scholarly journals Flow and Transport in Tight and Shale Formations: A Review

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amgad Salama ◽  
Mohamed F. El Amin ◽  
Kundan Kumar ◽  
Shuyu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Flow And Transport ◽  
Multiscale Algorithms ◽  
Macroscopic Parameters

A review on the recent advances of the flow and transport phenomena in tight and shale formations is presented in this work. Exploration of oil and gas in resources that were once considered inaccessible opened the door to highlight interesting phenomena that require attention and understanding. The length scales associated with transport phenomena in tight and shale formations are rich. From nanoscale phenomena to field-scale applications, a unified frame that is able to encounter the varieties of phenomena associated with each scale may not be possible. Each scale has its own tools and limitations that may not, probably, be suitable at other scales. Multiscale algorithms that effectively couple simulations among various scales of porous media are therefore important. In this article, a review of the different length scales and the tools associated with each scale is introduced. Highlights on the different phenomena pertinent to each scale are summarized. Furthermore, the governing equations describing flow and transport phenomena at different scales are investigated. In addition, methods to solve these equations using numerical techniques are introduced. Cross-scale analysis and derivation of linear and nonlinear Darcy’s scale laws from pore-scale governing equations are described. Phenomena occurring at molecular scales and their thermodynamics are discussed. Flow slippage at the nanosize pores and its upscaling to Darcy’s scale are highlighted. Pore network models are discussed as a viable tool to estimate macroscopic parameters that are otherwise difficult to measure. Then, the environmental aspects associated with the different technologies used in stimulating the gas stored in tight and shale formations are briefly discussed.

Analysing the State of Sector-Specific CSR Reporting

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Muzammal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Voluntary Reporting ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Csr Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social

This chapter aims to deepen understanding of trends in corporate social responsibility reporting (CSRR) practices in Pakistan since the introduction of voluntary reporting guidelines in 2009 by the Securities and Exchange Commission Pakistan (SECP) and their updating in 2013. Quantitative content analysis was applied to CSRR for the chemicals, oil and gas, banking, cement, and manufacturing industries in Pakistan. The results were benchmarked to the guidelines issued on social and environmental aspects by the SECP. It was found that the reports issued by the highly polluting industries such as oil and gas, cement, and chemical industries reported significantly higher levels of information than the other sectors. The results indicate the appropriateness of industry-specific reporting and suggest, in line with local guidelines, that further standardisation is required to level the playing field of CSRR in Pakistan.

STUDY OF FLOW AND TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN THE RAT SMALL INTESTINE

Abstracts ◽  
1978 ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Ch. Holliger ◽  
M. Radzyner ◽  
M. Knoblauch ◽  
M. Anliker
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Flow And Transport

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of leak hydraulics

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ferrante ◽  
C. Massari ◽  
E. Todini ◽  
B. Brunone ◽  
S. Meniconi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

In recent decades the hydraulics of leaks, i.e. the definition of the relationships linking the hydraulic quantities in pipes with leaks, has received increasing attention. On the one hand, the definition of the relationship between the leak outflow and the relevant parameters – e.g. the leak area and shape, the pressure inside the pipe and outside the leak, and the pipe material – is crucial for pressure control and inverse analysis techniques. On the other hand, if the effect of the leakage on the governing equations is not taken into account, i.e. the loss of the flow axial momentum is not considered, significant errors can be introduced in the simulation of water distribution systems. In this paper, the governing equations for a pipe with a leak are derived. The basic equations, obtained within different approaches, are presented in a consistent formulation and then compared with the results of some experimental tests. The leak jet angle and other major features of the results are analysed. The estimated values of the parameters can be used in the water distribution network models when pipes with a diffuse leakage are considered.

The Environmental Aspects of Oil and Gas Production Subsidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 756-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Robertson ◽  
G. V. Chilingar ◽  
L. F. Khilyuk ◽  
B. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Oil And Gas Production

THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHONON TRANSPORT SIMULATION FOR NANO/MICROSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SAKURAI ◽  
S. MARUYAMA ◽  
A. KOMIYA ◽  
K. MIYAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Heat Transport ◽  
Characteristic Length ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phonon Transport ◽  
Discrete Ordinates ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Length Scales

The Discrete Ordinates Radiation Element Method (DOREM), which is radiative transfer code, is applied for solving phonon transport of nano/microscale materials. The DOREM allows phonon simulation with multi-dimensional complex geometries. The objective of this study is to apply the DOREM to the nano/microstructured materials. It is confirmed that significant changes of the heat transport phenomena with different characteristic length scales and geometries are observed. This study also discusses further variations for understanding of heat transport mechanisms.

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