scholarly journals The Bacteriological Quality, Safety, and Antibiogram ofSalmonellaIsolates from Fresh Meat in Retail Shops of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamnesh Azage ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fresh Meat

The habit of raw meat consumption in addition to the poor hygienic standards and lack of knowledge contribute to food-borne diseases outbreaks. The objective of this research was to assess the bacterial quality and safety of fresh meat from retail Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. A total of 30 fresh meat samples were collected from butcher shops. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate and enumerate bacteria. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofSalmonellaisolates. The mean counts of AMB, TC, andS. aureuswere log104.53, 3.97, and 3.88 log10cfu/g, respectively.Salmonellawas isolated from 21 (70%) of the samples.Salmonellaisolates in this study were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and norfloxacin while they were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline. High rate of multiple drug resistance was also noticed inSalmonellaisolates. The microbial loads of meat were above the recommended microbial safety limits. Besides this, the isolation rate ofSalmonellawas high and high levels of drug resistance were documented forSalmonellaisolates. Measures on handling and appropriate personal hygiene practices of workers in the retail shops are recommended to reduce the change of forborne disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Amplification of mecA gene in multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from hospital personnel

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad U. Khan ◽  
Ayesha Sultan ◽  
Anju Tyagi ◽  
Shazia Zahoor ◽  
Mohd Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
North India ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Background: Antibiotic resistance is common among bacterial pathogens associated with both community acquired and nosocomial infections. In view of the present problem of drug resistance we investigated the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and amplified the mecA gene in the isolates from the hand swabs of the hospital personnel. Methodology: The nuc gene was amplified to characterize these isolates at species level. The S. aureus isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to different classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The spot inoculation test was performed to detect methicillinase production in these isolates. Results: In the screened isolates of S. aureus, 14.2 and 15 kb of plasmids were present. These isolates showed pronounced resistance against β-lactam antibiotics including second- and third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolides and fluoroquinolone. Some of the isolates included in this study were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Expression of methicillinase was detected by spot inoculation test, and a few of the isolates were found to produce methicillinase. Moreover, mecA gene was also amplified. Of 17 isolates only 7 showed presence of mecA gene. Conclusion: This study highlights the emerging trend of multiple drug resistance in S. aureus strains isolated from hospital personnel working in a premier hospital in North India.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Vatalia ◽  
B.B. Bhanderi ◽  
V.R. Nimavat ◽  
M.K. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals is carried out using antibiotics. Treatment failure in mastitis is due to increased antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens and also due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against causal organisms. In comparison to cultural method, PCR assays takes less time for detection of bacteria from the mastitis milk samples. Present research work was carried out regarding isolation, identification and multiple drug resistance profile of clinical bovine mastitis associated pathogens using conventional as well as molecular approach. Methods: In the present study, 73 mastitis milk samples were collected from Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat. The milk samples were subjected for cultural isolation and DNA extraction for identification of bacteria by cultural and PCR method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates were carried by disc diffusion method and isolates were categorized in multiple drug resistant. Result: In the present study, Out of 73 mastitis milk samples collected from cows 48 (65.75%) cows were positive for bacterial isolation and S. aureus was the most predominant bacterial species. PCR from the mastitis milk additionally detected bacteria in culturally negative milk samples. Most sensitive drug was gentamicin and most of the isolates (90.19%) showed the multiple drug resistance for the two to nine drugs with 0.1 to 0.6 multiple antibiotic resistance index.

scholarly journals Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Septicemic Neonates with Special Reference to Extended Spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, Metallo β-lactamase Production and Multiple Drug Resistance in Tertiary Care Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali V Gajul ◽  
Shivajirao T Mohite ◽  
Smita S Mangalgi ◽  
Sanjay M Wavare ◽  
Satish V Kakade
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Method

