scholarly journals Analysis and Comparison of Long-Distance Pipeline Failures

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianshuang Dai ◽  
Dongpo Wang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Qingshan Feng ◽  
Xinqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Safety Technology ◽  
Pipeline Management ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Pipeline Safety

The analysis results of long-distance oil and gas pipeline failures are important for the industry and can be the basis of risk analysis, integrity assessment, and management improvement for pipeline operators. Through analysis and comparison of the statistical results of the United States, Europe, the UK, and PetroChina in pipeline failure frequencies, causes, consequences, similarities, and differences of pipeline management, focusing points and management effectiveness are given. Suggestions on long-distance pipeline safety technology and management in China are proposed.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Structural Reliability Assessment Methods for Fixed Offshore Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mat Soom ◽  
M.K. Abu Husain ◽  
N.I. Mohd Zaki ◽  
N.A. Mukhlas ◽  
S.Z.A. Syed Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Structural Deterioration

The oil and gas sector has recognised structural integrity assessment of ageing platform for prospective life extension as a rising concern, particularly in encountering the randomness of the harsh ocean environments. This condition leads to uncertainty in wave-in-deck load estimates and a high load level being imposed on offshore structures. This emphasises the necessity of enhanced reliability, as failure might result in inaccessibility because of the uncertainties related to long-distance services, such as accuracy of predictions of loads and responses. Even though the established guidelines present a fundamental assessment, additionally, comprehensive rules are required. This paper performed a reliability analysis incorporating practical approaches that can more accurately represent time-dependent structural deterioration. The following two procedures have been adopted by a majority of significant oil and gas operators to monitor the safety and integrity of these structures: a) Ultimate Strength Assessment (USA) method and b) Reliability Design Assessment (ReDA) method. A comparison of these two reliability approaches was performed on selected ageing jacket structures in the region of the Malaysian sea. The comparative findings, namely, reserve strength ratio (RSR) at various years of the return period (RP) and ratio value for risk of failure regarding the probability of failure (POF), provided a check and balance in strengthening confidence in the results. The findings showed that the structural components might safely survive either using the USA and ReDA method in such conditions, as the reliability indexes were determined to be satisfactory compared to allowable values from ISO 19902 design specifications. Therefore, these evaluations were determined to control the risk level of the structure during the remaining of its lifetime and undertake cost-effective inspections or mitigation strategies when necessary.

Capturing Carbon Dioxide: The Feasibility of Re-Using Existing Pipeline Infrastructure to Transport Anthropogenic CO2

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Seevam ◽  
Julia Race ◽  
Martin Downie ◽  
Julian Barnett ◽  
Russell Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Climate change has been attributed to green house gases, with carbon dioxide (CO2) being the main contributor. Sixty to seventy percent of carbon dioxide emissions originate from fossil fuel power plants. Power companies in the UK, along with oil and gas field operators, are proposing to capture this anthropogenic CO2 and either store it in depleted reservoirs or saline aquifers (carbon capture and storage, CCS), or use it for ‘Enhanced Oil Recovery’ (EOR) in depleting oil and gas fields. This would involve extensive onshore and offshore pipeline systems. The decline of oil and gas production of reservoirs beyond economic feasibility will require the decommissioning onshore and offshore facilities post-production. This creates a possible opportunity for using existing pipeline infrastructure. Conversions of pipelines from natural gas service to CO2 service for EOR have been done in the United States. However, the differing sources of CO2 and the differing requirements for EOR and CCS play a significant part in allowing the re-use of existing infrastructure. The effect of compositions, the phase of transportation, the original pipeline specifications, and also the pipeline route require major studies prior to allowing re-use. This paper will first review the requirements for specifying the purity of the CO2 for CCS and to highlight the implications that the presence of impurities and the current water specifications for pipelines has on the phase diagram and the associated physical properties of the CO2 stream. A ‘best’ and ‘worst’ case impurity specification will be identified. Then an analysis on the impact and subsequent validation, of equations of state based on available experimental data on the phase modelling of anthropogenic CO2 is presented. A case study involving an existing 300km gas pipeline in the National Transmission System (NTS) in the UK is then modelled, to demonstrate the feasibility of using this pipeline to transport anthropogenic CO2. The various issues involved for the selected ‘best’ and ‘worst’ case specification are also covered. This is then followed by an investigation of the options for transport in the ‘gas’ phase and ‘supercritical’ phases, and also identifying the limitations on re-using pipeline infrastructure for CCS.

