extracellular scaffolds. The interaction of graphene derivatives in human and rat MSCs has been also evaluated. Graphene-based nanomaterials are biocompatible, exhibiting a great potential applicability in stem-cell-mediated regenerative medicine as they may promote the behaviour control of the stem cells. Finally, the challenges, prospects and future trends in the field are discussed.

scholarly journals A Mini Review Focused on the Recent Applications of Graphene Oxide in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Halim ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Yang Ju ◽  
Guanbin Song
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to any types of cells in our body. Hence, they have been utilized for various applications such as drug testing and disease modeling. However, for the successful of those applications, the survival and differentiation of stem cells into specialized lineages should be well controlled. Growth factors and chemical agents are the most common signals to promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. However, those approaches holds several drawbacks such as the negative side effects, degradation or denaturation, and expensive. To address such limitations, nanomaterials have been recently used as a better approach for controlling stem cells behaviors. Graphene oxide is the derivative of graphene, the first 2D materials in the world. Recently, due to its extraordinary properties and great biological effects on stem cells, many scientists around the world have utilized graphene oxide to enhance the differentiation potential of stem cells. In this mini review, we highlight the key advances about the effects of graphene oxide on controlling stem cell growth and various types of stem cell differentiation. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of graphene oxide in controlling stem cell growth and differentiation.

scholarly journals A Mini Review Focused on the Recent Applications of Graphene Oxide in Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Halim ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Yang Ju ◽  
Guanbin Song
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to any types of cells in our body. Hence, they have been utilized for various applications, such as drug testing and disease modeling. However, for the successful of those applications, the survival and differentiation of stem cells into specialized lineages should be well controlled. Growth factors and chemical agents are the most common signals to promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. However, those approaches holds several drawbacks such as the negative side effects, degradation or denaturation, and expensive. To address such limitations, nanomaterials have been recently used as a better approach for controlling stem cells behaviors. Graphene oxide is the derivative of graphene, the first two-dimensional (2D) materials in the world. Recently, due to its extraordinary properties and great biological effects on stem cells, many scientists around the world have utilized graphene oxide to enhance the differentiation potential of stem cells. In this mini review, we highlight the key advances about the effects of graphene oxide on controlling stem cell growth and various types of stem cell differentiation. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of graphene oxide in controlling stem cell growth and differentiation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Blood-Derived Products on the Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Originated from Three Different Locations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Neubauer ◽  
Olga Kuten ◽  
Christoph Stotter ◽  
Karina Kramer ◽  
Andrea De Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Lower Blood

Background. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) from fat tissue considered “surgical waste” during joint surgery may provide a potent source for regenerative medicine. Intra-articular, homologous fat tissue (Hoffa’s fat pad, pouch fat) might possess a superior chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential in comparison to extra-articular, nonhomologous fat. Blood products might further enhance this potential. Methods. AD-MSCs were isolated from fat tissue of 3 donors from 3 locations each, during total knee replacement. Isolated cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. Cells were supplemented with blood products: two types of platelet-rich plasma (EPRP—PRP prepared in the presence of EDTA; CPRP—PRP prepared in the presence of citrate), hyperacute serum (hypACT), and standard fetal calf serum (FCS) as a positive control. The viability of the cells was determined by XTT assay, and the progress of differentiation was tested via histological staining and monitoring of specific gene expression. Results. Blood products enhance ex vivo cell metabolism. Chondrogenesis is enhanced by EDTA-PRP and osteogenesis by citrate PRP, whereas hyperacute serum enhances both differentiations comparably. This finding was consistent in histological analysis as well as in gene expression. Lower blood product concentrations and shorter differentiation periods lead to superior histological results for chondrogenesis. Both PRP types had a different biological effect depending upon concentration, whereas hyperacute serum seemed to have a more consistent effect, independent of the used concentration. Conclusion. (i) Blood product preparation method, (ii) type of anticoagulant, (iii) differentiation time, and (iv) blood product concentration have a significant influence on stem cell viability and the differentiation potential, favouring no use of anticoagulation, shorter differentiation time, and lower blood product concentrations. Cell-free blood products like hyperacute serum may be considered as an alternative supplementation in regenerative medicine, especially for stem cell therapies.