ABSTRACT Background: β-lactamases viz., extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a serious concern about septicemic neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units due to high resistance against commonly used antimicrobials Purpose:To study the prevalence of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates in neonatal septicemia, to check antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs including tigecycline; and to assess burden of multiple drug resistance (MDR). Materials and Methods: Total 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from 318 blood samples of suspected cases of neonatal septicemia were studied. Isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk method, AmpC cefoxitin screen, and imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime disk screen respectively; and confirmation was done by CLSI phenotypic disk confirmatory test, AmpC sterile disk method, and imipenem ethylenediamine tetracetic acid double disk synergy test respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method. Efficacy of tigecycline was evaluated using United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: Of the 24 K. pneumoniae isolates, co-production of AmpC + MBL was found in more number of isolates (67%) (P < 0.0001) compared to single enzyme production (ESBL and MBL 8% both, AmpC 12.5%). Rate of resistance for penicillins and cephalosporins was highest. Susceptibility was more for imipenem, co-trimoxazole, and meropenem. Nonsusceptibility to tigecycline was low (21%). A total of 23 (96%) isolates were MDR. Conclusions: Routine detection of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL is required in laboratories. Carbapenems should be kept as a last resort drugs. Trend of tigecycline susceptibility has been noted in the study. Continued monitoring of susceptibility pattern is necessary to detect true burden of resistance for proper management.

scholarly journals oprD Genes Detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Teaching Hospital but Lost in a Carbapenem-Resistant Strain

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eucharia E. Nmema ◽  
Chioma S. Osuagwu ◽  
Eunice N. Anaele
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Aims: The aims of the study were to evaluate the multidrug resistance profile and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Study Design: A descriptive laboratory based study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, and Biotechnology Laboratory, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria, between June 2017 and November 2018. Methodology: Ten P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, and susceptibilities to imipenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg) and a panel of antibiotics were performed by the disk diffusion method. Genotypic methods including Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were carried out according to established protocols. oprD and blaIMP gene primers were used for the PCR amplification. Results: Fifty percent (50%) of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance. Four isolates (40%) were carbapenem resistant (CR). oprD gene was detectedin 90% (9/10) of the isolates. 75% (3/4) of CR strains were among the strains showing oprD gene. 25% (1/4) CR strain (PA1421) was oprD negative. Loss or mutation of oprD gene seems to be the mechanism of carbapenem resistance in strain PA1421. Conclusion: Loss or mutation of oprD gene was identified in this study as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance. oprD gene encodes the outer membrane protein (OprD) porin in P. aeruginosa whose deficiency confers resistance to carbapenems, especially imipenem. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa is of critical importance in understanding new and emerging resistance trends, reviewing antibiotic policies and informing therapeutic options.

scholarly journals Systematic Comparative Study of Selected Antibiotics and Sulphur/ Medicinal Plant Mediated Nano-particles against Non-Leguminous Endophytic Bacteria and Clinical Isolates

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Oludare Temitope Osuntokun ◽  
Owolabi Mutolib Bankole ◽  
Thonda Oluwakemi Abike ◽  
Omoyungbo Emmanuel Joy ◽  
Ajadi Fatima Adenike
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum

The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, therefore, there is a need for a systematic approach to the menace of resistant bacteria. Green synthesized nanoparticle (NPs) of medicinal plant based as become an alternative way out to total eradication of resistant microorganisms, Therefore, the search for new, effective bactericidal agents is imminent significantly, for combating drug resistance microorganism. This research work aims to isolate, identify and characterize endophytic bacteria from five non-leguminous plants, namely Carica papaya, Helianthus annuus, Talinum fruticosum, Phoenix dactylifera, and Solanum lycopersicum. The surface of the plants were sterilized, Isolation, characterization and identification using biochemical characterization of the endophytic bacteria were examined according to Bergey’s manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The sulfur/medicinal plant mediated Nanoparticle with and without Ocimum gratissimum were tested against the endophytic bacteria and selected clinical isolates, for their antimicrobial susceptibility test as described Kirby-Bauer Disc diffusion method. SNP1 was prepared from sodium thiosulfate penthahydrate, citric acid, with fresh leaves of O. gratissimum and characterized by using Shimadzu UV-VIS-NIR Spectrophotometer UV-3100 with a MPCF-3100 sample compartment while SNP2 was prepared using the same method but without O. gratissimum. The endophyte showed resistant to cephalosporin antibiotics family and SNP2, while all the endophytic bacteria were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), pefloxacin (100%). Streptococcus infectinalis and Cellumonas flavigena showed high susceptibility to sulfur/ plant nanoparticle mediated with Ocimum gratissimum extract (SNP1). The study showed that sulfur/medicinal plant mediated nanoparticle can be a promising antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic and multiple drug resistance bacteria including both clinical isolates, its uses and practice should be encouraged especially against multiple drug resistance bacteria.