Bahrain's transnational Arab Spring: repression, oil and human rights activism

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-983
Author(s):  
Jessie Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transnational Activism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Direct Outcome ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Studies of the Middle East following the Arab Spring have concluded that ‘repression works’, especially in the oil- and gas-rich countries of the Gulf. Drawing on primary materials collected during fieldwork trips to Bahrain, the United States and Britain, this article nuances the ‘repression effect’ by tracing the emergence of a transnational Bahraini opposition, mapping the relationships and joint activities between domestic and exiled Bahraini groups, international NGOs and western policy-makers. It finds that even in the context of domestic repression and continuing ideological divides within Bahrain's opposition, transnational networks have not only sustained opposition organizations, but also maintained access to foreign policy-makers, producing repeated criticisms of the Bahraini regime and legal challenges to ruling elites who visit western states. The successes of this advocacy are modest: while it has not drastically reshaped the domestic state–society relationship, it has created significant costs for the Bahraini regime and damaged Bahrain's international brand. As a result, state and opposition networks now compete for influence over western policy-makers: international ‘arenas of advocacy’—such as the UK parliament, US Congress, UNHRC and European Parliament—have now become ‘arenas of contestation’, as state and opposition narratives of Bahraini politics, filtered through western policy-makers, play out during debates over foreign policy towards Bahrain. The article positions transnational activism as a direct outcome of the ‘repression effect’, highlighting ongoing contests for influence between state and society occurring in international and transnational spaces, even as the domestic scope for opposition mobilization remains highly restricted.

Study of High Vapour Pressure Pipeline Safety

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Grzyb ◽  
Michael F. Hallihan
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Failure Frequency ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Pressure Pipeline ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pipeline Failures ◽  
Pipeline Safety ◽  
High Vapour Pressure

The Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (EUB) recently initiated a study to examine and evaluate whether existing regulations and standards adequately ensure the safe operation of High Vapour Pressure (HVP) pipelines in Alberta. An engineering consultant was contracted to review the performance history of HVP pipelines, determine the predominant failure modes and causes, compare Alberta performance against other jurisdictions, and provide a report containing recommendations for improvements. The consultant concluded that the predominant cause of HVP pipeline failures has been interference from outside parties, followed equally by material deficiencies and corrosion. The report also concluded that HVP pipelines in Alberta have been operating at a failure frequency approximately 30 per cent less than the failure frequency of hazardous liquids pipelines in the United States. The paper first provides a brief description of the role of the EUB in Alberta, followed by a summary of HVP pipeline performance. A description of the methodology used to conduct the study follows, along with the conclusions and recommendations made by the consultant. A process for the verification of the proposed changes by the affected stakeholders is then described, followed finally by a description of how any proposed regulatory changes may be completed.

scholarly journals Canada’s federal database is inadequate for the assessment of environmental consequences of oil and gas pipeline failures

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Belvederesi ◽  
Megan S. Thompson ◽  
Petr E. Komers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Pipeline Failures

In Canada, the National Energy Board (NEB) regulates inter-provincial oil and gas pipelines and maintains historical records that contain data on oil and gas pipeline accidents; these data include information about operators, the accidents’ cause, and the resulting consequences. New inter-provincial pipelines are being built in Canada to transport fuels, but no comprehensive statistical analysis of the risk to environmental receptors exists. This study assesses the quality and quantity of NEB pipeline failure data available in Canada with a focus on environmental consequences and investigates differences between Canada and a more thoroughly studied jurisdiction, the United States, in tracking accident data. The discrepancies in agencies’ jurisdiction and regulated mileage are analyzed, along with reporting criteria and initial recording year. The level of detail provided by the two agencies is compared, identifying deficiencies in data collection. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) regulates 76% of pipelines in the United States, whereas the NEB only monitors 9% of pipelines in Canada. PHMSA provides four databases that include accidents from the 1980s for most pipelines and from 2011 for liquefied natural gas facilities; the NEB database includes accident data starting from 2008, which derive primarily from transmission pipelines. Information about environmental consequences is quite detailed in the US database, which reports 21 descriptive fields, whereas in Canada only two NEB database fields describe environmental outcomes. Moreover, dissimilarities in accident reporting criteria prevent the combination of data from the two agencies. Consequently, the NEB database does not allow for statistically robust and system wide analysis of the environmental consequences of pipeline failures in Canada. Furthermore, to calculate failure rates (annual number of accidents per kilometre of pipeline) for regulated pipelines, annual total mileage estimates are required. Mileage per year is provided by PHMSA for gas gathering, transmission, and distribution pipelines starting from 1984, and for hazardous liquid pipelines from 2004; the NEB provides annual mileage from 2010, a shorter period of record. The Canadian federal agencies are encouraged to improve accuracy and consistency in recording past accidents and in collecting pipeline data, with the goal of preventing and minimizing future pipeline failures.

