scholarly journals Source Term Study on Tritium in HTR-PM: Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhu Cao ◽  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Bing Xia ◽  
Stephen Tsz Tang Lam
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Primary Loop ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Calculation Results

The high temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module (HTR-PM) in China received much attention for its inherent safety performance and high thermal efficiency. The generation mechanism, distribution, reduction route, and release type of tritium (H-3) in HTR-PM are presented with a complete theoretical model. The calculation results indicate the majority of H-3 in the core is generated by the activation reaction of B-10. The activity concentration of H-3 in the primary loop and the specific activity of H-3 in the secondary loop at the operating equilibrium are computed as 3.69 × 106 Bq/m3STPof helium and 4.22 × 104 Bq/kg of water, respectively. The H-3 sampling measurement in HTR-PM has been designed to collect data from the primary coolant, from the liquid waste storage tank, from the secondary coolant, and from the liquid and gaseous effluents, separately. In this paper, the design of H-3 sampling positions in the helium purification system is discussed. The H-3 sampling measurement from the primary helium in HTR-PM has been improved, which can provide reliable activity concentration data of H-3 in the primary loop and supply accurate evaluation for the efficiency of the helium purification system.

A Comprehensive Study of the 14C Source Term in the 10 MW High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor

Radiocarbon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1169-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Liu ◽  
W Peng ◽  
L Wei ◽  
M Lou ◽  
F Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
High Temperature Gas

ABSTRACTWhile assessing the environmental impact of nuclear power plants, researchers have focused their attention on radiocarbon (14C) owing to its high mobility in the environment and important radiological impact on human beings. The 10 MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR-10) is the first pebble-bed gas-cooled test reactor in China that adopted helium as primary coolant and graphite spheres containing tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) coated particles as fuel elements. A series of experiments on the 14C source terms in HTR-10 was conducted: (1) measurement of the specific activity and distribution of typical nuclides in the irradiated graphite spheres from the core, (2) measurement of the activity concentration of 14C in the primary coolant, and (3) measurement of the amount of 14C discharged in the effluent from the stack. All experimental data on 14C available for HTR-10 were summarized and analyzed using theoretical calculations. A sensitivity study on the total porosity, open porosity, and percentage of closed pores that became open after irradiating the matrix graphite was performed to illustrate their effects on the activity concentration of 14C in the primary coolant and activity amount of 14C in various deduction routes.

Design of the Gas Sampling and Analyzing System of HTR-PM

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Feng Xie
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Primary Loop ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The high temperature gas-cooled reactor pebbled-bed module (HTR-PM) which is a modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration power plant, is characterized by inherent safety features and high generating efficiency. It adopts numerous graphite for structural materials in the reactor core, helium as primary coolant, and tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particles embedded in the graphite matrix as fuel elements. However, at high temperature the impurities in the helium can react with the graphite to cause corrosion of structural materials. Therefore, it is very necessary to monitor and control the composition and content of gaseous impurities in the primary coolant. In HTR-PM, the gas sampling and analyzing system has been designed to sample the primary helium at different positions in the helium purification system which is used to reduce the quantity of chemical impurities and remove the radioactive dust and gaseous fission products in the primary loop, and monitor the gas composition and individual concentration online. In the current paper, the composition of the gaseous impurities which need to be monitored in the primary loop of HTR-PM is presented, the design of the gas sampling positions in the helium purification system is discussed, and the main gas analyzing instruments are introduced.

scholarly journals Design of the Online Gross γ Monitoring Instrument at the Exit of the Helium Purification System in HTR-PM

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Lou ◽  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Jianzhu Cao ◽  
Jiejuan Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Source Terms ◽  
Primary Loop ◽  
Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
High Temperature Gas

After the successful construction and operation experience of the 10 MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR-10), a high-temperature gas-cooled pebble-bed modular (HTR-PM) demonstration plant is under construction in Shidao Bay, Rongcheng City, Shandong province, China. An online gross γ monitoring instrument has been designed and placed at the exit of the helium purification system (HPS) of HTR-PM and is used to detect the activity concentration in the primary circuit after purification. The source terms in the primary loop of HTR-PM and the helium purification process were described. The detailed configuration of the gross γ monitoring instrument was presented in detail. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the detection efficiency of the monitoring system. Since the actual source terms in the primary loop of HTR-PM may be different than the current design values, a sensitivity analysis of the detection efficiency was implemented based on different relative proportions of the nuclides. The accuracy and resolution of the NaI(Tl) detector were discussed as well.

scholarly journals Optimization of the truss beam. Verification of the calculation results

2018 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 02037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glib Vatulia ◽  
Sophia Komagorova ◽  
Mykhailo Pavliuchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Convergence Criteria ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Construction Optimization