scholarly journals Community-Acquired Pneumonia of Bacterial Etiology and the Spectrum of Pathogen Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Corona-Positive and Corona-Negative Patients in Rostov-on-Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
N. V. Pavlovich ◽  
М. V. Tsymbalistova ◽  
N. V. Aronova ◽  
A. S. Anisimova ◽  
S. О. Vodopyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
High Degree

Relevance. In the context of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus infection, the course of viral pneumonia is often complicated by the addition of bacterial microflora due to a decrease in the body's immune status. The causative agents of such a co-infection can exhibit multiple drug resistance, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of etiotropic therapy. In this regard, it seems expedient to provide microbiological support to patients in order to select the most optimal treatment regimens. Aim. To study the composition of bacterial pathogens’ species, that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in corona-positive (COVID-19+) and corona-negative (COVID-19–) patients and to determine the spectrum of their sensitivity/resistance to antibacterial drugs. Material and methods. The species composition of microorganisms in sputum samples from 723 patients with CAP, who were admitted from the healthcare facility in Rostov-on-Don in August and December 2020 were studied. The isolated cultures were identified using bacteriological and mass spectrometric methods. The sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. Results. It was shown that in August pneumococci and  staphylococci prevailed in the spectrum of CAP pathogens, while in December the percentage of excretions of Acinetobacter spp. and S. haemolyticus increased. Various types of p. Candida yeast were found with a high degree of isolation, COVID-19 + patients showed a tendency towards greater contamination (I104 mcl/ml). Some pathogens (A.baumannii, S.haemolyticus, P.aeruginosa, S.maltophilia) are characterized by polydrug resistance, and some strains of these species are pan-resistant to all groups of antibiotics. Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate that severe forms of community-acquired pneumonia can be caused by viral-bacterial and viral-bacterial-yeast combinations of pathogens, including bacteria with a narrow spectrum of sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. 

scholarly journals Prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL and AmpC β -lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from UTIs in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtisam S. Mohamed ◽  
Rasha M. M. Khairy ◽  
Soha S. Abdelrahim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Producers ◽  
Low Rate

Abstract Background Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae are mainly treated with the β-lactam antibiotics, nevertheless, the emergence of species with plasmid-borne β-lactamases has decreased the efficacy of these antibiotics. Therefore, continuing studies on the resistance pattern of different regions is important for assessment of proper antimicrobial therapy protocols. The study aimed to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β –lactamase (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from community-acquired UTIs in Egypt. Methods Out of 705 urine samples, 440 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were investigated to detect ESBL and AmpC β -lactamases producers by phenotypic and molecular methods. Results Out of 440 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 311 were identified as ESBL producers by phenotypic testing. ESBL genes were detected in 308 isolates. BlaCTX-M-type was the most prevalent 254 (81.6%), out of them blaCTXM-15 was the commonest (152, 48.8%) followed by blaCTX-M-1 (140, 45%), blaCTX-M-8 (72, 23.1%) and lastly blaCTX-M-2 (4, 1.3%). blaTEM gene also was detected in a high rate (189, 60.7%). Two hundred and thirty-five (75.5%) of ESBL producers harbored blaCTX-M in combination with blaTEM and/or blaSHV genes. Multiple drug resistance in the ESBL-producers was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in non–ESBL producers. Imipenem was the most effective drug against ESBL producers. Among 35 cefoxitin resistant isolates, 18 (51.4%) identified as carrying AmpC genes by multiplex PCR. Within AmpC β -lactamase genes, DHA gene was the predominant gene (15, 42.3%). CIT and MOX genes were also present, but in a low rate (5, 14.2% and 4, 11.4%) respectively. Co-existence of multiple AmpC genes was detected exclusively in K. pneumoniae isolates. E. coli isolates harbored DHA gene only. However, FOX gene was not detected in the study isolates. Seventeen of isolates carrying AmpC genes were also positive for ESBL genes. Conclusion The study shows that the prevalence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae spread in south Egypt is alarming, however AmpC β -lactamase production is not so high.

