scholarly journals Functional Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Santangelo ◽  
Cecilia Battistelli ◽  
Claudia Montaldo ◽  
Franca Citarella ◽  
Raffaele Strippoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circulating Dna ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Liver Malignancy ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

Exosomes are important in intercellular communication. They assure the horizontal transfer of specific functional contents (i.e., proteins, lipids, RNA molecules, and circulating DNA) from donor to recipient cells. Notably, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) appear to be an important vehicle of specific signals in cancer, impacting on tumor growth and metastasis. Recent researches point to the characterization of exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), the major adult liver malignancy. In this review, we summarize current findings on HCC exosomes, focusing on the identification of noncoding RNAs as exosome-enriched functional regulators and new potential biomarkers. The great potential of exosomes in future HCC diagnostic and therapeutic approaches is underlined.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Requires Long Noncoding RNAs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Amicone ◽  
Franca Citarella ◽  
Carla Cicchini
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Liver Malignancy ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers

Recent evidence has proven the relevance of epigenetic changes in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major adult liver malignancy. Moreover, HCC onset and progression correlate with the deregulation of several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), exhibiting great biological significance. As discussed in this review, many of these transcripts are able to specifically act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes by means of their role as molecular platforms. Indeed, these lncRNAs are able to bind and recruit epigenetic modifiers on specific genomic loci, ultimately resulting in regulation of the gene expression relevant in cancer development. The evidence presented in this review highlights that lncRNAs-mediated epigenetic regulation should be taken into account for potential targeted therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Characterization of RNA in Extracellular Vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7520
Author(s):  
Silvia Fischer ◽  
Elisabeth Deindl
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Endosomal Pathway

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important players in the communication between different kinds of cells by delivering their content, consisting of different types of RNA, proteins, bioactive lipids, or signaling nucleotides, into their target cells. Several types of EVs are distinguished: (1) exosomes with sizes from 30 to 150 nm originate from the endosomal pathway and form intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which fuse to the plasma membrane before their secretion. (2) EVs with sizes ranging from 100 to 1000 nm in diameter are formed during cell surface budding. (3) Apoptotic bodies with diameters from 500 to 2000 nm are released from blebbing of the cell membrane of apoptotic cells. It is well established that various RNA molecules such as coding RNAs and noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs, and rRNAs) are present in different amounts in EVs depending on the type and origin of EV. Here we will give an overview of methods to isolate different types of EVs and to quantify and characterize different RNA species.

First evaluation of Neighbor of Punc E11 (NOPE) as a novel marker in human hepatocellular carcinoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Susanne Zweerink ◽  
Senait Mesghenna ◽  
Vera Mueck ◽  
Sigrid Schulte ◽  
Fabian Kuetting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Epithelial Tumor ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Potential Biomarker

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide and the search for clinically useful biomarkers is ongoing. Neighbor of Punc E11 (NOPE) is an established biomarker of murine HCC that remains undetectable in normal liver and at preneoplastic stages. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of NOPE in human HCC. METHODS: Histologically confirmed HCC and corresponding non-tumor liver samples from 20 patients were analyzed for expression of NOPE using qRT-PCR and mRNA-in-situ technology in a conserved tissue context. RESULTS: In our cohort, 30% of HCC samples were expressing NOPE which proved particularly useful in non-cirrhotic HCC samples with up to 155-fold higher expression than in adult liver. Using mRNA-in-situ technology, NOPE was clearly identified within epithelial tumor cells of NOPE positive human HCCs. In our analyzed cohort, the combination of AFP with NOPE did not reach more than 40% sensitivity while GPC-3 and NOPE were complementary to each other reaching a combined sensitivity of 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first characterization of NOPE as a potential biomarker for human HCC. Our results underline the value of NOPE as a complementing biomarker for human HCC.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Noncoding RNAs Transcribed from Putative Active Enhancers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 658-669
Author(s):  
Ye-Eun Lee ◽  
Jiyeon Lee ◽  
Yong Sun Lee ◽  
Jiyoung Joan Jang ◽  
Hyeonju Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Noncoding Rnas

Electron Microscope Study of RNA's of Paramyxoviruses

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 196-197
Author(s):  
Ruchama Baum ◽  
J.T. Seto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Sendai Virus ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of paramyxoviruses has been characterized by biochemical and physiochemical methods. However, paramyxovirus RNA molecules have not been studied by electron microscopy. The molecular weights of these single-stranded viral RNA molecules are not known as yet. Since electron microscopy has been found to be useful for the characterization of single-stranded RNA, this investigation was initiated to examine the morphology and length measurements of paramyxovirus RNA's.Sendai virus Z strain and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Milano strain, were used. For these studies it was necessary to develop a method of extracting RNA molecules from purified virus particles. Highly purified Sendai virus was treated with pronase (300 μg/ml) at 37°C for 30 minutes and the RNA extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-phenol procedure.

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