Reliable Subsea Oil and Gas Transportation Systems

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Reith ◽  
Kaj B. Lagstrom
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Production System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
System Designs

This paper is seeking to provide feedback on the use and application of both API-RP-17N & ISO 20815 in subsea field developments and in the progression of floating production system designs by presenting findings and design study recommendations, which are collectively pushing engineering boundaries in the recovery of oil and gas from difficult operational and environmental locations. Lessons Learned, key issues encountered and feed-back are provided from the installation of a subsea facility infrastructure that will deliver gas into the U.K. network from a long distance subsea tieback West of Shetland in the UK Continental Sector and from various FPSO projects and from deep-water FLNG design developments.

Analysis of Pressure Test Failure Performance for Vintage Pipe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Jing Chen ◽  
Dan Williams ◽  
Keith Leewis ◽  
David Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Pressure Tests ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Pipeline Safety ◽  
Test Failure

Systemic manufacturing defects in select vintage pipe pose challenges when assessing the integrity of pipeline systems comprised of such pipe. The common manufacturing technology and quality control practices in place at the time of manufacturing left some vintage line pipe prone to imperfections which could remain even after passing pressure tests in the mill or after construction. The lack of complete and reliable manufacturing records for some vintage line pipe limits granularity and adds integrity assessment uncertainties. Up until 1984, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) required operators to report incidents related to failed pressure tests for all pipelines at the time of installation. Performance with respect to the manufacturer and year of manufacture can therefore be extracted from these reported incidents. These performance records are essential when re-establishing the MAOP (or MOP) and confirming the fitness for service of older pipelines. The pressure test failure performance in the early incident records provides insight into pipeline integrity prioritization and mitigation activities for managing pipeline safety based on pipe manufacturer, production date and seam type.

scholarly journals Supervision of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Production and the Independence of Regulators as a Response to Major Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Nieves-Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Separation Criterion ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Offshore Oil

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the reforms of offshore oil and gas (O&G) regulators in the United Kingdom (the UK), Norway, the United States of America (the USA), and the Netherlands after major accidents in the industry. The reforms introduced a measure to make regulators more independent, and to avoid conflicts of interest by separating economic and risk regulation. This research calls such measure “the functional separation criterion”. In order to identify what makes a regulator independent, this research goes beyond the offshore O&G industry to analyze the theory of independent regulators developed in the field of public administration. This approach evidences that, in contrast to the understanding of independent regulators used in the offshore O&G industry, the independence of regulators in the field of public administration is a multidimensional concept. A multidimensional assessment of the independence of offshore O&G regulators reveals findings that remain hidden if one uses a single and limited approach such as the functional separation criterion.

An exploratory study of intangibles risk disclosure in annual reports of banking companies from the UK, US, Germany and Italy - Some descriptive insights

2013 ◽  
pp. 81-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Durst
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Uk

Intangibles are viewed as the key drivers in most industries, and current research shows that firms voluntarily disclose information about their investments in intangibles and their potential benefits. Yet little is known of the risks relating to such resources and the disclosures firms make about such risks. In order to obtain a more balanced and complete picture of firms' activities, information about the risky side of their intangibles is also needed. This exploratory study provides some descriptive insights into intangibles-related risk disclosure in a sample of 16 large banks from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Germany and Italy. Annual report data is analyzed using the three Intellectual Capital dimensions. Study findings illustrate the variety of intangibles-related risk disclosure as demonstrated by the banks involved.

‘To see oursels as ithers see us’: Reflections on Scottish Independence from the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Hague ◽  
Alan Mackie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scottish Diaspora

The United States media have given rather little attention to the question of the Scottish referendum despite important economic, political and military links between the US and the UK/Scotland. For some in the US a ‘no’ vote would be greeted with relief given these ties: for others, a ‘yes’ vote would be acclaimed as an underdog escaping England's imperium, a narrative clearly echoing America's own founding story. This article explores commentary in the US press and media as well as reporting evidence from on-going interviews with the Scottish diaspora in the US. It concludes that there is as complex a picture of the 2014 referendum in the United States as there is in Scotland.

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