scholarly journals Laser-Based Propagation of Human iPS and ES Cells Generates Reproducible Cultures with Enhanced Differentiation Potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi A. Hohenstein Elliott ◽  
Cory Peterson ◽  
Anuradha Soundararajan ◽  
Natalia Kan ◽  
Brandon Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Human Escs ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Mechanical Devices

Proper maintenance of stem cells is essential for successful utilization of ESCs/iPSCs as tools in developmental and drug discovery studies and in regenerative medicine. Standardization is critical for all future applications of stem cells and necessary to fully understand their potential. This study reports a novel approach for the efficient, consistent expansion of human ESCs and iPSCs using laser sectioning, instead of mechanical devices or enzymes, to divide cultures into defined size clumps for propagation. Laser-mediated propagation maintained the pluripotency, quality, and genetic stability of ESCs/iPSCs and led to enhanced differentiation potential. This approach removes the variability associated with ESC/iPSC propagation, significantly reduces the expertise, labor, and time associated with manual passaging techniques and provides the basis for scalable delivery of standardized ESC/iPSC lines. Adoption of standardized protocols would allow researchers to understand the role of genetics, environment, and/or procedural effects on stem cells and would ensure reproducible production of stem cell cultures for use in clinical/therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals A New Predictive Technology for Perinatal Stem Cell Isolation Suited for Cell Therapy Approaches

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Silvia Zia ◽  
Giulia Martini ◽  
Valeria Pizzuti ◽  
Alessia Maggio ◽  
Giuliana Simonazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cell Isolation ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Proliferation Ability ◽  
Stem Cell Isolation

The use of stem cells for regenerative applications and immunomodulatory effect is increasing. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) possess embryonic-like proliferation ability and multipotent differentiation potential. Despite the simple isolation procedure, inter-individual variability and different isolation steps can cause differences in isolation yield and cell proliferation ability, compromising reproducibility observations among centers and further applications. We investigated the use of a new technology as a diagnostic tool for quality control on stem cell isolation. The instrument label-free separates cells based on their physical characteristics and, thanks to a micro-camera, generates a live fractogram, the fingerprint of the sample. Eight amniotic membranes were processed by trypsin enzymatic treatment and immediately analysed. Two types of profile were generated: a monomodal and a bimodal curve. The first one represented the unsuccessful isolation with all recovered cell not attaching to the plate; while for the second type, the isolation process was successful, but we discovered that only cells in the second peak were alive and resulted adherent. We optimized a Quality Control (QC) method to define the success of AEC isolation using the fractogram generated. This predictive outcome is an interesting tool for laboratories and cell banks that isolate and cryopreserve fetal annex stem cells for research and future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Relevance of Oxygen Concentration in Stem Cell Culture for Regenerative Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Mas-Bargues ◽  
Jorge Sanz-Ros ◽  
Aurora Román-Domínguez ◽  
Marta Inglés ◽  
Lucia Gimeno-Mallench ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Therapy Success

The key hallmark of stem cells is their ability to self-renew while keeping a differentiation potential. Intrinsic and extrinsic cell factors may contribute to a decline in these stem cell properties, and this is of the most importance when culturing them. One of these factors is oxygen concentration, which has been closely linked to the maintenance of stemness. The widely used environmental 21% O2 concentration represents a hyperoxic non-physiological condition, which can impair stem cell behaviour by many mechanisms. The goal of this review is to understand these mechanisms underlying the oxygen signalling pathways and their negatively-associated consequences. This may provide a rationale for culturing stem cells under physiological oxygen concentration for stem cell therapy success, in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular imaging for stem cell tracking in neurological diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000408
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Yang ◽  
De-Cai Tian ◽  
Wenyan He ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Junwan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Proliferation Ability