The article presents a comparison of results of optimized calculation of a truss beam which was chosen as a combined construction. The results of calculation of a beam are compared using the method based on the properties of spacer systems and the calculation of the construction designed in LIRA software complex. The article is dedicated to verification of adequacy of the results of theoretical calculations of construction optimization. Values of longitudinal forces and bending moments appearing in a truss beam are chosen as convergence criteria. Two variants of construction loading are considered: a truss beam exposed to constant load only and a truss beam exposed to constant and temporary load. In the case under consideration, the minimum value (weight) of construction is an optimality criteria, variable parameters include beam panel length and camber height of a trussing rod. As a result, the construction will be considered optimal, if bearing and maximal (between the pillars) bending moments are equal in it. The result of verification of the obtained data is the value of error.

scholarly journals Highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction via facile bubble transport realized by three-dimensionally stack-printed catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Ji Kim ◽  
Ahyoun Lim ◽  
Jong Min Kim ◽  
Donghoon Lim ◽  
Keun Hwa Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Nanostructured Catalysts ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Mass Activity

Abstract Despite highly promising characteristics of three-dimensionally (3D) nanostructured catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs), universal design rules for maximizing their performance have not been explored. Here we show that woodpile (WP)-structured Ir, consisting of 3D-printed, highly-ordered Ir nanowire building blocks, improve OER mass activity markedly. The WP structure secures the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) through enhanced utilization efficiency of the extended surface area of 3D WP catalysts. Moreover, systematic control of the 3D geometry combined with theoretical calculations and various electrochemical analyses reveals that facile transport of evolved O2 gas bubbles is an important contributor to the improved ECSA-specific activity. The 3D nanostructuring-based improvement of ECSA and ECSA-specific activity enables our well-controlled geometry to afford a 30-fold higher mass activity of the OER catalyst when used in a single-cell PEMWE than conventional nanoparticle-based catalysts.

Solidification of Simulated Liquid Waste of Primary Loop Resin Elution Process of PWR

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Obata ◽  
Masaaki Kaneko ◽  
Michitaka Saso ◽  
Nobuhito Ogaki ◽  
Taichi Horimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Primary Loop ◽  
Station Waste ◽  
Cement Solidification

Primary loop resin waste is eluted by sulfuric acid in The Kansai Electic Company Mihama, Takahama and Ohi nuclear power station. Waste solution from this elution process is planned to be solidified by cement. This study bring out a range of chemical composition and crud concentration of waste solution from this elution process, and examine the properties of alumina cement solidification process and solidified material. Test for sulfate ion, borate, lithium, ammonium ion was carried out. Volume reduction ratio of over 0.5 was achieved for 5 to 25wt% of sulfate ion and <5,000ppm of borate. Lithium ion restrained the solidification delay by borate. Also, ammonium ion shows no significant effect. Based on this study, we concluded that the aluminum cement is applicable to all range of composition of waste solution from the resin elution process. This study is a part of committed work of The Kansai electric company.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Theoretical Calculations of Two Cobalt, Nickel Coordination Polymers with 5-Nitroisophthalic Acid and Bis(imidazol) Ligands

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ru Pan ◽  
Xiu-Mei Li ◽  
Jian-Ye Ji ◽  
Qing-Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Covalent Interactions ◽  
2D Network

Two new complexes [Co(NIPH)(bimb)(H2O)]n (1) and [Ni(NIPH)(mbix)]n (2) (H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane, mbix = 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene) have been hydrothermally synthesised and structurally characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) network, which was stabilised through O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions. Complex 2 shows a two-dimensional (2D) network structure, which was further extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure through C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. Moreover, we analysed the natural bond orbital (NBO) using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method in the Gaussian 03 program. The calculation results indicated the obvious covalent interactions between the coordinated atoms and the CoII or NiII ion.

Spectroscopic Investigation of V3+:YAG Crystal

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Czochralski Method ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Crystal Field Theory ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pure Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Good Agreement

V3+ions doped YAG crystals were grown using the Czochralski method in a highly pure argon atmosphere. The transmission spectrum of trivalent vanadium in YAG crystal has been measured at room temperature. Eight bands were observed in which two bands centered at 690nm (14493cm-1) and 1490nm (6711cm-1) are reported for the first time. By using the crystal-field theory and introducing the average covalent factor model, we also presented the theoretical calculations of the energy level splitting of tetrahedrally coordinated V3+impurity systems in YAG crystal. These calculation results are in good agreement with the optical experiment data.

scholarly journals Performance of Stirring System for Radioactive Liquid Waste Storage Tank.

RADIOISOTOPES ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Yoshimune OGATA ◽  
Yosuke KATO ◽  
Saeko OCHIAI ◽  
Hiroshi TOMATSU ◽  
Yoshiroh SATOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Radioactive Liquid Waste ◽  
Waste Storage
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