Prevalence, Serovars, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Cecal Samples of Chickens Slaughtered in Pluck Shops in Trinidad

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1560-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
NITU KUMAR ◽  
KRISHNA MOHAN ◽  
KARLA GEORGES ◽  
FRANCIS DZIVA ◽  
ABIODUN A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and zonal distribution of Salmonella serotypes in poultry and to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella isolates. A total of 1,503 cecal samples of poultry were randomly collected from 33 pluck shops across Trinidad. Isolation and identification of Salmonella followed standard methods, and the disk diffusion method was used to determine resistance of isolates to 14 antimicrobial agents. Ninety-one (6.1%) of the 1,503 samples collected from four zones were positive for Salmonella. The frequency of isolation of Salmonella from chicken ceca (6.5%) was higher than that detected in duck ceca (5.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05). Ten serotypes were detected, with Salmonella Molade, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica I, and Salmonella Typhimurium the most prevalent at 56.0, 11.0, and 8.8%, respectively. The highest frequency of isolation of Salmonella was recorded in the northeast zone (59.3%). All 91 isolates exhibited resistance to at least 1 of the 14 antimicrobial agents. The highest frequency of resistance was exhibited to ampicillin (51.0%), kanamycin (49.5%), and streptomycin (37.4%). A total of 22 resistance patterns were exhibited by the 91 isolates of Salmonella, and 13 isolates (14.3%) exhibited multiple drug resistance. The results emphasize the need to implement hygienic practices to reduce the levels of contamination at poultry pluck shops and the need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in the poultry production system in Trinidad.

scholarly journals Isolation of a 29.5 kb Plasmid conferring Multiple Drug Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Shahanara Begum ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmed ◽  
Faisal Alam ◽  
M Samsuzzaman ◽  
Parvez Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Bacterial Strain

Context: Worldwide emergence of plasmid mediated multi drug resistant bacterial strain is a growing concern, especially in hospital infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Relation of plasmid and drug resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa by curing and transformation experiments is scanty.Objectives: To isolate, purify and characterize plasmid DNA harbored in a selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain encoding multiple drug resistance and to perform transformation of the isolated plasmid into a sensitive strain of Escherichia coli LE 392 to judge transformation potential of the donor P. aeruginosa strain. Materials and Methods: Plasmid DNA was isolated from a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of P. aeruginosa obtained from swab of a hospitalized burn patient by mini-scale method. DNA was purified, quantitatively estimated and electrophoresed on 0.8% agarose gel. Transformation was done as per Cohen and co-workers using plasmid DNA isolated from MDR P. aeruginosa strain as the donor and the E. coli LE 392 strain. The presence of plasmid in transformants checked through electrophoresis and the transformants was also tested for each drug resistance already recorded for the donor strain by disc diffusion method and again confirmed by spreading its culture on the selected antibiotic plate of different concentrations. Results: A single plasmid of nearly 29.5 kb mass was isolated from MDR P. aeruginosa strain from clinical swab. This plasmid was transferred into sensitive and plasmid lacking recipient E. coli LE 392. Subsequent experiments on the transformed strain revealed that it acquired MDR and harbored a 29.5 kb plasmid which resembled to that of the donor strain proving that it encodes transferable MDR.Conclusion: The MDR P. aeruginosa strain contained a transferable plasmid conferring resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Multidrug–resistance; plasmid isolation; transformation. DOI: 10.3329/jbs.v17i0.7113J. bio-sci. 17: 95-100, 2009

High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Enterococcus Faecalis and Enterococcus Faecium; as a Serious Threat in Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Khodabandeh ◽  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi ◽  
Meysam Hasannejad-Bibalan ◽  
Mehrdad Gholami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Aminoglycoside Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Encoding Genes

Aims and Objectives: The present work aimed to evaluate the frequency of aminoglycoside- modifying enzymes encoding genes in the E. faecalis and E. faecium and their antibiotic resistance profile. Methods: A total of 305 different clinical samples were subjected for identification and antibiotic susceptibility test. The high-level aminoglycoside resistance was identified by MIC and Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The prevalence of aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia, aph (3')-IIIa and ant (4')- Ia genes was determined by multiplex- PCR. In total, 100 enterococci strains were isolated. The prevalence of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates was 78% and 22%, respectively. Results: All isolates were susceptible to linezolid. So, all E. faecalis were susceptible to vancomycin but, 36.4% of E. faecium were resistant to it. The prevalence of multiple drug resistance strains was 100% and 67.9% of E. faecium and E. faecalis, respectively. High-level-gentamicin and streptomycin resistant rates were as follows; 26.9% and 73.1% of E. faecalis and 77.3% and 90.1% of E. faecium. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed a high frequency of aac (6')-Ie-aph (2'')-Ia genes among enterococcal isolates. A high rate of resistance to antimicrobials in Enterococcus is obviously problematic, and a novel policy is needed to decrease resistance in these microorganisms.

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