scholarly journals Can Mixed Parasite Infections Thwart Targeted Malaria Elimination Program in India?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upasana Shyamsunder Singh ◽  
Nisha Siwal ◽  
Veena Pande ◽  
Aparup Das
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Parasite Infections

India is highly endemic to malaria with prevalence of all five species of human malaria parasites of Plasmodium genus. India is set for malaria elimination by 2030. Since cases of mixed Plasmodium species infections remain usually undetected but cause huge disease burden, in order to understand the distributional prevalence of both monospecies infections and mixed species infections in India, we collated published data on the differential infection incidences of the five different malaria parasites based on PCR diagnostic assay. About 11% of total cases were due to mixed species infection. Among several interesting observations on both single and mixed parasitic infections, incidences of Plasmodium falciparum monoinfection were found to be significantly higher than P. vivax monoinfection. Also, P. malariae seems to be emerging as a potential malaria threat in India. Putting all the facts together, it appears that the dream of achieving malaria elimination in India will not be completely successful without dealing with mixed species infection.

scholarly journals Adaptive Drug Resistance in Malaria Parasite: A Threat to Malaria Elimination Agenda?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Okpeku
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
African Region ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Host Development

Malaria is a global disease of importance, especially in the sub-Saharan African region, where malaria accounts for great losses economically and to life. Fight to eliminate this disease has resulted in reduced disease burden in many places where the diseases is endemic. Elimination strategies in most places is focus on the use of treated nets and drug application. Exposure of malaria parasites to anti-malaria drugs have led to the evolution of drug resistance in both parasites and host. Development of drug resistance vary but, studies on adaptive drug resistance has implications and consequences. Our knowledge of this consequences are limited but important for the pursuit of an uninterrupted malaria elimination agenda. This chapter draws our attention to this risks and recommends interventions.

Prediction of human Plasmodium sex specific gene by homology search: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Odaka ◽  
Amen Sassy ◽  
Shymmaa Khatab ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
Khaled Ismaeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Human Plasmodium

Human Plasmodium species have a sex specific process in the life cycle namely gametocytogenesis or gametogenesis. Gametocytes production and subsequent gametes zygosis are critical for malaria parasites to link to mosquito stage and to merge to sexual reproduction. Here, we aimed at the identification of genes related to gametocytogenesis or gametogenesis in human malaria using systematic review, meta-synthesis and homology search. Based on our search terms, we conducted a systematic search of published data in nine databases resulting in 96 finally included papers with a total of 255 genes from apicomplexan species. We found more papers involved in Plasmodium than we had expected, which reflects that the extensive amount of research on Plasmodium genes have been examined. Subsequently we searched sequence homology between FASTA sequences of apicomplexan sex specific genes other than human malaria parasites and those of human malaria parasites genome on PlasmoDB. We focused on eight candidate genes of Plasmodium falciparum (PF). Finally we predicted that PRPF6, SMC1 and SMC2 can be the especially promising candidate genes.

scholarly journals Long-Lived Antibody and B Cell Memory Responses to the Human Malaria Parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e1000770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiraprapa Wipasa ◽  
Chaisuree Suphavilai ◽  
Lucy C. Okell ◽  
Jackie Cook ◽  
Patrick H. Corran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Cell Memory ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
B Cell Memory

scholarly journals Apicoplast and Mitochondrion in Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Okamoto ◽  
Timothy P. Spurck ◽  
Christopher D. Goodman ◽  
Geoffrey I. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Male Gametes

ABSTRACT Live cell imaging of human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum during gametocytogenesis revealed that the apicoplast does not grow, whereas the mitochondrion undergoes remarkable morphological development. A close connection of the two organelles is consistently maintained. The apicoplast and mitochondrion are not components of the male gametes, suggesting maternal inheritance.

Culture of human malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum

Nature ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 263 (5580) ◽  
pp. 767-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DAVID HAYNES ◽  
CARTER L. DIGGS ◽  
FRED A. HINES ◽  
ROBERT E. DESJARDINS
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
African Region ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Human Malaria

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria. Five other Plasmodium species can also infect humans — P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale curtisi, P. ovale wallikeri and P. knowlesi — but P. falciparum is the most prevalent Plasmodium species in the African region, where 90% of all malaria occurs, and it is this species that causes the great majority of malaria deaths. These were reported by the WHO at 438 000 in 2015 from an estimated 214 million cases; importantly, however, figures for the global burden of malaria tend to have wide margins of error due to poor and inaccurate reporting. In this Perspective, features of P. falciparum that are unique among human malaria parasites are highlighted, and current issues surrounding the control and treatment of this major human pathogen are discussed.

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