Stem cells (SCs) are cells with strong proliferation ability, multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. SC transplantation represents an important therapeutic advancement for the treatment strategy of neurological diseases, both in the preclinical experimental and clinical settings. Innovative and breakthrough SC labelling and tracking technologies are widely used to monitor the distribution and viability of transplanted cells non-invasively and longitudinally. Here we summarised the research progress of the main tracers, labelling methods and imaging technologies involved in current SC tracking technologies for various neurological diseases. Finally, the applications, challenges and unresolved problems of current SC tracing technologies were discussed.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of Stem Cells: Why and How Patients' Own Adult Stem Cells Are the Next Generation of Medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckhard U. Alt ◽  
Christoph Schmitz ◽  
Xiaowen Bai
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Resident Stem Cells ◽  
New Generation

Various tissue resident stem cells are receiving attention from basic scientists and clinicians as they hold certain promise for regenerative medicine. This paper is intended to clarify and facilitate the understanding, development and adoption of regenerative medicine in general and specifically of therapies based on unmodified, autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs). To this end, results of landmark experiments on stem cells and stem cell therapy performed in the labs of the authors are summarized, the most intriguing of which are the following: (i) vascular associated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from different organs (adipose tissue, heart, skin, bone marrow and skeletal muscle) and differentiated into ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, providing significant support for the hypothesis of the existence of a small, ubiquitously distributed, universal vascular associated stem cell with full pluripotency; (ii) the orientation and differentiation of MSCs are driven by signals of the respective microenvironment; and (iii) these stem cells irrespective of the tissue origin exhibit full pluripotent differentiation potential without any prior genetic modification or the need for culturing. They can be obtained from a small amount of adipose tissue when using the appropriate technology for isolating the cells, and can be harvested from and re-applied to the same patient at the point of care without the need for complicated processing, manipulation, culturing, expensive equipment, or repeat interventions. These findings demonstrate the potential of UA-ADRCs for triggering the development of an entire new generation of medicine for the benefit of patients and of healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Human Supernumerary Teeth-Derived Apical Papillary Stem Cells Possess Preferable Characteristics and Efficacy on Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yao ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Leisheng Zhang ◽  
Jiali Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Dental tissue has been acknowledged as an advantaged source for high-quality dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) preparation. However, despite the accomplishment of the separation of DPSCs from permanent teeth and supernumerary teeth, the deficiency of rigorous and systematic clarification on the signatures and efficacy will hinder their prospects in regenerative medicine. In this study, we primitively isolated permanent teeth-derived DPSCs and supernumerary teeth-derived apical papillary stem cells (SCAP-Ss) with parental consent. Immunophenotype of DPSCs and SCAP-Ss was determined by a flow cytometry assay, and the cell viability was verified by multidimensional detections including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and senescence. The migration and clonogenic capacity were examined by a wound healing test and crystal violet staining, respectively. The multilineage differentiation potential was quantitated by utilizing Oil Red O staining and Alizarin Red staining, together with real-time PCR analysis. The efficacy on a mouse hepatic fibrosis model was evaluated by using histologic sections and liver function tests. Herein, we showed that SCAP-Ss exhibited comparable immunophenotype and adipogenic differentiation capacity as DPSCs. However, different from DPSCs, SCAP-Ss exhibited superiority in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation. Simultaneously, injection of DPSCs and SCAP-Ss significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration, enhanced liver-associated gene expression, and finally relieved symptoms of hepatic fibrosis. In conclusion, SCAP-Ss possess preferable characteristics and efficacy on hepatic fibrosis in mice. Our findings suggest that SCAP-Ss are an easily accessible postnatal stem cell source with multifaceted characteristics for regenerative medicine.

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